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Model-Based Quantification of Load Shift Potentials and Optimized Charging of Electric Vehicles

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2013年第5期4卷 398-408页

作者： Tobias Hahn Martin Schonfelder patrick jochem Vincent Heuveline Wolf Fichtner Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany Chair of Energy Economics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany University of Heidelberg Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelbergGermany

Managing the charging process of a large number of electric vehicles to decrease the pressure on the local electricity grid is of high interest to the utilities. Using efficient mathematical optimization techniques, the charging behavior of electric vehicles shall be optimally controlled taking into account network, vehicle, and customer requirements. We developed an efficient algorithm for calculating load shift potentials defined as the range of all charging curves meeting the customer’s requirements and respecting all individual charging and discharging constraints over time. In addition, we formulated a mixed integer linear program (MIP) applying semi-continuous variables to find cost-optimal load curves for every vehicle participating in a load shift. This problem can be solved by e.g. branch-and-bound algorithms. Results of two scenarios of Germany in 2015 and 2030 based on mobility studies show that the load shifting potential of EV is significant and contribute to a necessary relaxation of the future grid. The maximum charging and discharging power and the average battery capacity are crucial to the overall load shift potential.

关键词： Electric Mobility Load Shifting Charging Management Optimization

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Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and Ceratitis capitata, and motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Carpoglyphus lactis as factitious foods for Orius spp.

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 613-622页

作者： jochem Bonte Anais Van de Walle Des Conlong patrick De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium South African Sugarcane Research Institute Private Bag X02 Mount Edgecombe 4300 South Africa School of Biological and Conservation Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus （Hesse） and Orius naivashae （Poppius）（Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagusputrescentiae （Schrank） or Carpoglyphus lactis （L）. Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.

关键词： Anthocoridae biological control Ceratitis capitata factitious foods massrearing Orius spp.

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