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Age structure in neutral theory resolves inconsistencies related to reproductive-size threshold

j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 64-71页

作者： j.mes Rosindell patrick A.j.nsen Rampal S.Etienne Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTWest YorkshireUK Institute of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies University of IdahoMoscowID 83844USA Center for Tropical Forest Science Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePO Box 0843-03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama Centre of Ecosystem Studies Wageningen UniversityPO Box 476700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Community and Conservation Ecology Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of GroningenPO Box 111039700 CC Groningenthe Netherlands

Aims Neutral theory consists of a suite of models that assume ecological equivalence among individual *** have been most commonly applied to tropical forest tree communities either as null models or as *** models typically only include reproductive adults;therefore,fitting to empirical tree community data requires defining a reproductive-size threshold,which for trees is usually set arbitrarily to a diameter at breast height(DBH)of 100 *** inevitable exclusion of some reproductive adults and inclusion of some saplings cause a non-random sampling bias in neutral model ***,we investigate this problem and resolve it by introducing simple age structure into a neutral *** We compared the performance and sensitivity of DBH threshold of three variants of a spatially explicit neutral model:the traditional model,a model incorporating random sampling and a model with two distinct age classes—reproductive adults and *** the age-structured model,saplings are offspring from adults that disperse according to a Gaussian dispersal kernel around the *** only extra parameter is the ratio of adults to saplings,which is not a free parameter but directly *** used species–area relationships(SARs)to explore the predicted effect of saplings on the species richness at different scales in our *** then evaluated the three model variations to find the parameters required to maintain the observed level of species richness in the 50-ha plot on Barro Colorado Island(BCI).We repeated our analysis filtering the data at different minimum tree-size thresholds in order to find the effect this threshold has on our ***,we used empirical species–individual relationships(SIRs)to test the pre-existing hypothesis that environmental filtering is the primary cause of differences between the assemblage of saplings and that of adults on *** Findings Our age-structured neutral model was characterized by SARs that

关键词： neutral theory age structure sampling DBH

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Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis from Nitrogen and Water by One-Step Plasma Catalysis

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第2期6卷 284-292页

作者： Tianqi Zhang Renwu Zhou Shuai Zhang Rusen Zhou j.a Ding Fengwang Li j.ngmi Hong Liguang Dou Tao Shao Anthony B.Murphy Kostya(Ken)Ostrikov patrick j.Cullen School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneyDarlingtonNSW 2008Australia Beij.ng International S&T Cooperation Base for Plasma Science and Energy Conversion Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQld 4000Australia State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentCenter for Plasma BiomedicineXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China CSIRO Manufacturing LindfieldNSW 2070Australia

Sustainable ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions that relies on renewable sources of energy and feedstocks is globally sought to replace the Haber-Bosch ***,using nitrogen and water as raw materials,a nonthermal plasma catalysis approach is demonstrated as an effective powerto-chemicals conversion strategy for ammonia *** sustaining a highly reactive environment,successful plasma-catalytic production of NH_(3) was achieved from the dissociation of N_(2) and H_(2)O under mild ***-induced vibrational excitation is found to decrease the N_(2) and H_(2)O dissociation barriers,with the presence of matched catalysts in the nonthermal plasma discharge reactor contributing significantly to molecular dissociation on the catalyst *** functional theory calculations for the activation energy barrier for the dissociation suggest that ruthenium catalysts supported on magnesium oxide exhibit superior performance over other catalysts in NH_(3) production by lowering the activation energy for the dissociative adsorption of N_(2) down to 1.07 *** highest production rate,2.67 mmol gcat.^(-1) h^(-1),was obtained using ruthenium catalyst supported on magnesium *** work highlights the potential of nonthermal plasma catalysis for the activation of renewable sources to serve as a new platform for sustainable ammonia production.

关键词： Haber-Bosch plasma catalysis ruthenium catalyst sustainability sustainable ammonia

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东昆仑牦牛山组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄及构造意义

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岩石学报 2010年第4期26卷 1150-1158页

作者：陆露吴珍汉胡道功 patrick j.BAROSH 郝爽周春景中国地质科学院地质力学研究所中国地质科学院 P.j.Barosh and Associates 103 Aaron AvenueBristolRI 02809USA 天津地质矿产研究所

东昆仑水泥厂地区造山后火山-沉积盆地内形成的牦牛山组磨拉石建造不整合覆盖在前泥盆系地层之上,其形成时代的研究对限定东昆仑早古生代洋盆关闭的时间具有重要意义。应用激光烧蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LAMC-ICPMS)方法,对火... 详细信息

东昆仑水泥厂地区造山后火山-沉积盆地内形成的牦牛山组磨拉石建造不整合覆盖在前泥盆系地层之上,其形成时代的研究对限定东昆仑早古生代洋盆关闭的时间具有重要意义。应用激光烧蚀多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LAMC-ICPMS)方法,对火山-沉积盆地内牦牛山组不同层位的流纹岩夹层进行了精确的锆石U-Pb定年研究。结果表明,盆地北缘牦牛山组底砾岩之上的流纹岩(B743-2)中岩浆锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄平均值为423.2±1.8Ma,盆地西缘牦牛山组底砾岩之上的流纹岩(B820-1)中岩浆锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄平均值为408.2±2.4Ma,盆地西缘和南缘牦牛山组中上部碎屑岩中流纹岩夹层(B705-1和B656-1)的岩浆锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄平均值分别为404.9±4.8Ma和399.6±2.8Ma。它们代表了牦牛山组不同层位火山岩的形成年龄,由此可以限定水泥厂地区牦牛山组形成时间为400～423Ma。上述年代学结果较为精确地限定了东昆仑早古生代洋盆关闭的构造年代。流纹岩中2486～920Ma元古代继承锆石的发现,说明东昆仑南的变质基底和扬子板块变质基底类似,是晋宁期0.9～1.0Ga罗迪尼亚超大陆形成时发育起来的。

关键词：牦牛山组流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄晚志留世-早泥盆世东昆仑造山带

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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo j.n F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael j.Lawes patrick A.Omej. Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

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The effect of melatonin in functional heartburn: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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Open j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期4卷 56-61页

作者： patrick P. Basu Hemanth Hempole Nitya Krishnaswamy Niraj.j. Shah Mark M. Aloysius Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York USA j.mes j. Peters VA Medical Center Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York USA King’s County Hospital New York USA North Shore University Hospital at Forest Hills Forest Hills USA

Background: Melatonin is a safe and effective treatment for patients with functional pain and gastrointestinal disorders. Obj.ctive: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin for 3 months in patients with functional heartburn. Methods: In the randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study, patients with functional heartburn were treated with omeprazole 20 mg before breakfast and randomized to receive either melatonin 6 mg (n = 20), nortripty line 25 mg (n = 20), or placebo (n = 20) at bedtime for 3 months. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQOL) scores were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: Melatonin improved GERD-HRQOL scores compared with nortriptyline (P = 0.0015) and placebo (P < 0.0001). Fewer adverse events were reported by patients receiving melatonin compared with those receiving nortriptyline or placebo. Conclusions: Melatonin was a safe and effective treatment for functional heartburn.

关键词： Melatonin Functional Heartburn Nortriptyline HRQOL

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Remote Sensing of Selected Winter and Spring Host Plants of Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) and Herbicide Use Strategies as a Management Tactic

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1313-1327页

作者： Donald L. Sudbrink Steven j. Thomson Reginald S. Fletcher F. Aubrey Harris patrick j. English j.mes T. Robbins Austin Peay State University Department of Agriculture Clarksville USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Stoneville USA

Remote sensing was used in a series of experiments over a three-year period to obtain spectral reflectance data for studying differences in vegetation indices between grasses, broadleaf plants, and grass/broadleaf plant mixtures. Selected non-crop winter and spring host plants of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, were planted in field-plot experiments. Multispectral reflectance data were aerially acquired with both a Real-Time Digital Airborne Camera System (RDACS) sensor and Geospatial Systems (Duncan Tech) MS-2100 multispectral camera. The following six vegetation indices of spectral reflectance were evaluated in this study: normalized difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, green normalized difference vegetation index, green vegetation index, green ratio vegetation index, and Ashburn vegetation index. Vegetation indices calculated with imagery data for the grasses and broadleaves differed significantly;there appeared to be more discriminating differences between vegetation indices for grasses and broadleaf plants when the indices were based on a combination of green and near infrared or green and red spectral bands than when the indices were based on red and near infrared spectral bands. Insect data from these studies confirm that tarnished plant bug prefers broadleaf host plants, but can use Italian ryegrass for food and reproduction. The narrow temporal window of host suitability for Italian ryegrass may limit its significance. Herbicide destruction of broadleaf host plants in early spring prevented the tarnished plant bug population increases that occurred in untreated plots. Findings of this study would be useful in site-specific vegetation management decisions in programs such as the prototypical area-wide tarnished plant bug management experiment conducted in the Delta region of Mississippi.

关键词： Remote Sensing Vegetation Index Lygus lineolaris Area-Wide Management

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iTAK： A Program for Genome-wide Prediction and Classification of Plant Transcription Factors, Transcriptional Regulators, and Protein Kinases

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Molecular Plant 2016年第12期9卷 1667-1670页

作者： Yi Zheng Chen j.ao Honghe Sun Hernan G. Rosli Marina A. Pombo Peifen Zhang Michael Banf Xinbin Dai Gregory B. Martin j.mes j. Giovannoni patrick X. Zhao Seung Y. Rhee Zhangj.n Fei Boyce Thompson Institute Ithaca NY 14853 USA Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE CONICET-UNLP) La Plata 1900 Argentina Department of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford CA 94305 USA Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Dear Editor,Transcription factors （TFs） are proteins that regulate the expression of target genes by binding to specific cis-elements in pro-moter regions. Transcriptional regulators （TRs） a）so regulate the expression of target genes; however, they operate indirectly via interaction with the basal transcription apparatus （e.g., TFs）, or by altering the accessibility of DNA to TFs via chromatin remodeling. Another type of regulatory proteins, protein kinases （PKs）,

关键词： Mystery Mendel's Magnesium

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九寨沟长海中心纲硅藻的分类学研究及报道1个新种（英文）

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水生生物学报 2017年第5期41卷 1140-1148页

作者：徐季雄尤庆敏 KOCIOLEK j.patrick 王全喜上海师范大学生命科学与环境学院上海200234 Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado

研究报道了采自中国四川九寨沟自然保护区长海的4种中心类硅藻种类,其中新种1个:长海小环藻(Cyclotella changhai ***.),中国新记录种1个:克里特小环藻(***)和2种较少报道的种类:可辨小环藻(***)和辐纹琳达藻(Lindavia radiosa)。通过... 详细信息

研究报道了采自中国四川九寨沟自然保护区长海的4种中心类硅藻种类,其中新种1个:长海小环藻(Cyclotella changhai ***.),中国新记录种1个:克里特小环藻(***)和2种较少报道的种类:可辨小环藻(***)和辐纹琳达藻(Lindavia radiosa)。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对这4个种类形态学的特征进行观察,并与相似种类进行比较。与长海小环藻相似的种类包括*** Grunow,*** Scheffler和*** Druart&Straub,主要通过壳面中央区的不同形态进行区分-长海小环藻的中央区近平滑且具有不规则的凹陷。

关键词：中心纲硅藻小环藻琳达藻九寨沟中国新种分类

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Saving Our Planet's Flora,the Contribution of the French National Natural History Museum to the Implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 46-52页

作者： Maté DELMAS j.an-patrick LE DUC International Relations Department of Botanical and Zoological GardensMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParis International Affairs Officer Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParis

The National Natural History Museum plays a key role in the implementation of the GSPC through its botanical gardens,the Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien,the Herbarium,and also by providing expertise on all areas of the Strategy(botany,conservation,ethonobotany,article 8j.substainable use),*** 2 of the goals of GSPC(conserving plant diversity,Understanding and Documenting Plant Diversity),the Muséum has developed activities all over the world,including compilation of various flora and description of new species,as well as establishment of plant conservation schemes and habitat protection *** also conserves endangered species in the botanical garden.

关键词： Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conservation Botanical expertise

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Predictors of Malignant Pathology and the Role of Trans-Thoracic Needle Biopsy in Management of Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Pleura: A 30-Year Review of a Tertiary Care Center Patient Cohort

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Open j.urnal of Thoracic Surgery 2016年第4期6卷 57-69页

作者： Anna McGuire patrick j. Villeneuve Harman Sekhon Sebastien Gilbert Sudhir Sundaresan Donna E. Maziak Andrew E. j. Seely Farid M. Shamj. Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Division of Thoracic Surgery Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver Canada Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery The Ottawa Hospital General Campus University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada Division of Thoracic Pathology Department of Anatomic Pathology The Ottawa Hospital General Campus University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada

Background: Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTP) are rare neoplasms with unpredictable behavior. Lack of unifying criteria for benign or malignant SFTP has resulted in reports of SFTP exhibiting malignant behavior years after complete surgical resection (despite benign initial diagnosis). Additionally, the role of trans-thoracic needle biopsy in initial management of SFTP is unclear. Understanding predictors of malignancy identifies patients at unacceptably high risk for non-surgical primary therapy, and for recurrence despite complete surgical resection. Obj.ctives: The primary obj.ctives were to identify clinicopathological predictors of malignancy & recurrence in SFTP. The secondary aim was to determine the role of trans-thoracic needle biopsy in the management decision algorithm of SFTP. Methods: Retrospective chart review was conducted (j.n. 1983-Dec. 2013) at the Ottawa Hospital for pathologically confirmed SFTP. Data were collected on biopsy-related, clinical, histopathological & immunohistochemistry (IHC) variables. Appropriate tests of statistical inference were conducted for all variables. Results: Pathologically confirmed SFTP was identified in 26 cases. Transthoracic needle biopsy was conducted in 22 (84.6%);with 16 (72.7%) biopsies diagnostic of SFTP with IHC;3 (13.6%) being malignant. Primary management was surveillance in 3 and complete surgical resection in 23. Surgical pathology reported 15 (65.2%) benign and 8 (34.8%) malignant cases. Local recurrence occurred in 3 and distant recurrence in 1. Initial pathology was benign in 3 (75%) with recurrence. Clinicopathologic variables analyzed did not predict recurrent disease. IHC features did not differ between malignant & benign pathology significantly. Predictors of malignant pathology included: infiltrative cellular pattern (p = 0.042), nuclear crowding (p = 0.006), tumour necrosis (p 4 mitoses/ 10 high power field (p Conclusion: Because numerous variables analyzed did not predict recurrent di

关键词： Solitary Fibrous Tumour of the Pleura Thoracic Surgery Thoracic Oncology

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