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Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces

Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 685-695页

作者： Nicholas A.W.BROWN David R.WILSON patrick gagnon Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1C 5S7Canada Department of Psychology Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1B 3X9Canada

Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity,allowing them to adjust to varying *** orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster *** sea cucumber's antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum,which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable *** hypothesized that sea cucumbers'antipredator responses would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces,and that behavioral strategies would be flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water *** a natural orange-footed sea cucumber habitat,individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient,allowing us to measure antipredator behavior under different water flow *** placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator *** then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field *** in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change,as would be experienced under deteriorating sea *** responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the ***,antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong ***,our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber.

关键词： behavioral plasticity benthic invertebrate predator-prey interaction reciprocal transplant experiment Solaster endeca.wave environment

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