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Haplotype resolved chromosome level genome assembly of citrus australis reveals disease resistance and other citrus specific genes

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 193-206页

作者： Upuli Nakandala Ardashir Kharabian Masouleh Malcolm wSmith Agnelo Furtado patrick Mason Lena constantin Robert J.Henry Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia ARc centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Bundaberg Research StationBundabergQueensland 4670Australia

Recent advances in genome sequencing and assembly techniques have made it possible to achieve chromosome level reference genomes for *** few genomes have been anchored at the chromosome level and/or are haplotype phased,with the available genomes of varying accuracy and *** now report a phased high-quality chromosome level genome assembly for an Australian native citrus species;citrus australis(round lime)using highly accurate PacBio HiFi long reads,complemented with Hi-c *** with Hi-c integrated assembly resulted in a 331 Mb genome of *** with two haplotypes of nine pseudochromosomes with an N50 of 36.3 Mb and 98.8% genome assembly completeness(BUScO).Repeat analysis showed that more than 50% of the genome contained interspersed *** them,LTR elements were the predominant type(21.0%),of which LTR Gypsy(9.8%)and LTR copia(7.7%)elements were the most abundant repeats.A total of 29464 genes and 32009 transcripts were identified in the *** these,28222 cDS(25753 genes)had BLAST hits and 21401 cDS(75.8%)were annotated with at least one GO *** specific genes for antimicrobial peptides,defense,volatile compounds and acidity regulation were *** synteny analysis showed conserved regions between the two haplotypes with some structural variations in chromosomes 2,4,7 and *** chromosome scale,and haplotype resolved *** genome will facilitate the study of important genes for citrus breeding and will also allow the enhanced definition of the evolutionary relationships between wild and domesticated citrus species.

关键词： citrus citrus breeding

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Development and controversies of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第2期7卷 121-125页

作者： wan-Yee lau Eric c.H.Lai Faculty of Medicine the Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin New TerritoriesHong Kong SAR China

BAcKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Radical surgery provides the only chance for a cure with a 5-year survival rate of 7%-25%. An effective adjuvant therapy is urgently needed to improve the surgical outcome. This review describes the current status of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer, and highlights its controversies. DATA SOURcES: A Medline database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'pancreatic neoplasm', and 'adjuvant therapy'. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Eight prospective randomized controlled trials (RcTs) on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer could be identified. The results for adjuvant regimens based on systemic 5-fluorouracil with or without external radiotherapy were conflicting. The recent two RcTs on gemcitabine based regimen gave promising results. cONcLUSIONS: Based on the available data, no standard adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer can be established yet. The best adjuvant regimen remains to be determined in large-scale RcTs. Future trials should use a gemcitabine based regimen.

关键词： pancreatic neoplasm pancreatectomy adjuvant therapy radiotherapy chemotherapy

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classification of iatrogenic bile duct injury

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第5期6卷 459-463页

作者： wan-Yee lau Eric c.H.Lai Department of Surgery the Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

BAcKGROUND: Iatrogenic bile duct injury continues to be an important clinical problem, resulting in serious morbidity, and occasional mortality, to patients. The ease of management, operative risk, and outcome of bile duct injuries vary considerably, and are highly dependent on the type of injury and its location. This article reviews the various classification systems of bile duct injury. DATA SOURcES: A Medline, PubMed database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'bile duct injury', 'cholecystectomy', and 'classification'. Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Traditionally, biliary injuries have been classified using the Bismuth's classification. This classification, which originated from the era of open surgery, is intended to help the surgeons to choose the appropriate technique for the repair, and it has a good correlation with the final outcome after surgical repair. However, the Bismuth's classification does not encompass the whole spectrum of injuries that are possible. Bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy tends to be more severe than those with open cholecystectomy. Strasberg's classification made Bismuth's classification much more comprehensive by including various other types of extrahepatic bile duct injuries. Our group, Bergman et al, Neuhaus et al, csendes et al, and Stewart et al have also proposed other classification systems to complement the Bismuth's classification. cONcLUSIONS: None of the classification system is universally accepted as each has its own limitation. Hopefully, a universally accepted comprehensive classification system will be published in the near future.

关键词： laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injury bile duct stricture bile leak classification

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Hepatocellular carcinoma: current management and recent advances

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2008年第3期7卷 237-257页

作者： wan-Yee lau Eric c. H. Lai Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR China

BAcKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hcc) is a major health problem worldwide. It is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and the third most common cause of cancer-related death. without specific treatment, the prognosis is very poor. The goal of management is 'cancer control'-a reduction in its incidence and mortality as well as an improvement in the quality of life of patients with Hcc and their families. This article aims to review the current management of Hcc and its recent advances. DATA SOURcES: A MEDLINE database search was performed to identify relevant article using the keywords 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatectomy', 'liver transplantation', and 'local ablative therapy'. Additional papers and book chapters were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles. RESULTS: Liver resection and liver transplantation remain the options that give the best chance of a cure. Recent evidence suggests that local ablative therapy may offer comparable survival results in patients with small Hcc, and preserved liver function. Transarterial chemoembolization (TAcE) is the most promising palliative modality for unresectable Hcc, but other techniques, such as transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and local ablative therapy, have also shown comparable results. cONcLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of Hcc remains a key goal in improving the prognosis of patients. During the last two decades, operative mortality and surgical outcome of liver resection and liver transplantation for Hcc have improved. Progress also has been made in multi-modality therapy which can increase the chance of survival and improve the quality of life for patients with advanced Hcc.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma hepatectomy liver transplantation local ablative therapy

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Global changes explain the long-term demographic trend of the Eurasian common lizard (Squamata: Lacertidae)

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current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 221-228页

作者： Jose L.HORREO patrick S.FITZE Department of Genetics Physiology and MicrobiologyComplutense University of MadridC/Jose Antonio Novais 12Madrid 28040Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology National Museum of Natural Sciences(CSIC)C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2Madrid 28006Spain

The demographic trend of a species depends on the dynamics of its local populations,which can be compromised by local or by global ***,the relevance of local and global phenomena has rarely been investigated ***,we tested whether local phenomena compromised a species'demographic trend using the Eurasian common lizard Zootoca vivipara,the terrestrial reptile exhibiting the widest geographic distribution,as a model *** analyzed the species'ancient demographic trend using genetic data from its 6 allopatric genetic clades and tested whether its demographic trend mainly depended on single clades or on global *** vivipara's effective population size increased since 2.3 million years ago and started to increase steeply and continuously from 0.531 million years *** growth rate exhibited 2 maxima,both occurring during global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern *** population size and growth rate were negatively correlated with global surface temperatures,in line with global parameters driving long-term demographic *** vivipara's ancient demography was neither driven by a single clade,nor by the 2 clades that colonized huge geographic areas after the last *** low importance of local phenomena,suggests that the experimentally demonstrated high sensitivity of this species to short-term ecological changes is a response in order to cope with short-term and local *** suggests that what affected its long-term demographic trend the most,were not these local changes/responses,but rather the important and prolonged global climatic changes and important vegetation changes on the northern hemisphere,including the opening up of the forest by humans.

关键词： ancient demographic trend anthropological activity Bayesian Skyline Plots early humans Eemian interglacial Eurasian common lizard mid-Brunhes event

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Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 513-523页

作者： wenwei che Yumiao Zhang changqing Lin Yik Him Fung Jimmy c.H.Fung Alexis KHlau Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)), and ozone(O_(3)) in Hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 District council constituency Areas(DccAs) in Hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in Hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.

关键词： Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Pollution heterogeneity Urban area

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Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure STEM Undergraduate Students’ comprehensive Educational Process

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Frontiers of Education in china 2019年第4期14卷 575-611页

作者： ZHUANG Tengteng cHEUNG Alan c.K. lau wilfred w.F. TANG Yipeng Department of Educational Administration&Policy Faculty of EducationThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of curriculum and Instruction Faculty of EducationThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina college of Education Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100089China

This study reports the development and validation of an instrument,“Undergraduate STEM Educational Process Questionnaire”(USEPQ)to assess the learning experiences of STEM(science,technology,engineering and mathematics)-major undergraduates from the perspective of a conceptualized comprehensive STEM educational process framework that consists of key essentials such as course learning and instruction,educational environment,assessment methods,and unique STEM *** Factor Analysis and confirmatory Factor Analysis performed on independent samples indicate that the finalized 9-factor,41-item USEPQ possesses a stable factor structure and sound psychometric *** factors of the validated scale are classroom Instruction of courses,Support from Faculty Members,Alternative Assessment Methods,cooperative Learning,Resources and Service,Academic competition,cross-discipline Features of Program courses,connectedness of Program courses,and Examination Difficulty.

关键词： higher education educational process STEM program,measurement instrument development and validation

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Impact of vasculature damage on the outcome of spinal cord injury:a novel collagenase-induced model may give new insights into the mechanisms involved

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第20期9卷 1783-1786页

作者： patrick Losey Daniel c.Anthony Experimental Neuropathology Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

The deleterious effect of vasculature damage on the outcome of spinal cord injury has long been recognized, and numerous clinical studies have shown that the presence of hemorrhage into the spinal cord is directly associated with a poorer neurological outcome. Vascular damage leads to de- creased blood flow to the cord and the release of potentially toxic blood-borne components. Here we consider the mechanisms that may be contributing to hemorrhage-induced damage and discuss the utility of a new model of spinal cord hemorrhage, which was urgently required as most of our current understanding has been extrapolated from intracerebral hemorrhage studies.

关键词： spinal cord injury vasculature hemorrhage animal model collagenase stereotaxic microinjection

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Synthesis Reasoning and Its Application in chinese calligraphy Generation

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自动化学报 2005年第4期31卷 495-509页

作者： XUSong-Hua PANYun-He ZHUANGYue-Ting FRANcISc.M.lau cAD＆cGStateKeyLaboratoryofchina ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China／／ComputerScienceDepartmentYaleUniversityNewHavenConnecticut06500USA cAD＆cGStateKeyLaboratoryofchina ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027China DepartmentofcomputerScience TheUniversityofHongKongHongKongChina

In this paper, we address the demanding task of developing intelligent systems equippedwith machine creativity that can perform design tasks automatically. The main challenge is howto model human beings creativity mathematically and mimic such creativity computationally. wepropose a “synthesis reasoning model” as the underlying mechanism to simulate human beingscreative thinking when they are handling design tasks. we present the theory of the synthesisreasoning model, and the detailed procedure of designing an intelligent system based on the *** o?er a case study of an intelligent chinese calligraphy generation system which we have *** on implementation experiences of the calligraphy generation system as well as a few othersystems for solving real-world problems, we suggest a generic methodology for constructing intelligentsystems using the synthesis reasoning model.

关键词：综合推理模型智能系统设计智能书法方法论

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Antiseptic Efficacy of A Soap Made from Biosurfactants Isolated from Bacillus and Lactobacillus against Pathogenic Bacteria

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 31-58页

作者： Frédéric Yannick Okouakoua christian Aimé Kayath Nicaise Saturnin Mokémiabeka Varelle Bervanie Ngala Elenga Digne Nedjea N’goma-Mona Ndelani Nkalla Lambi Sandra Paola Elenga wilson christ Dieuveil Bayakissa Malanda Rodinet Tsana Junior patrick Sergy Bissoko1 Moïse Doria Kaya-Ongoto Duchel Jeanedvi Kinavouidi Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et Mol&eacute culaire (BCM) Facult&eacute des Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Marien N’gouabi Brazzaville Congo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Avenue de l’Auberge Gascogne Brazzaville Congo

The aim of our study was to use a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus and Lactobacillus isolates as an antiseptic in the formulation of local soap. A total of 60 isolates were characterized by microbiological techniques (30 Bacillus and 30 Lactobacillus) and the ability to produce biosurfactants was demonstrated by a hydrocarbon emulsification index (E24). The emulsification indexes (E24) varied from 9% to 100% for Bacillus and from 33% to 100% for Lactobacillus as well. The antagonistic assay showed that biosurfactants were able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and growth of pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhirium, Shigella boydii and Proteus mirabilis. The biosurfactant consortium (Bioc) from Bacillus consortium and from Lactobacillus was able to inhibit biofilm formation and the pathogens growth. The Bioc was stable to alkaline pH and the temperatures stability of Biosurfactant was ranging from 50°c to 90°c. The soap was made by the cold saponification process using one biosurfactant consortium formulated. This soap has a pH of 10 and showed good cleaning power and good foam stability. Similarly, the soap showed good antiseptic power and disinfection power against all pathogens tested. Handwashing is critical to preventing disease transmission. The persistence of pathogens in waste water was evaluated. The BioS produced showed good disinfection power against all pathogens tested. The valor of reduction on the hands and in the waste water was significantly more than compared to the control soaps used. This soap could be used in the prevention, fighting, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

关键词： Antiseptic Soap Biosurfactants Bacillus Lactobacillus Disinfection Pathogens bacteria

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