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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.O'connor Lucja Fostow.cz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(c1–c7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(c2–c7)revealing a highly modified axis(c2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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Romance of the three domains:how.cladistics transformed the classifi cation of cellular organisms

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Protein & cell 2013年第9期4卷 664-676页

作者： chi-chun Ho Susanna K.P.lau patrick c.Y.woo Department of Microbiology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research centre of Infection and Immunology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina carol Yu centre of Infection The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

cladistics is a biological philosophy that uses genealogi-cal relationship among species and an inferred sequence of divergence as the basis of classifi *** review.critically surveys the chronological development of bio-logical classification from Aristotle through our post-genomic era with a central focus on *** 1957,Julian Huxley coined cladogenesis to denote splitting from *** 1960,the English translation of willi Hennig’s 1950 work,Systematic Phylogenetics,was published,which received strong opposition from phenet-icists,such as numerical taxonomists Peter Sneath and Robert Sokal,and evolutionary taxonomist,Ernst Mayr,and sparked acrimonious debates in *** 1977-1990,carl woese pioneered in using small subunit rRNA gene sequences to delimitate the three domains of cellu-lar life and established major prokaryotic *** has since dominated *** being compatible with modern microbiological observations,*** with unusual phenotypes,restricted expression of charac-teristics and occasionally being uncultivable,increasing recognition of pervasiveness and abundance of horizon-tal gene transfer has challenged relevance and validity of *** mosaic nature of eukaryotic and prokary-otic genomes was also gradually *** the mid-2000s,high-throughput and whole-genome sequencing became routine and complex geneologies of organisms have led to the proposal of a reticulated web of *** genomics only indirectly leads to understanding of func-tional adaptations to ecological niches,computational modeling of entire organisms is underway and the gap between genomics and phenetics may soon be *** are not expected to settle as taxonomic classifi cations shall remain subjective to serve the human scientist,not the classifi ed.

关键词： cladistics phenetics phylogeny classifi ca-tion evolution

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TwAS facilitates gene-scale trait genetic dissection through gene expression,structural variations,and alternative splicing in soybean

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Plant communications 2024年第10期5卷 16-32页

作者： Delin Li Qi wang Yu Tian Xiangguang Lyv Hao Zhang Huilong Hong Huawei Gao Yan-Fei Li chaosen Zhao Jiajun wang Ruizhen wang Jinliang Yang Bin Liu patrick S.Schnable James c.Schnable Ying-Hui Li Li-Juan Qiu The National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement(NFcRI)/Key Laboratory of crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement(MOA)/State Key Laboratory of crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China college of Agriculture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang 330200China Soybean Research Institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin 150086China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

A genome-wide association study(GwAS)identifies trait-associated loci,but identifying the causal genes can be a bottleneck,due in part to slow decay of linkage disequilibrium(LD).A transcriptome-wide association study(TwAS)addresses this issue by identifying gene expression-phenotype associations or integrating gene expression quantitative trait loci with GwAS ***,we used self-pollinated soybean(Glycine max[L.]Merr.)as a model to evaluate the application of TwAS to the genetic dissection of traits in plant species with slow LD *** generated RNA sequencing data for a soybean diversity panel and identified the genetic expression regulation of 29286 soybean *** TwAS solutions were less affected by LD and were robust to the source of expression,identifing known genes related to traits from different tissues and developmental *** novel pod-color gene L2 was identified via TwAS and functionally validated by genome *** introducing a new exon proportion feature,we significantly improved the detection of expression variations that resulted from structural variations and alternative *** a result,the genes identified through our TwAS approach exhibited a diverse range of causal variations,including SNPs,insertions or deletions,gene fusion,copy number variations,and alternative *** this approach,we identified genes associated with flowering time,including both previously known genes and novel genes that had not previously been linked to this trait,providing insights complementary to those from *** summary,this study supports the application of TwAS for candidate gene identification in species with low rates of LD decay.

关键词： eQTLs TwAS structural variation alternative splicing soybean

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Transparency and reporting characteristics of randomized controlled trials with chinese herbal medicine formulas interventions

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第4期18卷 757-761页

作者： Juan wang Dongni Shi Yaochen wang Xuanqi Zhang Han Li Xihong wang Shufeng Luo Lihan Hu Jiashuai Deng Lin Zhang chung Tai lau chung wah cheng Fei Han Ji Li Ping wang Aiping Lyu Zhaoxiang Bian Xuan Zhang Institute for Research and continuing Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityShenzhen518057China chinese EQUATOR centre Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHKSAR999077China School of Traditional chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China School of chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100105China School of chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHKSAR999077China Department of Pediatrics Guang’anmen HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100053China Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100091China centre for chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHKSAR999077China

To enhance the clarity and transparency of reporting in trials involving chineseherbal medicine(cHM)formulas,the cONSORT extension specifically tailored for cHM formulas(cONSORT-cHM Formulas 2017)was introduced in 2017[1].This statement,along with its corresponding checklist,outlines key elements essential for reporting in randomized controlled trials(RcTs)related tothe rationale,design,analysis,and interpretation of interventions using cHM *** cONSORT-cHM Formulas 2017 elaborated on 7 of 25 cONSORT checklist items,namely title,abstract and keywords,backgrounds and objectives,participants,interventions,outcomes,generalizability,and interpretation.

关键词： formulas statement rational

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coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

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world Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： patrick Ssemujju Lubowa Hiram Ndiritu Peter Oketch James Mutua Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Department of Mechanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biomass waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste streams that can be transformed into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The major components of the system include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biomass external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm and a varying operating temperature of 150˚c, 250˚c, 350˚c to 450˚c for 120 minutes. The mass of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm. The results show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚c with a heating rate of 10˚c/min. The Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m3, and a calorific value of 17.5 MJ/kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated compounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the main compounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate material production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technology coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transformation Infrared Analysis

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General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： wen-Xin Hang Yan-chang Yang Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan Fang Lang wang Xing-Hua Qian patrick M.McQuillan Hui Xiong Jian-Hang Leng Zhi-Yong Hu Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Department of cell Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Anesthesiology Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial *** perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and *** this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： Oligodendrocytes General anesthetic agents Neurotoxicity central nervous system Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

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clinical Epidemiology and Surgical Treatment of Spontaneous Perforations of the Terminal Ileum: A Multicentre Study in cameroon

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 311-320页

作者： Eric patrick Savom Richard II Mbele Mahamat Yannick Ekani Boukar Abdal Deudeu cédric Paterson Atangana Fred Dikongue Dikongue Guy Aristide Bang Marc Leroy Guifo Yaoundé General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Yaoundé Teaching Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Perforations of the terminal ileum are a frequent clinical situation and a therapeutic challenge. Surgical treatment is controversial. Several surgical modalities have been proposed and postoperative morbidity and mortality remain high. The aim of this study was to review our experience in the surgical management of perforations of the terminal ileum. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021, in five hospitals in cameroon. Patients’ demographic, clinical presentation, surgical findings and 30-days postoperative outcomes data were collected. Results: we collected 34 files. The sex ratio was 1.4 and the average age was 20.28 years. The average consultation time was 9.1 days. Abdominal pain was present in all our patients. Peritoneal irritation was present in 46 cases (88.5%). The mean time to treatment after admission was 17.5 hours. The perforation was unique in 40 cases (76.9%) and located between 6 and 10 cm from the ileocecal valve in 29 cases (55.8%). Typhoid was the most suspected etiology intraoperatively in 38 cases (73.1%). A simple suture was performed in 18 patients (34.6%), resection with anastomosis in 11 patients (21.2%) and an ileostomy in 5 patients (9.6%). The average length of hospitalization was 21.74 days. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 32.7% and 17.3% respectively. conclusion: Perforations of the terminal ileum are common and affect young people. Surgical procedures are varied. Reducing consultation and care times and respecting treatment principles could improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, which remain high.

关键词： Perforation of the Terminal Ileum Simple Suture Resection Morbidity Mortality

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Shine bright: considerations on the use of fluorescent substrates in living monoaminergic neurons in vitro

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1383-1385页

作者： patrick Schloss Friederike Matth?us Thorsten lau Biochemical Laboratory Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Central Institute of Mental Health Medical Faculty Mannheim

The biogenic monoamines dopamine （DA）, norepinephrine （NE） and serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） are major neuromodulators in the mammalian central nervous system （cNS）. DA containing neurons are found in i） the mesolimbic system in which cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area （VTA） project axons into the amygdala, cortex, hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens; and ii） the nigrostriatal system in which cell bodies located in the substantia nigra pars compacta send their axons into the dorsolateral parts of the striatum （Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007）. The central noradrenergic neurons are concentrated in distinct brainstem nuclei with the locus coeruleus （Lc） being the most prominent nucleus which projects a diffusely arborizing axonal network to most areas of the cNS （Szabadi, 2013）.

关键词： FFN Shine bright considerations on the use of fluorescent substrates in living monoaminergic neurons in vitro

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： carina Hromada patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGcs). However, the use of tNGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGc would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Liver surgery and transplantation in china: Progress and challenges

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Frontiers of Medicine 2007年第1期1卷 1-5页

作者： lau w Y LAI E c H Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SAR.China

From the limited but available information,we traced the history of developments of liver surgery and transplantation in *** surgery first started in the late 1950s in china,and it soon flourished mainly because of the great demand in liver surgery and the emergence of a number of giants in liver *** recognized and honoured the important contributions of these chinese pioneers in portal hypertension,recurrent pyogenic cholangitis,hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation.

关键词： liver surgery transplantation

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