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Effect of Metal Contamination on Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Gate Oxide

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Journal of Semiconductors 2004年第5期25卷 502-507页

作者：王刘坤 Twan Bearda Karine Kenis Sophia Arnauts patrick van Doorne 陈寿面 Paul Mertens Marc Heyns 上海集成电路研发中心上海201203 Interuniversity Microe lectronics Center

The purpose of this work relates to study on the characteristics of ultra thin gate oxide (2 5nm thickness) and the effect of metal Al,Zr,and Ta contamination on *** controlled metallic contamination experiments are carried out by depositing a few ppm contaminated metal and low pH solutions on the *** maximum metal surface concentration is controlled at about 10 12 cm -2 level in order to simulate metal contamination during ultra clean processing.A ramped current stress for intrinsic charge to breakdown measurements with gate injection mode is used to examine the characteristics of these ultra thin gate oxides and the effect of metal contamination on *** is the first time to investigate the influence of metal Zr and Ta contamination on 2 5nm ultra thin gate *** is demonstrated that there is little effect of Al contamination on GOI,while Zr contamination is the most detrimental to GOI,and early breakdown has happened to wafers contaminated by Ta.

关键词： gate oxide integrity metal contamination charge to breakdown ramped current stress MOS capacitor

Is there a role for surgery in stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer?

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中国肺癌杂志 2008年第5期11卷 615-621页

作者： Paul E.van SCHIL Michèle DE WAELE Jeroen M.HENDRIKS patrick R.LAUWERS Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University of Antwerp

The role of surgery in stage ⅢA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) remains *** important prognostic factors are mediastinal downstaging and complete surgical *** restaging techniques exist to evaluate response after induction therapy and these are subdivided into non-invasive,invasive and alternative or minimally invasive *** contrast to imaging or functional studies,remediastinoscopy provides pathological evidence of response after induction *** techn...

关键词： Lung neoplasms Neoplasm staging Induction therapy Mediastinoseopy Postoperative Intraoperative comphations

In situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Diagnostic for Characterization and Performance Test of Catalysts

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2017年第5期30卷 513-520,I0001页

作者： patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou 田振玉中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京100190 中国科学院大学北京100049 马鲁阿大学萨赫拉高等研究院喀麦隆

The present work establishes a systematic approach based on the application of in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） for the investigation of the crystal structure, thermal stability, redox behavior （temperature-programmed reduction/temperatureprogrammed re-oxidation） as well as the catalytic properties of Co3O4 thin films. The syntheses of Co3O4 were achieved by chemical vapor deposition in the temperature range of 400-500℃. The structure analysis of the as-prepared material revealed the presence of two prominent IR bands peaking at 544 cm-1 （υ1） and 650 cm-1 （υ2） respectively, which originate from the stretching vibrations of the Co-O bond, characteristic of the Co3O4 spinel. The lattice stability limit of Co3O4 was estimated to be above 650℃. The redox properties of the spinel structure were determined by integrating the area under the emission bands υ1 and υ2 as a function of the temperature. Moreover, Co3O4 has been successfully tested as a catalyst towards complete oxidation of dimethyl ether below 340 ℃. The exhaust gas analysis during the catalytic process by in situ absorption FTIR revealed that only CO2 and H2O were detected as the final products in the catalytic reaction. The redox behavior suggests that the oxidation of dimethyl ether over Co3O4 follows a Mars-van Krevelen type mechanism. The comprehensive application of in situ FTIR provides a novel diagnostic tool in characterization and performance test of catalysts.

关键词： In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Diagnostic Thermal stability Redox property Catalytic mechanism

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布鲁塞尔Bellerose精品店

现代装饰 2013年第7期 66-71页

作者： patrick van Heurck 谢作标

比利时时尚品牌Bellerose是著名的实用性服装品牌,追求多样化,拒绝单调统一,这一点在他们新设计的布鲁塞尔店得到了十足的体现。此次翻新工作设计师兼店主patrickvan Heuirck说服他的儿子Derek和Cedric Chauvelot参与进来,打造一个些许... 详细信息

比利时时尚品牌Bellerose是著名的实用性服装品牌,追求多样化,拒绝单调统一,这一点在他们新设计的布鲁塞尔店得到了十足的体现。此次翻新工作设计师兼店主patrickvan Heuirck说服他的儿子Derek和Cedric Chauvelot参与进来,打造一个些许混乱却又秩序井然的店面。对他来说,最有趣的设计元素就是恰到好处地运用于墙壁、天花板局部以及童装区的雪松木。

关键词：布鲁塞尔精品服装品牌设计元素设计师比利时多样化天花板

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Cosmetic or Dietary Vegetable Oils Sampled in the Cameroonian Market May Not Expose Consumers to Lipid Oxidation Products Generating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 193-202页

作者： Ferdinand Kouoh Elombo Erika van Damme Clara Delepine David Depraetere Ludovic Chaveriat Paul Lunga Keilah Nico Fréderic Njayou patrick Martin Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Dé partement de Chimie IUT B&#233thune Universit&#233 d&#8217Artois B&#233thune France Unité Transformations & Agroressources (ULR7519) Universit&#232 d&#8217Artois-UniLaSalle Bethune France

Vegetable oils are a source of energy, essential fatty acids, antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins useful for human health care and development. These oils also contribute to organoleptic quality of their products’ derivatives. However, their chemical and physical properties can be modified by the mode of their extraction, storage and distribution. These modifications might negatively affect the nutritional quality of the oils. The goals of this study were to: sample different vegetable oils for cosmetic or dietary use marketed in Cameroon, and verify purity and oxidation states of each kind of oil through determination of its acidity, iodine, peroxide, saponification, refractive indexes and the conformity of the labeling. The carotene content, the level of polar components and specific absorbance were also determined. As the result, six oils namely palm, palm kernel, coconut, black cumin, peanut and shea butter were collected. Apart from labeling, chemicals and physicals parameters analyzed were generally in accordance with the Cameroonian and Codex Alimentarius standard. This study suggests that vegetable oils sampled in the Cameroonian market may not expose consumers to lipid oxidation products generating pathological oxidative stress and inflammation. However, efforts in application of existing standard need to be done as far as labeling are concerned.

关键词： Vegetable Oils Quality Control Labeling Compliance Lipid Oxidation Oxidative Pathology

Newt life after fish introduction： extirpation of paedomorphosis in a mountain fish lake and newt use of satellite pools

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 61-69页

作者： Mathieu DENOEL patrick SCIME Nicola ZAMBELLI Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology Behavioural Biology Unit Department of Biology Ecology andEvolution University of Liege 22 Quai van Beneden 4020 Liege Belgium Via Maestra 3 6930 BedanoSwitzerland Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale V. C. Cattaneo 4 6901 Lugano Switzerland

Fish introduction is one of the main causes of amphibian decline worldwide. It affects particularly rare aquatic phenotypes such as paedomorphs, which retain gills during the adult stage. In this context, we determined whether small wetlands, such as pools surrounding fished and fishless lakes, could sustain paedomorphic and metamorphic newts. To this end, we surveyed lakes known historically to sustain Alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris as well as 35 nearby pools. On the basis of the published records, the only known population exhibiting paedomorphosis in the Swiss AIps was found to be extirpated by salmonid introductions. However, the metamorphs persisted in per- ipheral pools, paedomorphosis was discovered at a new locality, and overwintering larvae were still present in one of the lakes. These results show the importance of conserving varied aquatic habitats such as pools in mountainous environments where the main resources can become un- suitable for amphibians because of fish introductions. Pools may also function as reservoirs in maintaining newt populations until programs to remove fish from lakes can be carried out. It is not known if paedomorphs could reappear after fish removal. However, the combined resilience of am- phibians after fish removal and the genetic basis for paedomorphosis highlighted in other taxa by previous studies suggest that there is the potential to maintain this intraspecific case of diversity even after its disappearance.

关键词： alps amphibian decline fish introduction mountain lake Alpine newt paedomorphosis pool wetland.

Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2017年第1期4卷 92-103页

作者： patrick X.W.ZOU Morshed ALAM van Manh PHUNG Dipika WAGLE Rodney STEWART Edoardo BERTONE Oz SAHIN Chris BUNTINE Department of Civil and Construction Engineering & Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure Swinburne University of Technology Griffith School of Engineering Griffith University Built Environment Aurecon

Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide,for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient,the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments' strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors(e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits,several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government buildingenergy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

关键词： building energy retrofit policy energy efficiency energy performance contract energy auditing

Appadtion of the NAC Transcription Factors Predates the Emergence of Land Plants

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Molecular Plant 2016年第9期9卷 1345-1348页

作者： Aude Maugarny-Cales Beatriz Gonqalves Stefan Jouannic Michael Melkonian Gane Ka-Shu Wonge patrick Laufs Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA AgroParisTech CNRS Universite ParisSaclay RD10 78026 Versailles Cedex France Univ. Pads-Sud Universite Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay France IRD UMR DIADE 911 Avenue Agropolis BP6450134394 Mbntpellier Cedex 5 France LMI RICE IRD USTH National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology Agronomical Genetics Institute Pham Van Dong Road Hanoi Vietnam Botany Department Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne 50674 Cologne Germany Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen Shenzhen 518083 China Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2E9 Canada Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2E Canada These authors contributed equally to this article.

Dear Editor The NAC （for NO APICAL MERISTEM [NAM], Arabidopsis TRANSCRII^TION ACTIVATOR FACTOR [ATAF] and CUP- SHAPED COTYLEDON [CUC]） proteins are one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factors （Nagata et aL, 2015）. They are involved in many different biological processes including development and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, NAC transcription factors have only been identified in land plants （Zhu et al., 2012; Nagata et al., 2015）; and some of them control land-plant-specific processes, such as the formation of specialized water-conducting systems （Xu et al., 2014）. Therefore, it has been suggested that their appearance accompanied the emergence of land plants. Here, we exploited the transcriptomic data generated within the 1000 plants project （***, Wickett et al., 2014） to revisit the origin of NAC proteins. Our careful analysis shows that NAC transcription factors appeared before the ernergence of land plants as we detected their homologs in several groups of streptophyte green algae. The possible significance of this finding is discussed.

关键词： @@

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跨大西洋服务自由贸易谈判的动因

中国贸易救济 2009年第10期 7-9页

作者： patrick A．MesserIin Erik van der Marel

开放受保护的服务贸易市场将给美国、欧盟和约占全球国内生产总值1／3的其他八大经济体的消费者带来巨大利益。本文建议美国和欧盟应启动可以触发多边自由贸易谈判的跨大西洋服务自由贸易谈判。服务供应商正在忙于重新制定其经营战略以... 详细信息

开放受保护的服务贸易市场将给美国、欧盟和约占全球国内生产总值1／3的其他八大经济体的消费者带来巨大利益。本文建议美国和欧盟应启动可以触发多边自由贸易谈判的跨大西洋服务自由贸易谈判。服务供应商正在忙于重新制定其经营战略以应对不断蔓延的全球经济危机给其带来的巨大挑战。为作出正确的经营战略决策，

关键词：自由贸易谈判服务贸易市场跨大西洋经营战略决策国内生产总值全球经济危机服务供应商消费者