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Small activating RNA delivery in vivo:Challenges,prospects,and lessons learned from siRNA delivery

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8990-9002页

作者： Shalini Pandey patrick t.Bednarz Matthias A.Oberli Omid Veiseh Department of Bioengineering William Marsh Rice UniversityHouston 77030USA Xibus Systems 199 Dexter AveWatertown 02472USA

Over the last two decades,small activating RNAs(saRNAs)have quickly moved from discovery to clinical *** as 20 nucleotide long,double stranded RNA,saRNAs have the unique ability to increase gene transcription at the chromatin *** therapeutic modality has great potential as a safe and redosable alternative to gene therapy by increasing target protein expression without changing the genetic *** describe the successful in vivo saRNA delivery vectors and found that similar to small interfering RNA(siRNA)and mRNA targeting tissues outside the liver works best at the end of a *** highlight nanoparticle vectors and RNA-conjugates,where some success has been reported for non-hepatic delivery of saRNAaptamers.

关键词： small activating RNA hepatic bias lipid nanoparticles RNA-conjugates

Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (Mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater

ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenmoe Jacques Richard Mache Elie Acayanka Dick Hartmann Douma Ralph Gebauer patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Simulations Numériques en Magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo the Abdus Salam International Centre for theoretical Physics(ICtP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FtIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(SEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−teller(BEt)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn_(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).the optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated t90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).this observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFt)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel Manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation Methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism Mars−van Krevelen route two−term process

Proposal of a Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Reactor Intended for a Large Power Plant

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and technology 2024年第1期14卷 1-58页

作者： patrick Lindecker Independent Researcher Maisons-Alfort France

this article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JEt, ItER…) only the Deuterium-tritium (D-t) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a D-D reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a D-t reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the D-D fusion compared to the D-t fusion, a D-D reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a D-D power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A D-D reactor would be less complex than a D-t reactor as it is not necessary to obtain tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. the working of this reactor is continuous. It is reminded that the Deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy. thanks to secondary fusions (D-t and D-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). the mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21% of the thermal power issued from the D-D reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. the goal of the article is to create a physical model of the D-D reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such D-D reactor for different net electrical powers. the difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future D-He3 reactor, if any.

关键词： Fusion Reactor Deuterium-Deuterium Reactor Catalyzed D-D Colliding Beams Stellarator Reactor Power Plant

Advanced wind turbine blade inspection with hyperspectral imaging and 3D convolutional neural networks for damage detection

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 528-537页

作者： patrick Rizk Frederic Rizk Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi Adrian Ilinca Rafic Younes Jihan Khoder Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresDrummondvilleQCCanada Centre national intégrédu manufacturier intelligent(CNIMI) Universitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresDrummondvilleQCCanada Department of Mathematics Computer Science and EngineeringUniversitédu QuébecàRimouski300 allée des UrsulinesRimouskiQCG5L3A1Canada the Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLAUSA t3E Industrial Research Group Mechanical Engineering DepartmentÉcole de Technologie Supérieure1100 Notre-Dame St WMontréalQC H3C 1K3Canada Faculty of Engineering Third BranchLebanese UniversityHadathBeirutLebanon LISV Laboratory University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines10-12 Avenue de l'Europe78140VélizyFrance

In the context of global efforts to mitigate climate change by pursuing sustainable energy sources, wind energy has emerged as a critical contributor. However, the wind energy industry faces substantial challenges in maintaining and preserving the integrity of wind turbine blades. timely and accurate detection and classification of blade faults, encompassing issues such as cracks, erosion, and ice buildup, are imperative to uphold wind turbines' ongoing efficiency and safety. this study introduces an inventive approach that amalgamates hyperspectral imaging and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to augment the precision and efficiency of wind turbine blade fault detection and classification. Hyperspectral imaging is harnessed to capture comprehensive spectral information from blade surfaces, facilitating exact fault identification. the process is streamlined through Incremental Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), reducing data dimensions while maintaining integrity. the 3D CNN model demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving high accuracy in detecting all fault categories in full-band hyperspectral images. the model retains high accuracy even with dimensionality reduction to 20 spectral bands. the reduced processing time of the 20-band image enhances the practicality of real-world applications, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance expenditures. this research represents a significant advancement in wind turbine blade inspection, contributing to the sustainability and dependability of wind energy systems and furthering the cause of a cleaner and more sustainable energy future as part of the broader fight against climate change.

关键词： blade thereby turbine

Characterization of Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoir AA-01 of KOKA Field in the Niger Delta Basin for Sustainable Sub-Sea Carbon Dioxide Storage

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第3期23卷 544-564页

作者： patrick A.Eigbe Olatunbosun O.Ajayi Olabode t.Olakoyejo Adekunle O.Adelaja Department of Mechanical Engineering University of LagosAkokaLagos State100213Nigeria Department of Aerospace Engineering Lagos State UniversityEpe CampusLagos State106101Nigeria

this study characterized the AA-01 depleted hydrocarbon reservoir in the KOKA field, Niger Delta, using a multidimensional approach. this investigation involved data validation analysis, evaluation of site suitability for CO_(2) storage, and compositional simulation of hydrocarbon components. the primary objective was to determine the initial components and behavior of the hydrocarbon system required to optimize the injection of CO_(2) and accompanying impurities, establishing a robust basis for subsequent sequestration efforts in the six wells in the depleted KOKA AA-01 reservoir. the process, simulated using industry software such as ECLIPSE, PVti, SCAL, and Petrel, included a compositional fluid analysis to confirm the pressure volume temperature(PVt) hydrocarbon phases and components. this involved performing a material balance on the quality of the measured data and matching the initial reservoir pressure with the supplied data source. the compositional PVt analysis adopted the Peng–Robinson equation of state to model fluid flow in porous media and estimate the necessary number of phases and components to describe the system accurately. Results from this investigation indicate that the KOKA AA-01 reservoir is suitable for CO_(2)sequestration. this conclusion is based on the reservoir's good quality, evidenced by an average porosity of 0.21 and permeability of 1 111.0 mD, a measured lithological depth of 9 300 ft, and characteristic reservoir – seal properties correlated from well logs. the study confirmed that volumetric behavior predictions are directly linked to compositional behavior predictions, which are essential during reservoir initialization and data quality checks. Additionally, it highlighted that a safe design for CO_(2) storage relies on accurately representing multiphase behaviour across wide-ranging pressure–temperature–composition conditions.

关键词： Carbon capture CO_(2)sequestration Geological storage Geo-mechanical modeling Multiphase flow Niger Delta

Activating Ru in the pyramidal sites of Ru_(2)P-type structures with earth-abundant transition metals for achieving extremely high HER activity while minimizing noble metal content

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Carbon Energy 2024年第9期6卷 80-92页

作者： Sayed M.El-Refaei Patrícia A.Russo thorsten Schultz Zhe-Ning Chen patrick Amsalem Norbert Koch Nicola Pinna Department of Chemistry and the Center for the Science of Materials Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Mülheim an der RuhrGermany Institut für Physik and Center for the Science of Materials Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH BerlinGermany State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouChina

Rational design of efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts to enable large-scale hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting is of great significance,yet a challenging ***,Ru atoms in the Ru_(2)P structure were replaced with M=Co,Ni,or Mo to produce M_(2-x)Ru_(x)P *** metals show strong site preference,with Co and Ni occupying the tetrahedral sites and Ru the square pyramidal sites of the CoRuP and NiRuP Ru_(2)P-type *** presence of Co or Ni in the tetrahedral sites leads to charge redistribution for Ru and,according to density functional theory calculations,a significant increase in the Ru d-band *** a result,the intrinsic activity of CoRuP and NiRuP increases considerably compared to Ru_(2)P in both acidic and alkaline *** effect is not observed for MoRuP,in which Mo prefers to occupy the pyramidal *** particular,CoRuP shows state-of-the-art activity,outperforming Ru_(2)P with Pt-like activity in 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)(η10=12.3 mV;η100=52 mV;turnover frequency(tOF)=4.7 s^(-1)).It remains extraordinarily active in alkaline conditions(η10=12.9 mV;η100=43.5 mV)with a tOF of 4.5 s^(-1),which is 4x higher than that of Ru_(2)P and 10x that of Pt/*** increase in the Co content does not lead to drastic loss of activity,especially in alkaline medium,where,for example,the tOF of Co_(1.9)Ru_(0.1)P remains comparable to that of Ru_(2)P and higher than that of Pt/C,highlighting the viability of the adopted approach to prepare cost-efficient catalysts.

关键词： electrocatalysis ruthenium phosphide transition metal phosphonates

Acetabular cup size trends in total hip arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 39-44页

作者： Daniel patrick McKenna Alex Price timothy McAleese Darren Dahly Paul McKenna May Cleary Department of trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospital WaterfordWaterford X91 ER8EIreland Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College CorkCork T12 XF62Ireland

BACKGROUND total hip arthroplasty(tHA)is a common procedure for end stage *** learning curve for tHA is complex and *** of the most difficult skills to master is acetabular *** wish to identify if experience in arthroplasty leads to preservation of more bone *** to investigate if increasing surgeon experience will predict an ever decreasing acetabular cup *** A retrospective case series of four attending orthopaedic surgeons was *** uncemented elective total hip arthroplasties since appointment were selected for *** size of acetabular cup used was noted and logistic regression was used to identify if a trend to smaller cups *** A total of 1614 subjects were included with a mean age of 64 *** cups were on average 0.18mm smaller per year(95%confidence interval-0.25 to-0.11,Ptrends showed cup sizes to decrease 0.27 mm/year for surgeon A,0.02 mm/year for surgeon B,0.15 mm/year for surgeon C and 0.29 mm/year for surgeon *** of the four surgeons had a more pronounced trend to smaller cups for male subjects than their female *** We found increasing surgeon experience to be associated with an ever-decreasing acetabular cup *** acetabular cup size may act as a surrogate marker of surgical proficiency by virtue of decreased acetabular reaming.

关键词： Hip Arthroplasty Acetabulum Cup Learning

Investigation of Acoustomagnetoelectric Effect in Bandgap Graphene by the Boltzmann transport Equation

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2024年第1期14卷 10-20页

作者： Raymond Edziah Samuel S. Bentsiefi Kwadwo Dompreh Anthony twum Emmanuel Kofi Amewode patrick Mensah-Amoah Ebenezer t. tatchie Cynthia Jebuni-Adanu Samuel Y. Mensah Department of Physics University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Physics Education University of Education Winneba Ghana

We study the acoustomagnetoelectric (AME) effect in two-dimensional graphene with an energy bandgap using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation within the hypersound regime, (where represents the acoustic wavenumber and is the mean free path of the electron). the Boltzmann transport equation and other relevant equations were solved analytically to obtain an expression for the AME current density, consisting of longitudinal and Hall components. Our numerical results indicate that both components of the AME current densities display oscillatory behaviour. Furthermore, geometric resonances and Weiss oscillations were each defined using the relationship between the current density and Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) frequency and the inverse of the applied magnetic field, respectively. Our results show that the AME current density of bandgap graphene, which can be controlled to suit a particular electronic device application, is smaller than that of (gapless) graphene and is therefore, more suited for nanophotonic device applications.

关键词： Boltzmann transport Equation Acoustomagnetoelctric Effect Surface Acoustic Wave Gapless Graphene Weiss Oscillations

High formability Mg-Zn-Gd wire facilitates ACL reconstruction via its swift degradation to accelerate intra-tunnel endochondral ossification

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 295-315页

作者： Xuan He Ye Li Hongwei Miao Jiankun Xu Michael tim-yun Ong Chenmin Wang Lizhen Zheng Jiali Wang Le Huang Haiyue Zu Zhi Yao Jie Mi Bingyang Dai Xu Li patrick Shu-hang Yung Guangyin Yuan Ling Qin Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics&traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug translational Research Laboratory of Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming School of Materials Science&EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Orthopaedics and traumatology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Orthopaedic Department Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing *** good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during ***,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are *** rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-Ct,histology,and mechanical *** SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying *** tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical ***-Ct shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing *** mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 *** SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)*** results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and tGFβ3 and type II collagen at the late phase of *** vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate *** vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon *** conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft *** degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.

关键词： Magnesium wire ACL reconstruction Magnesium alloy Biomaterials Endochondral ossification