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Effects of experimental season of prescribed fire and nutrient addition on structure and function of previously grazed grassland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 576-584页

作者： Elizabeth H.Boughton patrick J.Bohlen Julia H.Maki MacArthur Agro-ecology Research Center 300 Buck Island Ranch RoadLake PlacidFL 33852USA University of Central Florida Biology 4110 Libra DriveOrlandoFL 32816USA School of natural Resources and Environment University of Florida103 Black HallPO Box 116455GainesvilleFL 32611USA

Aims Understanding the drivers of grassland structure and function fol-lowing livestock removal will inform grassland restoration and ***,we investigated the effects of fire and nutri-ent addition on structure and function in a subtropical semi-native grassland recently released from grazing in south-central *** examined responses of soil nutrients,plant tissue nutrients,bio-mass of live,standing dead and litter,and plant species composi-tion to experimental annual prescribed fire applied during different seasons(wet season *** season),and nutrient additions(n,P and n+P)over 9 *** Experimental plots were set up in a randomized block split-plot design,with season of prescribed fire as the main treatment and nutrient addition as the subplot *** cover data were collected annually from 2002 to 2011 and plant tissue and plant biomass data were collected in 2002-2006 and *** nutrients were analyzed in 2004,2006 and *** Findings Soil total phosphorus(P)levels increased substantially with P addition but were not influenced by prescribed *** of P and n led to increased P and n concentrations in live plant tissues,but prescribed fire reduced n in live *** of tissue n were higher in all plots at the beginning of the exper-iment,an effect that was likely due to grazing activity prior to removal of *** tissue n steadily declined over time in all plots,with annually burned plots declining faster than unburned *** fire was an important driver of standing dead and litter biomass and was important for main-taining grass biomass and percent *** addition was also important:the addition of both n and P was associated with greater live biomass and woody *** of grazing,lack of prescribed fire,and addition of n+P led to a reduction of grass biomass and a large increase in biomass of a woody *** prescribed fire promoted n loss from the system by reducing

关键词： grassland nutrient enrichment nutrient limitation prescribed fire productivity

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Differential expression of cholangiocyte and ileal bile acid transporters following bile acid supplementation and depletion

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第10期10卷 1440-1446页

作者： n.Sertac Kip Konstantinos n.Lazaridis Anatoliy I.Masyuk patrick L.Splinter Robert C.Huebert nicholas F.LaRusso Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMayo Medical SchoolClinic and FoundationRochesterMN 55905USA

AIM: We have previously demonstrated that cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining intrahepatic bile ducts,encode two functional bile acid transporters via alternative splicing of a single gene to facilitate bile acid vectorial transport. Cholangiocytes possess ASBT,an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter to take up bile acids,and t-ASBT,a basolateral alternatively spliced and truncated form of ASBT to efflux bile *** hepatocyte and ileal bile acid transporters are in part regulated by the flux of bile acids, the effect of alterations in bile acid flux on the expression of t-ASBT in terminal ileocytes remains ***,we tested the hypothesis that expression of ASBT and t-ASBT in cholangiocytes and ileocytes was regulated by bile acid flux. METHODS: Expression of ASBT and t-ASBT message and protein in cholangiocytes and ileocytes isolated from pair- fed rats given control (C) and 1% taurocholate (TCA) or 5% cholestyramine (CY) enriched diets,were assessed by both quantitative Rnase protection assays and quantitative *** data obtained from each of the control groups were pooled to reflect the changes observed following TCA and CY treatments with respect to the control diets. Cholangiocyte taurocholate uptake was determined using a novel microperfusion technique on intrahepatic bile duct units (IBDUs) derived from C,TCA and CY fed rats. RESULTS: In cholangiocytes,both ASBT and t-ASBT message RnA and protein were significantly decreased in response to TCA feeding compared to C *** contrast, message and protein of both bile acid transporters significantly increased following CY feeding compared to C *** the ileum,TCA feeding significantly up-regulated both ASBT and t-ASBT message and protein compared to C diet,while CY feeding significantly down-regulated message and protein of both bile acid transporters compared to C *** anticipated from alterations in cholangiocyte ASBT expression,the uptake of taurocholate in microp

关键词： Cholestyramine dosage Ileum Taurocholic Acid Alternative Splicing Animals Bile Ducts Diet Eating Epithelial Cells Gene Expression Regulation Male Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent Protein Isoforms Rats Rats, Inbred F344 Symporters

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Design of(GO/TiO2)n one-dimensional photonic crystal photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第6期27卷 830-839页

作者： Huan-huan Wang Wen-xiu Liu Jing Ma Qian Liang Wen Qin patrick Osei Lartey Xiao-jiang Feng Institute of new Carbon Materials Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Zhongguancun Institute of Human Settlements Engineering and Materials Beijing 100083China

(GO/TiO2)n(GO represents graphene oxide,and n represents the period number of alternate superposition of two dielectrics)onedimensional photonic crystal with different lattice constants was prepared via the sol–gel technique,and its transmission characteristics for photocatalysis were *** results show that the lattice constant,filling ratio,number of periodic layers,and incident angle had effects on the band *** the lattice constant,filling ratio,number of periodic layers,and incident angle were set to 125 nm,0.45,21,and 0°,respectively,a gap width of 53 nm appeared at the central wavelength(322 nm).The absorption peak of the photocatalyst at 357 nm overlapped the blue edge of the photonic band gap.A slow photon effect region above 96%reflectivity *** degradation rate of tetracycline in(GO/TiO2)n photonic crystal was enhanced to 64%within 60 ***,the degradation efficiency of(GO/TiO2)n one-dimensional photonic crystal was effectively improved compared with those of the GO/TiO2 composite film and GO/TiO2 powder.

关键词： one-dimensional photonic crystal translight software transmission characteristics photocatalytic performance slow photon effect

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Evaluating Anaerobic Digestion Technology in Reducing the Quantity of Solid Waste: Case of Kigali Dumpsite

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第5期8卷 204-220页

作者： nikuze Marie Joselyne Muthumbi Waweru Ayub n. Gitau Uliho Alphonse Munyensanga patrick Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatics Engineering University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi China Department of Mechanical Engineering Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Biodegradable organic matter constitutes a great portion of Municipal solid waste and comprises organic material which can be broken down by bacteria like paper, card, green waste, food waste, miscellaneous items with an organic element and fine materials. This paper mainly evaluated the potential of anaerobic digestion technology in reducing the quantity of solid waste destined to the dumpsite in Kigali city. The paper evaluates the viability of using biodegradable waste meant to the land where the biogas is produced and undertaking its cost & benefit analysis for chemical, physical and biological characteristics of municipal solids waste on anaerobic digestion technology. The quantity of municipal waste generated in Kigali city was used for designing the biodigester required. The paper indicates that the organic waste in Kigali city produces 457 L/kg DM of methane and the overall assessed value of methane was 51,384,375 L with the electricity derived from the methane of 180,873 KWh which is 54% of the daily demand in Kigali city. The volume of the biodigester was found to be 58,065 m3. Based on the energy recovered, revealed that cities will benefit this research for the population demand for the increased electricity.

关键词： Anaerobic Digestion Technology Biodegradable Waste Kigali Dumpsite Mu-nicipal Solid Waste Waste to Energy

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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo Jan F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael J.Lawes patrick A.Omeja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale national Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

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