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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： patrick m.jagielski Jennifer R.Foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type

Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： marie-Luise Contala patrick Krapf Florian m.Steiner Birgit C.Schlick-Steiner molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

Trombe walls with porous medium insertion and their influence on thermal comfort in flats in Cusco,Peru

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 194-210页

作者： patrick Facelli Sanchez Lisset mercado Hancco Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Architecture and Civil EngineeringUniversidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco08003 CuscoPeru

The Trombe wall is a passive indirect heating system which should be used in Cusco,Peru to improve thermal conditions against the typical frosts and low temperatures during winter in the high Andean *** to this problem,the use of a modified Trombe wall with insertion of porous medium is proposed to improve thermal comfort in flat buildings in *** research aims to analyse and compare the performance of dwellings without Trombe wall,with traditional Trombe wall,and with Trombe wall with glass and plastic pellets insertion in thermal comfort ***■CFD was used to simulate and analyse the *** simulation was performed with three prototype flats(55 m^(2),75 m^(2) and 95 m^(2))for six months of the *** the results obtained,the level of thermal comfort in the traditional scenarios is low with an average PmV of-1.86,in the scenarios with Trombe wall is good and in the scenarios with Trombe wall with insertion of porous medium is slightly better than the previous one,reaching an average PmV of+0.10 and a temperature of 21.90℃.The study carried out is important because it represents an efficient eco-sustainable heating alternative that improves the thermal comfort sensation in houses during the coldest months of the year.

关键词： Trombe wall thermal comfort porous medium residential buildings computational fluid dynamics

Impact of multifocal gas-permeable lens designs on short-term choroidal response, axial length, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： muteb Alanazi patrick Caroline Amane Alshamrani maria Liu Optometry Department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia College of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIm:To investigate the impact of multifocal gas permeable contact lens(mFGPCL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term changes of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial length(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young ***:Seventeen young adults(2 males and 15 females;age 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assigned to wear two designs binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four mFGPCL designs were *** designs were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;design A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of mFGPCL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using a spectraldomain optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all Pm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening associated with *** designs induced significant relative peripheral myopia(RPm)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(PmFGPCLs show a significant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with significant increase in RPm after short-term *** reliability and feasibility of quantifying short-term changes in ChT support its use as a promising marker for the long-term efficacy of myopia-controlling treatments.

关键词： choroid gas-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial length myopia

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1299-1307页

作者： Yanchang Yang Tiantian Liu Jun Li Dandan Yan Yuhan Hu Pin Wu Fuquan Fang patrick m.mcQuillan Wenxin Hang Jianhang Leng Zhiyong Hu Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Cell Biology Department Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial *** studies,however,have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or *** can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative,analgesic,and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive ***,we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes,and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes,in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface,which not only affect Ca^(2+)signaling,inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes,but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflammatory processes of *** would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons,other neuroglia,and vascular *** this review,we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes,and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous *** hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： astrocytes brain-derived neurotrophic factor general anesthetic agents neuron neurotoxicity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor perioperative neurocognition Toll-like receptor γ-aminobutyric acid receptor

Lineaperpetua ***.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 277-290页

作者： Pan YU Lin YANG Qingmin YOU John patrick KOCIOLEK Kangyu WANG Yonghong BI Quanxi WANG College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoUCB 218Boulder CO 80309USA

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua ***,You,Kociolek&Wang is *** features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal ***,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of *** in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to *** the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other *** molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

关键词： diatom morphology new genus phylogeny taxonomy Thalassiosiraceae

Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater

ChemPhysmater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenmoe Jacques Richard mache Elie Acayanka Dick Hartmann Douma Ralph Gebauer patrick mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Department of mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Simulations Numériques en magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(SEm)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(mn^(4+),mn_(3)+,and mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the mesoporous mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism mars−van Krevelen route Two−term process

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： Wen-Xin Hang Yan-Chang Yang Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan Fang Lang Wang Xing-Hua Qian patrick m.mcQuillan Hui Xiong Jian-Hang Leng Zhi-Yong Hu Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Department of Cell Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Anesthesiology Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial *** perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and *** this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： Oligodendrocytes General anesthetic agents Neurotoxicity Central nervous system Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

Smoking cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen m Wixted Thorsten markus Seyler William A Jiranek michael Paul Bolognesi Sean patrick Ryan Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcomes.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on average 61-years-old,60%(n=22)women,with an average body mass index of 30 kg/m^(2).The average follow-up time was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed complete abstinence from tobacco use prior to *** cessation methods were used perioperatively including prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacement(18.9%),cessation programs(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco smokers reported complete *** who were able to maintain cessation postoperatively had improved Patient-Reported Outcomes measurement Information System(PROmIS)-10 mental health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients undergoing elective TJA nearly 3 years *** undergoing TJA who were able to remain abstinent had improved PROmIS-10 mental health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco smokers with cessation efforts and improve postoperative outcomes.

关键词： Smoking cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcomes Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice markus Kurz patrick mai Leon Robertz Kevin Bill Timothy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Department of mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and marker data were collected synchronously *** moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1%of *** was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism,providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending moments Gradient musculoskeletal modeling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors