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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 732-737页

作者： Byron L. Candole patrick j. conner Pingsheng j. Horticulture Department University of Georgia-Tifton Campus Tifton USA Plant Pathology Department University of Georgia Athens USA

A mixture of six Georgia isolates of Phytophthora capsici (Leon.), the causal agent of phytophthora blight, were used for greenhouse mass screening of over 700 accessions of Capsicum annuum for both stem blight and foliar blight. From this screening, it was determined that resistance to both forms of the disease were relatively common in the germplasm, but resistance to one form of the disease was not strongly correlated to resistance to the other form. Ten accessions previously shown to possess root rot resistance were tested for resistance to stem rot and leaf blight, and were found to also be highly resistant to these forms of the disease. It appears that single accessions have resistance to foliar, stem and root rot caused by P. capsici, which may simplify breeding for resistance to all three forms of the disease.

关键词： Pepper Phytophthora Blight Root Rot Stem Blight Foliar Blight

The disease reactions of heirloom bell pepper “California Wonder” to <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 417-424页

作者： Byron L. Candole patrick j. conner Cecilia McGregor Vickie Waters Pingsheng j. Horticulture Department University of Georgia Tifton Campus Tifton USA Horticulture Department University of Georgia Athens USA Plant Pathology Department University of Georgia Athens USA

Greenhouse studies were performed to determine the reactions of 10 “California Wonder” (Capsicum annuum) accessions to the three forms of Phytophthora blight (root rot, stem blight and foliar blight) caused by Phytophthora capsici. Differences in root rot, stem blight and foliar blight severities among accessions were significant. The accessions consistently differentiated into two groups across the three disease syndromes. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers showed variability both within and between accessions of California Wonder. The variability in the responses to the three forms of Phytophthora blight does not warrant its usefulness as a standard susceptible control in studies involving the Capsicum-P. capsici patho-system.

关键词： Pepper Phytophthora Blight Root Rot Stem Blight Foliar Blight SSR

On the Dirichlet form of three-dimensional Brownian motion conditioned to hit the origin

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第8期62卷 1477-1492页

作者： patrick j. Fitzsimmons Liping Li Department of Mathematics University of California at San Diego San Diego CA 92093-0112 USA RCSDS HCMS Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Our concern in this paper is the energy form induced by an eigenfunction of a self-adj.int extension of the restriction of the Laplace operator to C_c^∞(R^3\j.).We will prove that this energy form is a regular Dirichlet form with core C_c^∞(R^3).The associated diffusion X behaves like a 3-dimensional Brownian motion with a mild radial drift when far from 0,subj.ct to an ever-stronger push toward 0 near that *** particular,j.is not a polar set with respect to *** diffusion X is rotation invariant,and admits a skew-product representation before hittingj.:its radial part is a diffusion on(0,∞)and its angular part is a time-changed Brownian motion on the sphere S^*** radial part of X is a"reflected"extension of the radial part of X^0(the part process of X before hittingj.).Moreover,X is the unique reflecting extension of X^0,but X is not a semi-martingale.

关键词： Dirichlet form reflected extension rotationally invariant process Fukushima’s decomposition

What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them？

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 363-374页

作者： j.hn C. WINGFIELD j. patrick KELLEY Frederic ANGELIER Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 U.S.A

Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two maj.r ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present maj.r bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve：（a） modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, （b） reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or （c） a combination of （a） and （b）. Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins （CBP） buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes （11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants） can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 363-374, 2011].

关键词： Extreme environment Habitat configuration Glucocorticoids Stress response Corticosteroid-binding proteins Behavior

Geoparks： Celebrating Earth heritage, sustaining Local communities

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Episodes 2005年第4期28卷 274-278页

作者： patrick j. Mc Keever Nickolas Zouros Geological Survey of Northern Ireland Colby House Stranmillis Court Belfast BT9 5BF Ireland. Department of Geography University of the Aegean University Hill Mytilene GR-81100 Hellenic Republic.

For too long Earth Science has been the poor relative to Natural Sciences when it comes to conservation, preservation and public promotion. Today, however, in 25 territories across Europe, a combination of Earth Scientists, economists, professional marketers and local people are working together to promote the geological heritage of their areas. These European Geoparks not only advance the protection of their geological heritage but they also use it, in a truly sustainable way, to promote the economic well-being of the people who live there. With the full endorsement of UNESCO, this concept of geoparks is spreading to other parts of the world and is rapidly developing into a global concept. This article looks in detail at the geopark idea -- exactly what geoparks are, how they function, and what benefits they can bring both to geology and to the public.

关键词：地质公园地貌地质条件生态系统地质多样性

A remark on Kac's scattering length formula

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Science China Mathematics 2013年第2期56卷 331-338页

作者： FITZSIMMONS patrick j. HE Ping YING j.anGang Department of Mathematics University of California at San Diego Department of Applied Mathematics Shanghai University of Finance and Economics School of Mathematics Fudan University

The scattering length formula was formulated and proved in special cases by Kac in 1974 and *** was discussed by a series of authors,including Taylor 1976,Tamura 1992 and Takahashi *** formula was proved by Takeda 2010 in symmetric case and by He 2011 assuming weak *** this article,we shall use the powerful tool of Kutznetsov measures to prove this formula in the general framework of right Markov processes without further assumptions.

关键词： scattering length Kuznetsov measure capacity

Early Cretaceous Tectonics and Evolution of the Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 847-857页

作者： WU Zhenhan ZHAO Zhen patrick j. BAROSH YE Peisheng Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China P.j. Barosh andAssociates 103 Aaron Ave. Bristol RI 02809 USA Institute of Geomechanies Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Selected geological data on Early Cretaceous strata, structures, magmatic plutons and volcanic rocks from the Kunlun to Himalaya Mountains reveal a new view of the Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonics and the related geodynamic movement of the Tibetan Plateau. Two maj.r paleo- oceans, the Mid-Tethys Ocean between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks, and the Neo-Tethys Ocean between the Lhasa and Himalayan blocks, existed in the Tibetan region in the Early Cretaceous. The Himalayan Marginal and South Lhasa Seas formed in the southern and northern margins of the Neo- Tethys Ocean, the Central Tibet Sea and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea formed in the southern and northern margins of the Mid-Tethys Ocean, respectively. An arm of the sea extended into the southwestern Tarim basin in the Early Cretaceous. Early Cretaceous intensive thrusting, magmatic emplacement and volcanic eruptions occurred in the central and northern Lhasa Block, while strike- slip formed along the Hoh-Xil and South Kunlun Faults in the northern Tibetan region. Early Cretaceous tectonics together with magmatic K20 geochemistry indicate an Early Cretaceous southward subduction of the Mid-Tethys Oceanic Plate along the Bangoin-Nuj.ang Suture which was thrust ~87 km southward during the Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic. No intensive thrust and magmatic emplacement occurred in the Early Cretaceous in the Himalayan and southern Lhasa Blocks, indicating that the spreading Neo-Tethys Oceanic Plate had not been subducted in the Early Cretaceous. To the north, terrestrial basins of red-beds formed in the Hoh-Xil, Kunlun, Qilian and the northeastern Tarim blocks in Early Cretaceous, and the Qiangtang Marginal Sea disappeared after the Qiangtang Block uplifted in the late Early Cretaceous.

关键词： Early Cretaceous paleo-tectonics subduction of the oceanic plate K20 geochemistry of granites Bangoin-Nuj.ang Suture the Tibetan Plateau

Anti-bat tiger moth sounds:Form and function

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 358-369页

作者： Aaron j.CORCORAN William E.conner j.sse R.BARBER Department of Biology Wake Forest University Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State University

The night sky is the venue of an ancient acoustic battle between echolocating bats and their insect prey. Many tiger moths （Lepidoptera： Arctiidae） answer the attack calls of bats with a barrage of high frequency clicks. Some moth species use these clicks for acoustic aposematism and mimicry, and others for sonar j.mming, however, most of the work on these defensive functions has been done on individual moth species. We here analyze the diversity of structure in tiger moth sounds liom 26 spe- cies collected at three locations in North and South America. A principal components analysis of the anti-bat tiger moth sounds reveals that they vary markedly along three axes：（1） frequency, （2） duty cycle （sound production per unit time） and frequency modulation, and （3） modulation cycle （clicks produced during flexion and relaxation of the sound producing tymbal） structure. Tiger moth species appear to cluster into two distinct groups： one with low duty cycle and few clicks per modulation cycle that supports an acoustic aposematism function, and a second with high duty cycle and many clicks per modulation cycle that is con- sistent with a sonar j.mming function. This is the first evidence from a community-level analysis to support multiple functions for tiger moth sounds. We also provide evidence supporting an evolutionary history for the development of these strategies. Further- more, cross-correlation and spectrogram correlation measurements failed to support a ＂phantom echo＂ mechanism underlying sonar j.mming, and instead point towards echo interference [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 358-369, 2010].

关键词： Acoustic aposematism Sonar j.mming Arctiidae Cross-correlation Autocorrelation

SOME RECURRENCE FORMULAS FOR BOX SPLINES AND CONE SPLINES

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2004年第4期20卷 297-306页

作者： patrick j. Van Fleet Department of Mathematics University of St. Thomas St. Paul MN 55105 USA

A degree elevation formula for multivariate simplex splines was given by Micchelli and extended to hold for multivariate Dirichlet splines in [8]. We report similar formulae for multivariate cone splines and box splines. To this end, we utilize a relation due to Dahmen and Micchelli that connects box splines and cone splines and a degree reduction formula given by Cohen, Lyche, and Riesenfeld in [2].

关键词： box spline cone spline degree elevation

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

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Chinese j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第3期27卷 621-629页

作者：何海伦宋金宝 patrick j. Lynett 李爽 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves(KLOCAW) Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type *** model is first tested by the additional experimental data,and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is ***,the model's breaking index is replaced and *** new breaking index,which is optimized from the several breaking indices,is not sensitive to the spatial grid length and includes the bottom *** tests show that the modified model with the new breaking index is more stable and efficient for the shallow-water wave ***,the modified model is used to study the fractional energy losses for the regular waves propagating and breaking over a submerged *** results have revealed that how the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the incident waves as well as the dimensionless bar height(normalized by water depth) dominate the fractional energy *** is also found that the bar slope(limited to gentle slopes that less than 1:10) and the dimensionless bar length(normalized by incident wave length) have negligible effects on the fractional energy losses.

关键词： breaking waves Boussinesq-type equations nearshore wave modeling fractional energy loss