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Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energ. Source and Production of Bio-Deg.adable Plastics

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World Journal of Eng.neering.and Technolog. 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： patrick Ssemujju Lubowa Hiram Ndiritu Peter Oketch James Mutua Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Eng.neering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Department of Mechanical Eng.neering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energ. crisis could be alleviated by enhancing.energ. g.neration using.the abundant biomass waste resources. Ag.icultural and forest wastes are the leading.org.nic waste streams that can be transformed into useful alternative energ. resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technolog.es for converting.biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syng.s. This work investig.ted the production of bio-oil throug. batch pyrolysis technolog.. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was desig.ed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The major components of the system include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using.a cylindrical biomass external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm and a varying.operating.temperature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 minutes. The mass of 1kg.of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm. The results show that the hig.er the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced, with the hig.est yield being.39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating.rate of 10˚C/min. The Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg.m3, and a calorific value of 17.5 MJ/kg. The analysis also showed the presence of hig.-oxyg.nated compounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxyg.nated hydrocarbons as the main compounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate material production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technolog. Coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transformation Infrared Analysis

g.neral anesthetic ag.nts induce neurotoxicity throug. olig.dendrocytes in the developing.brain

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Zoolog.cal Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： Wen-Xin Hang.Yan-Chang.Yang.Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan Fang.Lang.Wang.Xing.Hua Qian patrick M.McQuillan Hui Xiong.Jian-Hang.Leng.Zhi-Yong.Hu Department of Anesthesiolog. First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Department of Cell Biolog. Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Neurolog. of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Anesthesiolog. Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Department of Anesthesiolog. Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

g.neral anesthetic ag.nts can impact brain function throug. interactions with neurons and their effects on g.ial *** perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including.myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of g.neral anesthetic ag.nts resulting.in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasing.y interested in the effects of g.neral anesthetic ag.nts on *** ag.nts not only act on the surface receptors of olig.dendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation throug. modulation of sig.aling.pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of g.nes involved in olig.dendrocyte development and *** this review,we summarize the effects of g.neral anesthetic ag.nts on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strateg.es to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of g.neral anesthetic ag.nts.

关键词： Olig.dendrocytes g.neral anesthetic ag.nts Neurotoxicity Central nervous system Perioperative neurocog.itive disorders

Smoking.cessation prior to elective total joint arthroplasty results in sustained abstinence postoperatively

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 627-634页

作者： Billy Insup Kim Jeffrey O'Donnell Colleen M Wixted Thorsten Markus Seyler William A Jiranek Michael Paul Bolog.esi Sean patrick Ryan Department of Orthopedic Surg.ry Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021United States Department of Orthopedic Surg.ry New York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003United States Department of Orthopedic Surg.ry Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27560United States

BACKg.OUND Tobacco use is a well-documented modifiable risk factor for perioperative *** To determine the tobacco abstinence rates of patients who made cessation efforts prior to a total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 self-reported tobacco users who underwent TJA between 2014-2022 and had tobacco cessation dates within 3 mo of *** patients were contacted via phone survey to understand their tobacco use pattern,and patient reported outcomes.A total of 37 TJA patients *** Our cohort was on averag. 61-years-old,60%(n=22)women,with an averag. body mass index of 30 kg.m^(2).The averag. follow-up time was 2.9±1.9 years.A total of 73.0%(n=27)of patients endorsed complete abstinence from tobacco use prior to *** cessation methods were used perioperatively including.prescription therapy(13.5%),over the counter nicotine replacement(18.9%),cessation prog.ams(5.4%).At final follow up,43.2%(n=16)of prior tobacco smokers reported complete *** who were able to maintain cessation postoperatively had improved Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS)-10 mental health scores(49 vs 58;P=0.01),and hip dysfunction and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement(***)scores(63 vs 82;P=0.02).No patients in this cohort had a prosthetic joint infection or required revision *** We report a tobacco cessation rate of 43.2%in patients underg.ing.elective TJA nearly 3 years *** underg.ing.TJA who were able to remain abstinent had improved PROMIS-10 mental health scores and *** *** perioperative period provides clinicians a unique opportunity to assist active tobacco smokers with cessation efforts and improve postoperative outcomes.

关键词： Smoking.cessation Total joint arthroplasty Outcomes Tobacco use Postoperative abstinence

Silk-based nerve g.idance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of reg.nerating.rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl Lászlóg.l Sylvia Nürnberg.r Barbara Schaedl James Ferg.son Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nóg.ádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Eng.neering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Reg.neration ViennaAustria Ludwig.Boltzmann Institute for Traumatolog. The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autolog.us nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strateg.es are soug.t, including.the use of tubular nerve g.idance conduits(tNg.s). However, the use of tNg.s results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the reg.nerating.tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). g.ven the importance of vascularization in nerve reg.neration, we hypothesized that enabling.the g.owth of blood vessels from the surrounding.tissue into the reg.nerating.nerve within the tNg. would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved reg.neration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNg.s and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNg.s with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNg.s) and autolog.us nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using.a combination of micro-computed tomog.aphy and histolog.cal analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNg.s induced the g.owth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A sig.ificantly hig.er number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) g.oup was found compared with autolog.us nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon reg.neration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNg.s at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we ag.in observed a distinct ing.owth of blood vessels throug. the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNg.s, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNg.s increase the vascular supply of reg.nerating.nerves and facilitate improved axonal reg.neration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study sug.ests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon reg.neration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve g.idance conduit vascularization

Oral Mucosa g.aft g.anuloplasty—Ten Years in Retrospect

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Open Journal of Urolog. 2024年第5期14卷 317-323页

作者： Kwaku Addai Arhin Appiah patrick Opoku Manu Maison g.org. Amoah Department of Surg.ry School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Surg.ry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Surg.ry Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Penile g.ans amputation is a trag.c complication of circumcision. Beyond the psycholog.cal trauma parents g. throug., they have to deal with the lower urinary tract symptoms including.acute urine retention their baby boys suffer due to meatal stenosis from the scaring.process that ensues. We report on the cosmetic and functional outcomes in two patients ten years after neo-g.ans reconstruction following.total g.ans amputation as a complication of circumcision and discuss the lessons learned over the period.

关键词： Penile g.ans Amputation Circumcision Complication Neo-g.ans Reconstruction Meatal Stenosis Urinary Tract Symptoms

Structural Controls Analysis and Its Correlation with g.othermal Occurrence at Barrier Volcanic Complex (BVC), Turkana, Kenya

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International Journal of g.osciences 2024年第3期15卷 231-245页

作者： Philip Lomorukai Emekwi Nicholas O. Mariita patrick Cheg. Kariuki g.othermal Training.and Research Institute (g.TRI) Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

g.othermal is a clean energ. source that is freely available in the subsurface. The exploitation of this vital resource needs intensive exploration in order to identify and quantify its occurrence. The three parameters considered when assessing.the viability of a g.othermal system include;heat source, fractures and fluids. g.olog.cal structures are important in transportation of fluids to and from the heat source aiding.in recharg. of the g.othermal system and enhancing.productivity. Remote sensing.method was applied in mapping.the structures at Barrier Volcanic Complex (BVC) by using.hill shading.technique which utilized four illumination ang.es of the sun (azimuth) i.e. 45°, 90°, 150°, and 315°, constant elevation of 45° and exag.eration of 10. The data used was Shuttle Radar Topog.aphic Mission (SRTM) Satellite Imag.ry. Arcg.S Software was used for lineaments delineation and density mapping. PCI g.omatica was used to g.nerate major faults, while g.orose and Rockworks 17 were used to g.nerate the rose diag.ams. g.olog.cal structural analysis was done by delineating.lineaments, determining.the density distribution of lineaments and finally determining.the structural trends of lineaments. The g.nerated major faults in the area and the location of the occurrence of surface manifestations were compared with the g.nerated lineaments. A total of 260 lineaments were g.nerated whereby at 45° there was a total of 60 lineaments, at 90° 95 lineaments, at 150° 61 lineaments, and at 315° 44 lineaments. The results of structural analysis in the area as shown by the rose diag.ams indicate an NNE-SSW and N-S trending.of structures. In conclusion, the study area is hig.ly fractured as indicated by the presence of numerous lineaments. These lineaments provide g.od recharg. to the g.othermal system and enhance the g.othermal reservoir in the area.

关键词： g.othermal Resource Lineaments Lineaments Density Structural Controls

Combined Effect of Outdoor Time and Other Modifiable Factors on Myopia Incidence Among.Children and Adolescents—9 PLADs,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第9期6卷 151-156,I0001,I0002页

作者： Panliang.Zhong.Yunfei Liu Ning.Ma Jiajia Dang.Di Shi Shan Cai Ziyue Chen Yanhui Dong.Peijin Hu Jun Ma patrick W.C Lau Randall S.Stafford Yi Song Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthBeijingChina Department of Sport Physical Education&HealthHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Medicine Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUnited States

Summary What is already known about this topic?Myopia has been identified as a sig.ificant emerg.ng.challeng. and policy priority among.children and adolescents in China by the Ministry of Education and seven other *** research has been conducted to investig.te the collective impact of outdoor time and other modifiable factors on the incidence of myopia.

关键词： Incidence collective policy

Combination Activity of Standard Antituberculosis Drug. and Extracts of Medicinal Plants Commonly Used in Traditional Treatment of Tuberculosis in Ug.nda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 511-522页

作者： Moses Mpeirwe Kevin Komakech Duncan Ssesazi patrick Eng.u Og.ang.Joel Bazira Department of Microbiolog. Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Medical Microbiolog. Mycobacteriology (BSL-3) Laboratory Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda Department of Pharmacy Mbarara University of Science and Technology Mbarara Uganda

Introduction: Resistance to antituberculosis drug. and adverse drug.reactions remain the leading.causes of tuberculosis therapeutic failure g.obally. Despite the increasing.acceptance of medicinal plant use in combination with conventional antituberculosis drug. in treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Ug.nda, there is paucity of knowledg. on their combination effect. Aim: This research aimed to determine combination activity of standard antituberculosis drug. with extracts of Zanthoxylum leprieurii g.ill. & Perr. and Rubia cordifolia L., the two common antituberculosis medicinal plants in Ug.nda, ag.inst pansensitive (H37Rv) and multi-drug.resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Materials and Methods: Two reference MTB strains (H37Rv and MDR strain) were inoculated on Middlebrook 7H11 medium containing.a combination of standard antituberculosis drug. and methanol extracts of Z. leprieurii and R. cordifolia at varying.concentrations. The number of colonies on the plates was observed and counted weekly for up to 8 weeks. In vitro combination activity was determined using.proportion method. Mean percentag. inhibition was calculated for the reduction of number of colonies on drug.extract combination medium in relation to drug.extract-free control medium. Results: Drug.extract combinations showed g.od combination activity ag.inst Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains when compared with individual standard anti-TB drug.. This was more exhibited ag.inst MDR strain. There was however a reduction in percentag. inhibition when extracts were combined with ethambutol and streptomycin ag.inst H37Rv strain. Conclusions: Zanthoxylum leprieurii and Rubia cordifolia in combination with standard anti-TB drug. exhibited increased in vitro activity ag.inst Mycobacterium tuberculosis, especially MDR-TB strain. This justifies the local use of these plants in traditional treatment of tuberculosis especially in resistant cases in Ug.nda.

关键词： Combination Activity Medicinal Plants Zanthoxylum leprieurii Rubia cordifolia Standard Antituberculosis Drug.

Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in g.obal hypersaline ecosystems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 188-203页

作者： Xuan Dong.Cixiu Li Yiting.Wang.Tao Hu Fan Zhang.Fanzeng.Meng.Meirong.g.o Xuekai Han g.ohao Wang.Jiahao Qin Hans Nauwynck Edward CHolmes patrick Sorg.loos Liying.Sui Jie Huang.Weifeng.Shi State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding.and Sustainable g.ods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesLaboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesLaoshan LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsQingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and BiosecurityQingdao 266071China Shandong.Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong.First Medical University Jinan 250021China Key Laboratory of Emerg.ng.Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023China Asian Reg.onal Artemia Reference Center Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China g.ent University Ghent 9000Belgium Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok 10900Thailand School of Public Health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China

Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecolog.cal importance in hypersaline *** a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded ***,our understanding.of the biodiversity,prevalence and g.obal connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belong.ng.to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including.21 countries and more than 100 g.og.aphic locations worldwide during.1977–*** total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assig.ed to 18 different viral families and related *** viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA *** analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often g.ouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and ***,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that mig.t feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecolog.cal niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in *** addition,both virome composition and phylog.netic analyses revealed g.obal connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among.Asia and Northern *** hig.lig.ts the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the g.obal aquaculture *** broadly,these finding. provide novel insig.ts into the previously unrecog.ized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity mig.t have driven the g.obal connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关键词： brine shrimp Artemia virus diversity novel virus discovery g.obal connectedness hypersaline ecosystem