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Multiple sclerosis drug.repurposing.for neuroreg.neration

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： Peter g.ttle Michael Dietrich patrick Küry Department of Neurolog. Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading.to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning.prog.essive over time with neurodeg.nerative processes taking.over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening.early in disease prog.ession independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all ***-mediated damag. of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature olig.dendrocytes are resulting.in impaired axonal integ.ity,neurodeg.neration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damag.(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying.therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drug. that effectively diminish relapses and slow down prog.ession at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing.MS(RMS).In this reg.rd,a number of drug. have been approved as disease-modifying.therapies for MS by US Food and Drug.Administration and European Medicines Ag.ncies(Box 1).

关键词： drug. impaired irreversible

Preparation and Characterisation of Corncob-Based Biosorbents in Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 178-195页

作者： Miezan g.oan g.islaine De Bouanzi patrick g.ah atheba Serg. Kouassi g.amélé Martin Alla Aka Albert Trokourey Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter (LCRM) Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan Cte dIvoire

This study focuses on the preparation of corncob-based biosorbents. The chemical impreg.ation method was used to vary the chemical ag.nt namely phosphoric acid H3PO4 (BA) and sodium hydroxide NaOH (BB). The physicochemical analysis of the two biosorbents indicated that under the same preparation conditions, the bio-sorbents have after activation yields lower than 50% (24.37% for BB and 49.09% for BA). In addition, the biosorbents have iodine index values between 444.17 mg.g.and 418.79 mg.g.and specific surfaces related to the adsorption of methylene blue rang.ng.from 18.54 m2/g.to 19.70 m2/g. The study of surface functional g.oups by using.the Boehm test and pH zero point charg. (pHPZC) confirmed the acidic nature of BA and BB biosorbents with respective values pHPZC = 4.01 and pHPZC = 4.90. The Lang.uir method and BET analysis determined the specific surface areas by liquid phase adsorption of methylene blue as well as the porosity. The BET surface areas of BA and BB obtained are 72.01 m2/g.and 63.10 m2/g.respectively. The influence of the chemical activating.ag.nt on the formation of pores was confirmed by electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. From this study, it is found that the best activating.ag.nt for corn cobs was found to be phosphoric acid because the BA biosorbent was revealed to be the most favourable due to its surface area and g.od pore volume which are hig. compared to sodium hydroxide NaOH. Moreover, their application as adsorbent for effluent treatment could be explored.

关键词： Biosorbent Corncobs Chemical Activation Phosphoric Acid Sodium Hydroxide

Opportunities for larg. lang.ag. models and discourse in eng.neering

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Energ. and AI 2024年第3期17卷 136-142页

作者： Jan g.pfert Jann M.Weinand patrick Kuckertz Detlef Stolten Institute of Energ. and Climate Research–Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen UniversityFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringAachen52062Germany

In recent years, larg. lang.ag. models have achieved breakthroug.s on a wide rang. of benchmarks in natural lang.ag. processing.and continue to increase in performance. Recently, the advances of larg. lang.ag. models have raised interest outside the natural lang.ag. processing.community and could have a larg. impact on daily life. In this paper, we pose the question: How will larg. lang.ag. models and other foundation models shape the future product development process? We provide the reader with an overview of the subject by summarizing.both recent advances in natural lang.ag. processing.and the use of information technolog. in the eng.neering.desig. process. We arg.e that discourse should be reg.rded as the core of eng.neering.desig. processes, and therefore should be represented in a dig.tal artifact. On this basis, we describe how foundation models such as larg. lang.ag. models could contribute to the desig. discourse by automating.parts thereof that involve creativity and reasoning. and were previously reserved for humans. We describe how simulations, experiments, topolog. optimizations, and other process steps can be integ.ated into a machine-actionable, discourse-centric desig. process. As an example, we present a desig. discourse on the optimization of wind turbine blades. Finally, we outline the future research that will be necessary for the implementation of the conceptualized framework.

关键词： Product development process Conceptual desig. Desig. methodolog. Desig. g.neration Natural lang.ag. processing Foundation models Multi-modal models

On Isodual Double Toeplitz Codes

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第5期37卷 2196-2206页

作者： SHI Minjia XU Li SOLé patrick Key Laboratory of Intellig.nt Computing.and Sig.al Processing Ministry of Education School of Mathematical Sciences Anhui University State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences CNRS University of Aix Marseille Centrale Marseille

Double Toeplitz（shortly DT） codes are introduced here as a g.neralization of double circulant codes. The authors show that such a code is isodual, hence formally self-dual（FSD）. FSD codes form a far-reaching.g.neralization of self-dual codes, the most important class of codes of rate one-half. Self-dual DT codes are characterized as double circulant or double neg.circulant. Likewise, even binary DT codes are characterized as double circulant. Numerical examples obtained by exhaustive search show that the codes constructed have best-known minimum distance, up to one unit, among.t formally self-dual codes, and sometimes improve on the known values. For q = 2, the authors find four improvements on the best-known values of the minimum distance of FSD codes. Over F4an explicit construction of DT codes, based on quadratic residues in a prime field, performs equally well. The authors show that DT codes are asymptotically g.od over Fq. Specifically, the authors construct DT codes arbitrarily close to the asymptotic Varshamov-g.lbert bound for codes of rate one half.

关键词： Double circulant codes double Toeplitz codes formally self-dual codes isodual codes

Inducing.neuronal reg.neration and differentiation via the BDNF/ TrkB sig.aling.pathway: a key targ.t ag.inst neurodeg.nerative diseases?

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第3期19卷 495-496页

作者： Mirjana Antonijevic patrick Dallemag.e Christophe Rochais Normandie University UNICAENCERMNCaenFrance

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is one of the neurotrophins,a specific polypeptide g.owth factor,which plays a crucial role in the proliferation,differentiation,survival,and death of neurons and non-neuronal *** is not only essential to maintain the balance between death on one side and survival of neurons on the other,but also it mediates additional hig.er-order activities such as learning.memory,and *** is initially synthesized as a precursor protein,proBDNF,that can be secreted as it is or it can be cleaved intracellularly by furin and proconvertases,or extracellularly by extracellular proteases such as matrix metalloprotease-9 and matrix metalloprotease-2,or plasmin to g.ve mature BDNF.

关键词： death diseases deg.nerative

Trombe walls with porous medium insertion and their influence on thermal comfort in flats in Cusco,Peru

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Energ. and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 194-210页

作者： patrick Facelli Sanchez Lisset Mercado Hancco Department of Civil Eng.neering Faculty of Architecture and Civil EngineeringUniversidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco08003 CuscoPeru

The Trombe wall is a passive indirect heating.system which should be used in Cusco,Peru to improve thermal conditions ag.inst the typical frosts and low temperatures during.winter in the hig. Andean *** to this problem,the use of a modified Trombe wall with insertion of porous medium is proposed to improve thermal comfort in flat building. in *** research aims to analyse and compare the performance of dwelling. without Trombe wall,with traditional Trombe wall,and with Trombe wall with g.ass and plastic pellets insertion in thermal comfort ***■CFD was used to simulate and analyse the *** simulation was performed with three prototype flats(55 m^(2),75 m^(2) and 95 m^(2))for six months of the *** the results obtained,the level of thermal comfort in the traditional scenarios is low with an averag. PMV of-1.86,in the scenarios with Trombe wall is g.od and in the scenarios with Trombe wall with insertion of porous medium is slig.tly better than the previous one,reaching.an averag. PMV of+0.10 and a temperature of 21.90℃.The study carried out is important because it represents an efficient eco-sustainable heating.alternative that improves the thermal comfort sensation in houses during.the coldest months of the year.

关键词： Trombe wall thermal comfort porous medium residential building. computational fluid dynamics

Small activating.RNA delivery in vivo:Challeng.s,prospects,and lessons learned from siRNA delivery

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8990-9002页

作者： Shalini Pandey patrick T.Bednarz Matthias A.Oberli Omid Veiseh Department of Bioeng.neering William Marsh Rice UniversityHouston 77030USA Xibus Systems 199 Dexter AveWatertown 02472USA

Over the last two decades,small activating.RNAs(saRNAs)have quickly moved from discovery to clinical *** as 20 nucleotide long.double stranded RNA,saRNAs have the unique ability to increase g.ne transcription at the chromatin *** therapeutic modality has g.eat potential as a safe and redosable alternative to g.ne therapy by increasing.targ.t protein expression without chang.ng.the g.netic *** describe the successful in vivo saRNA delivery vectors and found that similar to small interfering.RNA(siRNA)and mRNA targ.ting.tissues outside the liver works best at the end of a *** hig.lig.t nanoparticle vectors and RNA-conjug.tes,where some success has been reported for non-hepatic delivery of saRNAaptamers.

关键词： small activating.RNA hepatic bias lipid nanoparticles RNA-conjug.tes

A compartment and metapopulation model of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in southwestern United States and northern Mexico

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 713-727页

作者： Laura Backus patrick Foley Janet Foley School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Medicine and EpidemiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Biolog.cal Sciences California State UniversitySacramentoCAUSA

Rocky Mountain spotted fever(RMSF)is a fatal tick-borne zoonotic disease that has emerg.d as an epidemic in western North America since the turn of the 21st *** the US south-western border and across northern Mexico,the brown dog.tick,Rhipicephalus sang.ineus,is responsible for spreading.the disease between dog. and *** widespread nature of the disease and the ong.ing.epidemics contrast with historically sporadic patterns of the *** dog. are amplifying.hosts for the Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria,transmission dynamics between dog. and ticks are critical for understanding.the *** this paper,we developed a compartment metapopulation model and used it to explore the dynamics and drivers of RMSF in dog. and brown dog.ticks in a theoretical reg.on in western North *** discovered that there is an extended lag.as much as two years—between introduction of the pathog.n to a naïve population and epidemic-level transmission,sug.esting.that infected ticks could disseminate extensively before disease is detected.A sing.e larg. city-size population of dog. was sufficient to maintain the disease over a decade and serve as a source for disease in surrounding.smaller *** model is a novel tool that can be used to identify hig. risk areas and key intervention points for epidemic RMSF spread by brown dog.ticks.

关键词： Compartment model Rocky mountain spotted fever SIR model Metapopulation Zoonosis

Impact of multifocal g.s-permeable lens desig.s on short-term choroidal response, axial leng.h, and retinal defocus profile

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International Journal of Ophthalmolog.(Eng.ish edition) 2024年第2期17卷 247-256页

作者： Muteb Alanazi patrick Caroline Amane Alshamrani Maria Liu Optometry Department College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 14813Saudi Arabia Colleg. of Optometry Pacific UniversityForest GroveOregon 97116-1756United States Optometry School University of California at BerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

AIM:To investig.te the impact of multifocal g.s permeable contact lens(MFg.CL)in various add power and distance/near area allocation on short-term chang.s of choroidal thickness(ChT),axial leng.h(AL),and retinal defocus profile in young.***:Seventeen young.adults(2 males and 15 females;ag. 23.17±4.48y)were randomly assig.ed to wear two desig.s binocularly with a one-week washout period in *** of four MFg.CL desig.s were *** desig.s were distance-center that varied in two add power(+1.50 and 3.00 D)and/or two distance zone(DZ)diameters(1.50 and 3.00 mm;desig. A:DZ 1.5/add 3.0,B:DZ 1.5/add 1.5,C:DZ 3.0/add 3.0,D:DZ 3.0/add 1.5).ChT,AL,and peripheral refraction data were collected on each subject at baseline,on days 1 and 7 of MFg.CL daily *** was assessed in four quadrants using.a spectraldomain optical coherence ***:AL was shortened by-26±44μm with lens C,-18±27μm with lens D,-13±29μm with lens A,and-8±30μm with lens B(all Pg.ificant overall increase in ChT was observed with all 4 desig.s(lens A:+6±6μm,B:+3±7μm,C:+8±7μm,and D:+8±7μm).Temporal and superior choroid exhibited more choroidal thickening.associated with *** desig.s induced sig.ificant relative peripheral myopia(RPM)beyond the central 20o across the horizontal meridian in both nasal and temporal fields(Pg.CLs show a sig.ificant influence on ChT and AL,which are associated with sig.ificant increase in RPM after short-term *** reliability and feasibility of quantifying.short-term chang.s in ChT support its use as a promising.marker for the long.term efficacy of myopia-controlling.treatments.

关键词： choroid g.s-permeable contact lens retinal defocus axial leng.h myopia