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Opportunities and challenges for developing closed-loop bioelectronic medicines

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 46-50页

作者： patrick D.Ganzer Gaurav Sharma Medical Devices and Neuromodulation Battelle Memorial Institute

The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeutics, called bioelectronic medicines, are being developed to precisely regulate physiology and treat dysfunction using peripheral nerve stimulation. In this review, we first discuss new work using closed-loop bioelectronic medicine to treat upper limb paralysis. In contrast to open-loop bioelectronic medicines, closed-loop approaches trigger ‘on demand' peripheral nerve stimulation due to a change in function(e.g., during an upper limb movement or a change in cardiopulmonary state). We also outline our perspective on timing rules for closedloop bioelectronic stimulation, interface features for non-invasively stimulating peripheral nerves, and machine learning algorithms to recognize disease events for closed-loop stimulation control. Although there will be several challenges for this emerging field, we look forward to future bioelectronic medicines that can autonomously sense changes in the body, to provide closed-loop peripheral nerve stimulation and treat disease.

关键词： spinal cord injury stroke plasticity closed-loop bioelectronic medicine machine learning nerve stimulation vagus nerve

From gene editing to genome engineering: restructuring plant chromosomes via CRISPR/Cas

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aBIOTECH 2020年第1期1卷 21-31页

作者： Carla Schmidt patrick Schindele Holger Puchta Botanical Institute Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyPOB 698076133 KarlsruheGermany

In the last years,tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of gene editing in *** the induction of single site-specific double-strand breaks(DSBs),the knockout of genes by non-homologous end joining has become routine in many plant ***,the efficiency of inducing pre-planned mutations by homologous recombination has also been improved ***,very little effort has been undertaken until now to achieve more complex changes in plant genomes by the simultaneous induction of several *** reports have been published on the efficient induction of ***,the induction of intrachromosomal inversions and interchromosomal recombination by the use of CRISPR/Cas has only recently been *** this review,we want to sum up these results and put them into context with regards to what is known about natural chromosome rearrangements in ***,we review the recent progress in CRISPR/Cas-based mammalian chromosomal rearrangements,which might be inspiring for plant *** the long run,the controlled restructuring of plant genomes should enable us to link or break linkage of traits at will,thus defining a new area of plant breeding.

关键词： Chromosomal rearrangements CRISPR/Cas Genome engineering Inversion Translocation

The Difficult Path from Perception to Precautionary Action-Participatory Modeling as a Practical Tool to Overcome the Risk Perception Paradox in Flood Preparedness

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 472-485页

作者： Gisela Wachinger patrick Keilholz Coral O’Brian DIALOGIK GmbH 70176 StuttgartGermany DHI WASY GmbH 81671 MunichGermany

The risk perception paradox illustrates the perception of natural hazards as not directly related to a willingness to act or engage in precautionary behavior. Yet the utilization of participatory processes can help to overcome this gap. In a practical example in the watershed of the Danube River and its contributing streams in Germany,we aimed to solve questions about the value of participatory modeling as a method to bridge the gap linked to flood polder planning and a relocation of a dike for protection against high floods(centennial floods and rarer). Local communities, citizen initiatives, and nongovernmental environmental organizations joined together for round table discussions initiated by the water management authorities. A participatory modeling process enabled these diverse stakeholders to engage with the experts who built the groundwater models for the planning process. As part of this study, two case studies are presented. In the first example, neutral mediators assisted the round table ‘‘Flood Polder Katzau(Danube)'' in order to cultivate mutual trust and understanding between the authorities and the former opponents of the project. This process is still ongoing,challenged by long-term planning and the more immediate obstacle of current political changes. The second case studyis located on the river Alz, a tributary of the river Inn,which flows into the Danube, where the relocation of a dike was planned. This article demonstrates how participatory modeling contributes to bridging the gap between a local resident's risk perception and real action in the case of flood preparedness.

关键词： Bavaria Flood hazard Flood perception Flood risk Germany Participatory modeling Precautionary action

Materials structure genealogy and high-throughput topological classification of surfaces and 2D materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 222-231页

作者： Lauri Himanen patrick Rinke Adam Stuart Foster Department of Applied Physics Aalto UniversityP.O.Box 1110000076 AaltoEspooFinland Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudinger Weg 9Mainz 55128Germany WPI Nano Life Science Institute(WPI-NanoLSI) Kanazawa UniversityKakuma-machiKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Automated and verifiable structural classification for atomistic structures is becoming necessary to cope with the vast amount of information stored in various computational materials *** we present a general recursive scheme for the structural classification of atomistic systems and introduce a structural materials map that can be used to organize the materials structure *** also introduce our implementation for the automatic classification of two-dimensional structures,especially focusing on surfaces and 2D *** classification procedure can automatically determine the dimensionality of a structure,further categorize the structure as a surface or a 2D material,return the underlying unit cell and also identify the outlier atoms,such as *** classification scheme does not require explicit search patterns and works even in the presence of defects and *** classification is tested on a wide variety of atomistic structures and provides a high-accuracy determination for all of the returned structural properties.A software implementation of the classification algorithm is freely available with an opensource license.

关键词： structure return becoming

Human endogenous retroviruses: ammunition for myeloid cells in neurodegenerative diseases?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1043-1044页

作者： Joel Gruchot David Kremer patrick Küry Department of Neurology NeuroregenerationMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-University

Activation of myeloid cells by human endogenous retroviral entities:While the exact causes of neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis(MS)or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)are still elusive,there is evidence of a new category of pathogenic elements called human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)which seem to contribute to their evolution and progression by exerting inflammatory and degenerative effects(Kury et al.,2018).HERVs are ancient retroviral elements which account for up to 8%of the human genome and it is known that environmental factors can trigger their(re-)expression(Kury et al.,2018).The resulting production of viral particles and/or proteins,especially from members of the HERV-W and HERV-K family,is strongly correlated with the onset and progression of neurological diseases,such as MS and ALS(Kury et al.,2018).

关键词： endogenous diseases al.

ALowFrequencyModel for Acoustic Propagation in a 2D Flow Duct:Numerical Computation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第2期11卷 508-524页

作者： Lauris Joubert patrick Joly POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTA UMR 270632 Boulevard Victor75015 ParisFrance POEMS CNRS-INRIA-ENSTAUMR 2706INRIA RocquencourtBP 10578153 Le Chesnay CedexFrance

In this paper we study a low frequency model for acoustic propagation in a 2D flow *** some Mach profile flow,we are able to give a well-posedness *** proof relies on a quasi-explicit expression of the solution which provides us an efficient numerical *** give and comment numerical results for particular linear,tangent and quadratic ***,we give a numerical validation of our asymptotic model.

关键词： Acoustics in flow Galbrun’s equations asymptotic analysis Laplace transform

Rapid Evaluation and Response to Impacts on Critical End-Use Loads Following Natural Hazard-Driven Power Outages:A Modular and Responsive Geospatial Technology

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第3期13卷 415-434页

作者： patrick D.Royer Wei Du Kevin Schneider Energy and Environment Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA

The disparate nature of data for electric power utilities complicates the emergency recovery and response *** reduced efficiency of response to natural hazards and disasters can extend the time that electrical service is not available for critical end-use loads,and in extreme events,leave the public without power for extended *** article presents a methodology for the development of a semantic data model for power systems and the integration of electrical grid topology,population,and electric distribution line reliability indices into a unified,cloud-based,serverless framework that supports power system operations in response to extreme *** iterative and pragmatic approach to working with large and disparate datasets of different formats and types resulted in improved application runtime and efficiency,which is important to consider in real time decision-making processes during hurricanes and similar catastrophic *** technology was developed initially for Puerto Rico,following extreme hurricane and earthquake events in 2017 and 2020,but is applicable to utilities around the *** the highly abstract and modular design approach,this technology is equally applicable to any geographic region and similar natural hazard *** addition to a review of the requirements,development,and deployment of this framework,technical aspects related to application performance and response time are highlighted.

关键词： Electrical grid Hurricane response Puerto Rico Resilience and geospatial technology Software applications

Lau Effect Using LED Array for Lithography

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 165-174页

作者： Xinrui Cao patrick FeBer Stefan Sinzinger Fachgebiet Technische Optik Institut flir Mikro-und Nanotechnologien(IMN)MacroNano■Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany

Illumination with LEDs is of increasing interest in imaging and *** particular,compared to lasers,LEDs are temporally and spatially incoherent,so that speckle effects can be avoided by the application of ***,LED arrays are qualified due to their high optical output ***,LED arrays have not been widely used for investigating optical effects,e.g.,the Lau *** this paper,we propose the application of an LED array for realizing the Lau effect by taking into account the influence of the coherence properties of illumination on the Lau *** spatially incoherent illumination with the LED array or a single LED,triangular distributed Lau fringes can be *** apply the obtained Lau fringes in the optical lithography to produce analog *** to a single LED,the Lau fringes using the LED array have significantly higher ***,the exposure time in the lithography process is largely reduced.

关键词： Lau effect LED array Lithography Spatial coherence properties of illumination

Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： patrick M.Jagielski Jennifer R.Foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type