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Morphological comparison and molecular marker screening of three Skeletonema species found in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 923-942页

作者： Jingwen HU Yuxin YI Zhengxin YANG John patrick KOCIOLEK Pan YU Quanxi WANG Qingmin YOU College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China Museum of Natural History University of ColoradoBoulder 80309USA College of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China

In our recent investigations of diatom diversity,we studied three species,namely,Skeletonema costatum,Skeletonema subsalsum,and Skeletonema *** they have been found frequently in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin,their morphological and molecular identification is difficult in ***,to integrate morphological and molecular biological approaches,we compared systematically their morphological characters and performed phylogenetic *** strains of Skeletonema were collected and isolated from Shanghai and Jiangsu,China,and their morphological characteristics were examined by light microscopy(LM)and the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Based on morphological comparison,we determined that *** is easy to distinguish from the other two *** heavily silicified areolae,undulated or cleft distal ends of terminal fultoportula processes(TFPPs),absence of basal pores of fultoportula processes(FPPs),the rootlike protrusions of FPPs,and no interlocking connection are the stable characteristics that can be used to identify ***,there are only two features that can distinguish *** from ***,namely the location of terminal rimoportulae(TRPs)and the distal shape of *** addition,we amplified and sequenced nine common genetic markers from the strains,from which 101 sequences were obtained,constructed phylogenetic trees based on the nine genes and evaluated that seven genes can be used to identify ***,and revealed that *** is the closest known relative of ***,and only ATP synthetase beta-subunit gene(atp B)is able to distinguish them from each other,which strongly support that it is an effective molecular marker for *** work provided a theoretical basis for the taxonomic study of Skeletonema.

关键词： Skeletonema Changjiang River morphological change distinguishing morphological characteristics molecular marker

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Lineaperpetua ***.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 277-290页

作者： Pan YU Lin YANG Qingmin YOU John patrick KOCIOLEK Kangyu WANG Yonghong BI Quanxi WANG College of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoUCB 218Boulder CO 80309USA

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua ***,You,Kociolek&Wang is *** features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal ***,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of *** in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to *** the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other *** molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

关键词： diatom morphology new genus phylogeny taxonomy Thalassiosiraceae

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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： Marie-Luise Contala patrick Krapf Florian M.Steiner Birgit C.Schlick-Steiner Molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

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Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (Mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

ChemPhysMater

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： patrick Ndouka Ndouka Stephane Kenmoe Jacques Richard Mache Elie Acayanka Dick Hartmann Douma Ralph Gebauer patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de Simulations Numériques en Magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(SPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(SEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn_(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) SPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： Sol-gel Manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation Methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism Mars−van Krevelen route Two−term process

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Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche Emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

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Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 118-124页

作者： Hannah Rice Markus Kurz patrick Mai Leon Robertz Kevin Bill Timothy R.Derrick Steffen Willwacher Department of Physical Performance Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Sports Tech Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund SE-83125Sweden Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Offenburg University of Applied SciencesOffenburg 77652Germany Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics German Sport University CologneCologne 50933Germany Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress *** encounter varied surface steepness(gradients)when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the *** study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different ***:Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds(2.5 m/s,3.0 m/s,and 3.5 m/s)and gradients(level:0%;uphill:+5%,+10%,and+15%;downhill:-5%,-10%,and-15%).Force and marker data were collected synchronously *** moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial-lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1%of *** was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ***-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical ***:There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior *** running speeds resulted in greater tibial *** uphill at+10%and+15%resulted in greater tibial loading than level *** downhill at-10%and-15%resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level *** was no difference between+5%or-5%and level ***:Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients≥+10%increased internal tibial loading,whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients≥-10%reduced internal *** running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism,providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.

关键词： Bending moments Gradient Musculoskeletal modeling Overuse injury Tibial stress Training factors

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Proposal of a Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Reactor Intended for a Large Power Plant

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2024年第1期14卷 1-58页

作者： patrick Lindecker Independent Researcher Maisons-Alfort France

This article looks for the necessary conditions to use Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) fusion for a large power plant. At the moment, for nearly all the projects (JET, ITER…) only the Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fuel is considered for a power plant. However, as shown in this article, even if a D-D reactor would be necessarily much bigger than a D-T reactor due to the much weaker fusion reactivity of the D-D fusion compared to the D-T fusion, a D-D reactor size would remain under an acceptable size. Indeed, a D-D power plant would be necessarily large and powerful, i.e. the net electric power would be equal to a minimum of 1.2 GWe and preferably above 10 GWe. A D-D reactor would be less complex than a D-T reactor as it is not necessary to obtain Tritium from the reactor itself. It is proposed the same type of reactor yet proposed by the author in a previous article, i.e. a Stellarator “racetrack” magnetic loop. The working of this reactor is continuous. It is reminded that the Deuterium is relatively abundant on the sea water, and so it constitutes an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Thanks to secondary fusions (D-T and D-He3) which both occur at an appreciable level above 100 keV, plasma can stabilize around such high equilibrium energy (i.e. between 100 and 150 keV). The mechanical gain (Q) of such reactor increases with the internal pipe radius, up to 4.5 m. A radius of 4.5 m permits a mechanical gain (Q) of about 17 which thanks to a modern thermo-dynamical conversion would lead to convert about 21% of the thermal power issued from the D-D reactor in a net electric power of 20 GWe. The goal of the article is to create a physical model of the D-D reactor so as to estimate this one without the need of a simulator and finally to estimate the dimensions, power and yield of such D-D reactor for different net electrical powers. The difficulties of the modeling of such reactor are listed in this article and would certainly be applicable to a future D-He3 reactor, if any.

关键词： Fusion Reactor Deuterium-Deuterium Reactor Catalyzed D-D Colliding Beams Stellarator Reactor Power Plant

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A new diatom genus Spargeria ***.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 291-303页

作者： Yan LIU John patrick KOCIOLEK Li WANG Xinxin LU Huan ZHU Guoxiang LIU Fengyang SUI Yawen FAN College of Life Science and Technology Harbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025China Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309USA Key Laboratory of Algal Biology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known *** we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria *** new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded ***,Spargeria zhuii *** larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia *** smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near *** new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this *** work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

关键词： Spargeria new genus Pinnulariaceae morphology Xizang

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Bacterial plant pathogens affect the locomotor behavior of the insect vector:a case study of Citrus volkameriana-Triozae erytreae-Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus system

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 901-910页

作者： Arnaud Ameline Alain Karkach Thomas Denoirjean Martial Grondin Florencia Molinari patrick Turpin Helene Delatte Bernard Reynaud UMR CNRS 7058 EDYSAN(Ecologie et Dynamique des Systemes Anthropises) Universite de Picardie Jules VerneAmiensCedexFrance UMR PVBMT(Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical) Universitéde la RéunionSaint PierreLa RéunionFrance

Plant pathogens can alter the behavior of their insect vectors as well as their survival and *** African psyllid,Trioza erytreae,is one of the vectors of Huanglongbing,a citrus disease caused mainly by"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus"(CLas).The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of CLas on the psyllid,*** using Citrus volkamerina plants as the study *** study focused more specifically on the CLas effects prior to and after its acquisition by the psyllid *** results did not support the hypothesis that CLas effects psyllid probing behavior prior to acquisition;few differences were observed between uninfected *** feeding on CLas-infected versus control *** the other hand,compared to psyllids that had completed their development on control plants,the ones that had completed their development on a CLas-infected plant exhibited changes in their behavior(greater velocity),physiology(smaller mass)and biochemistry(lower water and lipid content).Altogether,our results confirm the existence of a marked postacquisition effect on the vector locomotor behavior and a minor preacquisition effect of CLas on the vector behavior,which can be partially explained by physiological and biochemical changes.

关键词： electrical penetration graph Huanglongbing locomotory behavior lipid biomass probing behavior vector manipulation

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Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens)toward egg deposition sites

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1231-1248页

作者： patrick Klüber Emna Arous Jeanny Jerschow Marco Fraatz Daniel Bakonyi Martin Rühl Holger Zorn Department Bioresources Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyGiessenGermany Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,comes with big promises for industrial purposes since its larvae feed polyphagously on a broad spectrum of organic ***,research focusing on adult flies is scarce,which is inconsistent with their reproductive relevance within the rearing *** particular,directed oviposition is a challenge in artificial ***,decomposing organic matter is commonly used as oviposition substrate,which has extensive potential for improvement in view of the lack of standardization and the risk of microbial ***,we identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from the surface of old oviposition sites and targeted to elucidate their effect on preference behavior and oviposition site selection using Y-olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites,*** to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females and stimulated oviposition most strongly,while decanoic acid demonstrated a repulsive *** kept in mixed-sex populations were attracted by tetradecanoic acid,resulting in a higher egg mass found in the compound box(3.0–11.4 fold),a≥2.3 fold reduction of nonspecifically deposited eggs,and the highest total egg ***,decanoic and dodecanoic acid caused females to lay a greater proportion of eggs nonspecifically outside both *** data suggest that fatty acids,especially tetradecanoic acid,are important cues for oviposition site selection in black soldier *** order to achieve a directed oviposition behavior,the role of further short-and long-chain fatty acids as attractants should be examined.

关键词： black soldier fly Hermetia illucens fatty acids insects as food and feed oviposition oviposition site selection tetradecanoic acid

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