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模拟氮沉降对青海湖流域高寒草原植物群落组成及稳定性的影响

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草业科学 2019年第11期36卷 2733-2741页

作者：张静董世魁赵珍珍李帅韩雨晖沙威沈豪刘世梁董全民周华坤土旦加祁星民王浩善北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 北京大学深圳研究院广东深圳518000 青海大学青海省畜牧兽医科学院青海西宁810003 中国科学与西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室青海西宁810003 青海省铁卜加草原改良试验站青海共和813000

本研究通过施加NH4NO3设置氮倍增试验[0、8、24、40、56、72 kg·(hm^2·a)^-1],探究氮沉降对高寒草原植物群落组成和稳定性的影响。经过连续两年施氮处理,结果表明,不同功能群的重要值对氮添加的响应不同,禾本科和杂类草的响应较为显著... 详细信息

本研究通过施加NH4NO3设置氮倍增试验[0、8、24、40、56、72 kg·(hm^2·a)^-1],探究氮沉降对高寒草原植物群落组成和稳定性的影响。经过连续两年施氮处理,结果表明,不同功能群的重要值对氮添加的响应不同,禾本科和杂类草的响应较为显著,莎草科和豆科无明显变化,在添加72 kg·(hm^2·a)^-1的植物群落中,禾本科的重要值显著高于低氮[8 kg·(hm^2·a)^-1]植物群落,杂类草重要值则显著降低(Ppatrick丰富度和Pielou均匀度有所降低但不显著,而Shannon-Wiener多样性显著降低(P<0.05),其他氮添加量对植物群落物种多样性表现出一定的促进作用;不同施氮处理下高寒草原群落稳定性与Shannon-Wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。因此,短期氮添加会改变高寒草原植物群落物种组成,其中高倍氮对物种多样性的影响更为明显,进而影响高寒草原群落稳定性。

关键词：氮沉降物种组成物种多样性群落稳定性

“天保工程”下锐齿栎群落物种多样性及其稳定性

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福建林业科技 2010年第4期37卷 11-15,20页

作者：巨天珍李沛祺赵继超王立峰康丽丹郝青张宋智西北师范大学甘肃兰州730070 天水小陇山林科所甘肃天水741022

通过对小陇山"天然林保护工程"中锐齿栎群落的物种多样性及稳定性调查,结果表明:①研究区锐齿栎群落乔木层丰富度指数为10.6,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.4222,Pielou指数为0.5450,Simpson指数为0.4134,显示了暖温带南部阔叶落叶林物种多样... 详细信息

通过对小陇山"天然林保护工程"中锐齿栎群落的物种多样性及稳定性调查,结果表明:①研究区锐齿栎群落乔木层丰富度指数为10.6,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.4222,Pielou指数为0.5450,Simpson指数为0.4134,显示了暖温带南部阔叶落叶林物种多样性的特点,和介于亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带北部阔叶落叶林之间群落多样性的地域特征;②锐齿栎群落物种多样性空间分布具有明显的阴、阳坡分布模式,且阴坡丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数均大于阳坡的相关指数;③锐齿栎群落物种多样性时间分布具有明显的发育阶段模式。随着群落的发育,多样性和丰富度指数的变化规律相似,均匀度、优势度的变化各有特点,显示了不同的生态学意义;④以锐齿栎为建群种的锐齿栎群落处于稳定状态。与早期研究相比,验证了研究区"天然林保护工程"实施的科学性和成效性。

关键词：天保工程锐齿栎林物种多样性小陇山自然保护区

Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ^(8)B solar neutrinos at JUNO

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 93-110页

作者： Angel Abusleme Thomas Adam Shakeel Ahmad Sebastiano Aiello Muhammad Akram Nawab Ali Fengpeng An Guangpeng An Qi An Giuseppe Andronico Nikolay Anfimov Vito Antonelli Tatiana Antoshkina Burin Asavapibhop João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André Didier Auguste Andrej Babic Wander Baldini Andrea Barresi Eric Baussan Marco Bellato Antonio Bergnoli Enrico Bernieri David Biare Thilo Birkenfeld Sylvie Blin David Blum Simon Blyth Anastasia Bolshakova Mathieu Bongrand Clément Bordereau Dominique Breton Augusto Brigatti Riccardo Brugnera Riccardo Bruno Antonio Budano Max.Buesken Mario Buscemi Jose Busto Ilya Butorov Anatael Cabrera Hao Cai x.ao Cai Yanke Cai Zhiyan Cai Antonio Cammi Agustin Campeny Chuanya Cao Guofu Cao Jun Cao Rossella Caruso Cédric Cerna Jinfan Chang Yun Chang Pingping Chen Po-An Chen Shaomin Chen Shenjian Chen x.rong Chen Yi-Wen Chen Yix.e Chen Yu Chen Zhang Chen Jie Cheng Yaping Cheng Alex.nder Chepurnov Davide Chiesa Pietro Chimenti Artem Chukanov Anna Chuvashova Gérard Claverie Catia Clementi Barbara Clerbaux.Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo Daniele Corti Salvatore Costa Flavio Dal Corso Christophe De La Taille Jiawei Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Wilfried Depnering Marco Diaz x.efeng Ding Yayun Ding Bayu Dirgantara Sergey Dmitrievsky Tadeas Dohnal Georgy Donchenko Jianmeng Dong Damien Dornic Evgeny Doroshkevich Marcos Dracos Frédéric Druillole Shux.an Du Stefano Dusini Martin Dvorak Timo Enqvist Heike Enzmann Andrea Fabbri Lukas Fajt Donghua Fan Lei Fan Can Fang Jian Fang Marco Fargetta Anna Fatkina Dmitry Fedoseev Vladko Fekete Li-Cheng Feng Qichun Feng Richard Ford Andrey Formozov Amélie Fournier Haonan Gan Feng Gao Alberto Garfagnini Alex.ndre Göttel Christoph Genster Marco Giammarchi Agnese Giaz Nunzio Giudice Franco Giuliani Max.m Gonchar Guanghua Gong Hui Gong Oleg Gorchakov Yuri Gornushkin Marco Grassi Christian Grewing Max.m Gromov Vasily Gromov Minghao Gu x.aofei Gu Yu Gu Mengyun Guan Nunzio Guardone Maria Gul Cong Guo Jingyuan Guo Wanlei Guo x.nheng Guo Yuhang Guo Paul Hackspacher Caren Hagner Ran Han Yan Yerevan Physics Institute YerevanArmenia UniversitéLibre de Brux.lles BrusselsBelgium Universidade Estadual de Londrina LondrinaBrazil Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro RioBrazil Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile SantiagoChile Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria ValparaisoChile Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering BeijingChina Beijing Normal University BeijingChina China Institute of Atomic Energy BeijingChina Institute of High Energy Physics BeijingChina North China Electric Power University BeijingChina School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Tsinghua University BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Jilin University ChangchunChina College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Chongqing University ChongqingChina Dongguan University of Technology DongguanChina Jinan University GuangzhouChina Sun Yat-Sen University GuangzhouChina Harbin Institute of Technology HarbinChina University of Science and Technology of China HefeiChina The Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry Group in University of South China HengyangChina Wuyi University JiangmenChina Shandong University JinanChina Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Nanjing University NanjingChina Guangx. University NanningChina East China University of Science and Technology ShanghaiChina School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuangChina Nankai University TianjinChina Wuhan University WuhanChina x.’an Jiaotong University Xi’anChina x.amen University XiamenChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu National United University Miao-Li Department of Physics National T

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main *** of JUNO's features make it an ex.ellent location for^8B solar neutrino measurements,such as its low-energy threshold,high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors,and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator *** this paper,we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting^8B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process.A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable,assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background^(238)U and^(232)Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10^(-17)g/*** ten years of data acquisition,approx.mately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are *** large sample will enable an ex.mination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter,which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation *** m^(2)_(21)=4.8times10^(-5);(7.5times10^(-5))eV^(2),JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approx.mately the 3sigma(2sigma)level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith ***,JUNO can simultaneously measureDelta m^2_(21)using^8B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better,depending on the central value,and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos.A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of Delta m^2_(21)reported by solar neutrino ex.eriments and the KamLAND ex.eriment.

关键词： neutrino oscillation solar neutrino JUNO

基于分子对接技术筛选新型冠状病毒变异体x.B.1.5 RBD抑制剂

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中国医药生物技术 2024年第4期19卷 308-314页

作者：吕瑞杰王晨宇唐梦佳吕旭东杨兆勇张志斐华北理工大学药学院唐山063210 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院医药生物技术研究所微生物代谢室北京100050

目的利用虚拟筛选技术筛选出可抑制新冠病毒变异体x.B.1.5 S蛋白受体结合区域(RBD蛋白)与血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)结合的小分子抑制剂,从而阻断新冠病毒对宿主的识别。方法在Mcule小分子数据库中下载486387个配体小分子。使用Jarvis-Pat... 详细信息

目的利用虚拟筛选技术筛选出可抑制新冠病毒变异体x.B.1.5 S蛋白受体结合区域(RBD蛋白)与血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)结合的小分子抑制剂,从而阻断新冠病毒对宿主的识别。方法在Mcule小分子数据库中下载486387个配体小分子。使用Jarvis-patrick聚类后采用AutoDock Vina软件进行基于质心的分子对接。结果确定了x.B.1.5 RBD蛋白与ACE2相互作用的关键氨基酸残基,深入分析了5个候选物小分子与x.B.1.5 RBD蛋白的结合模式,化合物1与x.B.1.5 RBD蛋白的TYR489和SER490残基形成π-π堆积和氢键相互作用;化合物2与TYR449、SER494和TYR501通过氢键和π-π堆积结合;化合物3主要与TYR451形成氢键;化合物4与TYR427通过π-π堆积结合;化合物5则与ARG381、GLN387和ASN395残基形成π-阳离子堆积和氢键。上述相互作用均干扰了x.B.1.5 RBD与ACE2的结合,起到抑制作用。通过ADMET模拟分析,预测了候选化合物的生物利用度、遗传毒性和致癌性,最终得到了潜在的抑制剂分子。结论从数据库中筛选出潜在的新型冠状病毒变异体x.B.1.5 RBD蛋白的小分子结构,进而阻断S蛋白与ACE2之间的结合,为抗新型冠状病毒药物研究及处方筛选提供参考。

关键词：变异体x.B.1.5,新型冠状病毒 S蛋白受体结合区域分子对接虚拟筛选

Sub-percent precision measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters with JUNO

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第12期46卷 28-49页

作者： Angel Abusleme Thomas Adam Shakeel Ahmad Rizwan Ahmed Sebastiano Aiello Muhammad Akram Abid Aleem Fengpeng An Qi An Giuseppe Andronico Nikolay Anfimov Vito Antonelli Tatiana Antoshkina Burin Asavapibhop João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André Didier Auguste Weidong Bai Nikita Balashov Wander Baldini Andrea Barresi Davide Basilico Eric Baussan Marco Bellato Antonio Bergnoli Thilo Birkenfeld Sylvie Blin David Blum Simon Blyth Anastasia Bolshakova Mathieu Bongrand Clément Bordereau Dominique Breton Augusto Brigatti Riccardo Brugnera Riccardo Bruno Antonio Budano Jose Busto Ilya Butorov Anatael Cabrera Barbara Caccianiga Hao Cai x.ao Cai Yanke Cai Zhiyan Cai Riccardo Callegari Antonio Cammi Agustin Campeny Chuanya Cao Guofu Cao Jun Cao Rossella Caruso Cédric Cerna Chi Chan Jinfan Chang Yun Chang Guoming Chen Pingping Chen Po-An Chen Shaomin Chen x.rong Chen Yix.e Chen Yu Chen Zhiyuan Chen Zikang Chen Jie Cheng Yaping Cheng Yu Chin Cheng Alex.y Chetverikov Davide Chiesa Pietro Chimenti Artem Chukanov Gérard Claverie Catia Clementi Barbara Clerbaux.Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo Daniele Corti Flavio Dal Corso Olivia Dalager Christophe De La Taille Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Wilfried Depnering Marco Diaz x.efeng Ding Yayun Ding Bayu Dirgantara Sergey Dmitrievsky Tadeas Dohnal Dmitry Dolzhikov Georgy Donchenko Jianmeng Dong Evgeny Doroshkevich Marcos Dracos Frédéric Druillole Ran Du Shux.an Du Stefano Dusini Martin Dvorak Timo Enqvist Heike Enzmann Andrea Fabbri Donghua Fan Lei Fan Jian Fang Wenx.ng Fang Marco Fargetta Dmitry Fedoseev Zhengyong Fei Li-Cheng Feng Qichun Feng Richard Ford Amélie Fournier Haonan Gan Feng Gao Alberto Garfagnini Arsenii Gavrikov Marco Giammarchi Nunzio Giudice Max.m Gonchar Guanghua Gong Hui Gong Yuri Gornushkin Alex.ndre Göttel Marco Grassi Vasily Gromov Minghao Gu x.aofei Gu Yu Gu Mengyun Guan Yuduo Guan Nunzio Guardone Cong Guo Jingyuan Guo Wanlei Guo x.nheng Guo Yuhang Guo Paul Hackspacher Caren Hagner Ran Han Yang Han Miao He Wei He Tobias Heinz patrick Hellmuth Yuekun Heng Rafael Herrera YuenKeung Ho Yerevan Physics Institute YerevanArmenia UniversiéLibre de Brux.lles BrusselsBelgium Universidade Estadual de Londrina LondrinaBrazil Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile SantiagoChile Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria ValparaisoChile Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering BeijingChina Beijing Normal University BeijingChina China Institute of Atomic Energy BeijingChina Institute of High Energy Physics BeijingChina North China Electric Power University BeijingChina School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Tsinghua University BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Jilin University ChangchunChina College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina Chongqing University ChongqingChina Dongguan University of Technology DongguanChina Jinan University GuangzhouChina Sun Yat-Sen University GuangzhouChina Harbin Institute of Technology HarbinChina University of Science and Technology of China HefeiChina The Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry Group in University of South China HengyangChina Wuyi University JiangmenChina Shandong University JinanChinaand Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityQingdaoChina Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Nanjing University NanjingChina Guangx. University NanningChina East China University of Science and Technology ShanghaiChina School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuangChina Nankai University TianjinChina Wuhan University WuhanChina x.'an Jiaotong University Xi'anChina x.amen University XiamenChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou

JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of *** publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the △m_(31)^(2),△m_(21)^(2),sin^(2)θ_(12),and sin^(2)θ_(13) oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the *** sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the ex.erimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints ex.ected from the TAO satellite *** is found that the △m_(21)^(2) and sin^(2)θ_(12) oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six.years of data *** the same period,the △m_(31)^(2) parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering *** new precision represents approx.mately an order of magnitude improvement over ex.sting constraints for these three parameters.

关键词： neutrino oscillation reactor antineutrino precision measurement JUNO

JUNO sensitivity on proton decay p→νK^(+)searches

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第11期47卷 7-22页

作者： Angel Abusleme Thomas Adam Shakeel Ahmad Rizwan Ahmed Sebastiano Aiello Muhammad Akram 安丰鹏安琪 Giuseppe Andronico Nikolay Anfimov Vito Antonelli Tatiana Antoshkina Burin Asavapibhop João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André Didier Auguste Nikita Balashov Wander Baldini Andrea Barresi Davide Basilico Eric Baussan Marco Bellato Antonio Bergnoli Thilo Birkenfeld Sylvie Blin David Blum Simon Blyth Anastasia Bolshakova Mathieu Bongrand Clément Bordereau Dominique Breton Augusto Brigatti Riccardo Brugnera Riccardo Bruno Antonio Budano Mario Buscemi Jose Busto Ilya Butorov Anatael Cabrera Barbara Caccianiga 蔡浩蔡啸蔡严克蔡志岩 Riccardo Callegari Antonio Cammi Agustin Campeny 曹传亚曹国富曹俊 Rossella Caruso Cédric Cerna 常劲帆 Yun Chang 陈平平 Po-An Chen 陈少敏陈旭荣 Yi-Wen Chen 陈义学陈羽陈长程捷程雅苹 Alex.y Chetverikov Davide Chiesa Pietro Chimenti Artem Chukanov Gérard Claverie Catia Clementi Barbara Clerbaux.Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo Daniele Corti Flavio Dal Corso Olivia Dalager Christophe De La Taille 邓智邓子艳 Wilfried Depnering Marco Diaz x.efeng Ding 丁雅韵 Bayu Dirgantara Sergey Dmitrievsky Tadeas Dohnal Dmitry Dolzhikov Georgy Donchenko 董建蒙 Evgeny Doroshkevich Marcos Dracos Frédéric Druillole 杜然杜书先 Stefano Dusini Martin Dvorak Timo Enqvist Heike Enzmann Andrea Fabbri Ulrike Fahrendholz 范东华樊磊方建方文兴 Marco Fargetta Dmitry Fedoseev Li-Cheng Feng 冯启春 Richard Ford Amélie Fournier 甘浩男 Feng Gao Alberto Garfagnini Arsenii Gavrikov Marco Giammarchi Agnese Giaz Nunzio Giudice Max.m Gonchar 龚光华宫辉 Yuri Gornushkin Alex.ndre Göttel Marco Grassi Christian Grewing Vasily Gromov 顾旻皓谷肖飞古宇关梦云 Nunzio Guardone Maria Gul 郭聪郭竞渊郭万磊郭新恒郭宇航 Paul Hackspacher Caren Hagner 韩然 Yang Han Muhammad Sohaib Hassan 何苗何伟 Tobias Heinz patrick Hellmuth 衡月昆 Rafael Herrera 贺远强侯少静 Yee Hsiung Bei-Zhen Hu 胡航胡健润胡俊胡守扬胡涛胡宇翔胡焯钧黄春豪黄桂鸿黄翰雄黄文昊黄鑫黄性涛黄永波惠加琪霍雷霍文驹 Cédric Huss Safeer Hussain Ara Ioannisian Roberto Isocrate Beatrice Jelmini Kuo-Lun Jen Ignacio Jeria 季筱璐吉星曌贾慧慧贾俊基蹇司玉蒋荻蒋炜江晓山金如意荆小平 Cécile Jollet Jari Joutsenvaara Sirichok Jungthawan Leonidas Kalousis Philipp Ka Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile SantiagoChile IPHC Universitéde StrasbourgCNRS/IN2P3F-67037 StrasbourgFrance Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology IslamabadPakistan INFN Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell Universitàdi Catania CataniaItaly East China University of Science and Technology ShanghaiChina University of Science and Technology of China HefeiChina Joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica dell Universitàdi Milano MilanoItaly Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand IJCLab UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS/IN2P391405 OrsayFrance Department of Physics and Earth Science University of Ferrara and INFN Sezione di FerraraFerraraItaly INFN Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca MilanoItaly INFN Sezione di Padova PadovaItaly III.Physikalisches Institut B RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Physikalisches InstitutTübingenGermany Institute of High Energy Physics BeijingChina SUBATECH Universitéde NantesIMT AtlantiqueCNRS-IN2P3NantesFrance Univ.Bordeaux CNRSLP2IUMR 5797F-33170 GradignanFrance Department of Physics National Taiwan UniversityTaipei Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Universitàdi Padova and INFN Sezione di Padova PadovaItaly University of Roma Tre and INFN Sezione Roma Tre RomaItaly Aix.Marseille Univ CNRS/IN2P3CPPMMarseilleFrance Wuhan University WuhanChina INFN Milano Bicocca and Politecnico of Milano MilanoItaly National United University Miao-Li Dongguan University of Technology DongguanChina Tsinghua University BeijingChina Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu North China Electric Power University BeijingChina Sun Yat-Sen University GuangzhouChina Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering BeijingChina Universidade Estadual de Londrina LondrinaBrazil INFN Sez

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to ex.lore many topics in fundamental *** this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK^(+)mode with JUNO is *** kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for ***,the ex.ellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed *** on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK^(+)is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data *** estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of ex.osure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.

关键词： proton decay grand unified theories JUNO liquid scintillator detector