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Getting persuasive about the non-invasive:assessing liver fibrosis in practice-without a biopsy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 879-881页

作者： Nida Ansari patrick Twohig Department of Internal Medicine St.Joseph’s University Medical CenterPatersonNJUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Chronic liver disease(CLD)is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States(1,2).The early detection of liver fibrosis is crucial in minimizing disease progression and risk of death(2).While the gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy,it is invasive,costly,and less accessible than non-invasive fibrosis assessment tools which utilize blood work and/or imaging(2,3).The growing prevalence of CLD emphasizes the importance of noninvasive liver disease assessments(NILDA),with the availability of blood base and imaging assessments(3).

关键词： Hepatic fibrosis liver biopsy cirrhosis biomarker

Reinforcing of Citizen’s Trust in E-Government: The Cameroon’s Case

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第1期12卷 77-109页

作者： patrick Dany Bavoua Kenfack Check Njei Department of Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaounde University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

The embracing of ICTs and related technologies has enhanced different approaches for governments worldwide to deliver services to their citizens in a smart way. However, the usage of e-government services by common citizens is recognized as one of the major setbacks of e-government development in both developed and developing countries. Moreover, government agencies in these countries are facing great challenges in keeping the citizens motivated enough to continue to use e-government services. This research aims to investigate the factors that influence citizens’ trust towards continue use of e-government services in Cameroon. The proposed research model consisted of three main constructs including technological, governmental, risk factors as well as six demographic characteristics (age, gender, educational level, income, internet experience and cultural perception). A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was designed to collect data physically and electronically, 352 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Simple and Multiple regression analysis methods were applied to build an adequate model based on the verification of hypotheses proposed. Based on results obtained, four demographic characteristics (age, education, occupation and income) have influence on citizens’ trust in e-government meanwhile gender and cultural affiliation have no influence. Furthermore, technological factors and governmental factors positively influence trust level in e-government, whereas risk factors have a negative influence on trust level. Deducing from the results, a list of recommendations is proposed to the government of Cameroon in order to reinforce citizens’ trust in e-government services.

关键词： E-Government Risk Factors Technological Factors Governmental Factors Trust Linear Regression

The Impact of Solid Waste Generation, Storage and Separation Practices among Households on the Environment in Freetown

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第8期12卷 219-238页

作者： Abdul Malik Bangura patrick Fayia Kanty College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China

As urbanization and population growth continue to increase in Freetown, due to changes in economic, social, environmental, political, and demographic factors, the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation also continues to increase, making its management difficult for the municipal authority. Efficient separation and storage of solid waste at the source of generation can boost resource and energy recovery from MSW. This study examines the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) process, focusing on generation, storage and separation practices among households and their impact on the environment in Freetown. It emphasizes the inclusion of MSWM programs in primary schools to raise public awareness, the implementation of effective waste management practices, and the enforcement of related policies to enhance the MSWM sector, contributing to sustainable MSWM in Freetown. By utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, 393 structured questionnaires were administered across three selected sections to collect data on household solid waste storage and separation practices. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel. The findings show that with a population of 1.53 million people in Freetown, the per capita solid waste generation is 0.58 kg per day. The findings also show that 97% of the households have storage facilities as a result of the increase in awareness and education about the proper storage of solid waste. However, 96% of respondents do not practice separation of solid waste at the source of generation, which has become a concern among researchers in Sierra Leone. Additionally, 88% of respondents are unaware of ISWM principles, with only 12% aware, most of whom have received some education on proper solid waste management. The study recommends improving MSWM in Freetown to protect public health and the environment.

关键词： Generation Storage Separation Household Municipal Solid Waste Freetown

Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1299-1307页

作者： Yanchang Yang Tiantian Liu Jun Li Dandan Yan Yuhan Hu Pin Wu Fuquan Fang patrick M.McQuillan Wenxin Hang Jianhang Leng Zhiyong Hu Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Ningbo Women and Children’s HospitalNingboZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Cell Biology Department Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina

Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial *** studies,however,have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or *** can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative,analgesic,and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive ***,we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes,and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes,in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface,which not only affect Ca^(2+)signaling,inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes,but are even involved in the regulation of the pro-and anti-inflammatory processes of *** would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons,other neuroglia,and vascular *** this review,we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes,and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous *** hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： astrocytes brain-derived neurotrophic factor general anesthetic agents neuron neurotoxicity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor perioperative neurocognition Toll-like receptor γ-aminobutyric acid receptor

Bacterial nanocellulose assembly into super-strong and humidity-responsive macrofibers

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 369-378页

作者： Yadong Zhao Zheng Yang Rusen Zhou Bin Zheng Meiling Chen Fei Liu Wenhua Miao Renwu Zhou patrick Cullen Zhenhai Xia Liming Dai Kostya(Ken)Ostrikov School of Food and Pharmacy Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Center for Plasma BiomedicineXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneySydney 2006Australia School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane 4000Australia Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Australian Carbon Materials Centre(A-CMC) School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Cellulose macrofibers (MFs) are gaining increasing interest as natural and biodegradable alternatives to fossil-derived polymers for both structural and functional applications. However, simultaneously achieving their exceptional mechanical performance and desired functionality is challenging and requires complex processing. Here, we reported a one-step approach using a tension-assisted twisting (TAT) technique for MF fabrication from bacterial cellulose (BC). The TAT stretches and aligns BC nanofibers pre-arranged in hydrogel tubes to form MFs with compactly assembled structures and enhanced hydrogen bonding among neighboring nanofibers. The as-prepared BC MFs exhibited a very high tensile strength of 1 057 MPa and exceptional lifting capacity (over 340 000 when normalized by their own weight). Moreover, due to the volume expansion of BC nanofibers upon water exposure, BC MFs quickly harvested energy from environmental moisture to untwist the bundled networks, thus generating a torsional spinning with a peak rotation speed of 884 r/(min·m). The demonstrated rapid and intense actuation response makes the MFs ideal candidates for diverse humidity-response-based applications beyond advanced actuators, remote rain indicators, intelligent switches, and smart curtains.

关键词： Nanocellulose assembly Cellulose macrofibers Super-strong Humidity-responsive actuation Moisture Fast actuation

A review of ToF-based LiDAR

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第10期45卷 7-19页

作者： Jie Ma Shenglong Zhuo Lei Qiu Yuzhu Gao Yifan Wu Ming Zhong Rui Bai Miao Sun patrick Yin Chiang The College of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of ASIC&System Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Lyne Technologies Shanghai 201203China

In recent years,propelled by the rapid iterative advancements in digital imaging technology and the semiconductor industry,encompassing microelectronic design,manufacturing,packaging,and testing,time-of-flight(ToF)-based imaging systems for acquiring depth information have garnered considerable attention from both academia and *** technology has emerged as a focal point of research within the realm of 3D *** to its relatively straightforward principles and exceptional performance,ToF technology finds extensive applications across various domains including human−computer interaction,autonomous driving,industrial inspection,medical and healthcare,augmented reality,smart homes,and 3D reconstruction,among ***,the increasing maturity of ToF-based LiDAR systems is evident in current *** paper comprehensively reviews the fundamental principles of ToF technology and LiDAR systems,alongside recent research *** elucidates the innovative aspects and technical challenges encountered in both transmitter(TX)and receiver(RX),providing detailed discussions on corresponding ***,the paper explores prospective avenues for future research,offering valuable insights for subsequent investigations.

关键词： time of flight light detection and ranging transmitter receiver

Current Situation Analysis and Suggestions for Solid Waste Management Practices among Households in Freetown

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 95-109页

作者： patrick Fayia Kanty Mohamed Yateh Yongji Zhang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China

Freetown which is the capital city of Sierra Leone is facing challenges with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The study aims to evaluate MSW generation, composition, and disposal methods, as well as the impact of collection fees, policy implementation, and women’s participation in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. The study administered 393 structured questionnaires in three selected sections to collect data on variables such as family size, education, level of knowledge, etc. The study used door-to-door data collection to determine the rate of solid waste generation, composition, and disposal in 66 households from two of the selected sections and 34 households from the other section to evaluate the current situation of MSWM practices among households in Freetown. The study used a descriptive statistic to analyze the data collected using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel software. The findings showed that with a 4.2% urban growth rate, Freetown had a population of 1,467,543 in 2023, generating 851 tons of MSW per day, with organic waste accounting for 78% of the total MSW generated. Plastic waste generation also increased from 7.6% in 2020 to 13% in 2023. The study emphasizes the need to sustain the MSWM system by prioritizing solid waste collection fees, policy enforcement, and women’s participation in the MSWM sector. It further suggests and provides recommendations for developing an efficient and sustainable MSWM system in Sierra Leone, including knowledge transfer from countries like China and the US.

关键词： Freetown Municipal Solid Waste Management Waste Composition Waste Disposal Waste Generation

晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.O'Connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology