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Laboratory Growth of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) and Morphological Determinism of Moulting

Advances in Entomology 2021年第4期9卷 176-185页

作者： Henri Gabriel Tsila patrick akono ntonga Alvine Larissa Meyabeme Elono Timoleon Tchuinkam Mpoame Mbida Biology and Applied Ecology Unit Researches Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Vector Borne Infectious Diseases Laboratory Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms Laboratory Department of Animal Organisms University of Douala Douala Cameroon Forestry Department Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Growth in arthropods in general and in insects in particular, is supposed to be discontinuous and occurs during moulting. In Culicidae in general and Anopheles in particular, the number of moults is five with the fourth which gives the pupae. It is known that moulting in insects is a genetic and physiological phenomenon. Most physiological reactions are triggered by chemical or physical stimuli. The pressure exerted by the growth of the larval body on the exocuticle is one of the triggers of moulting. The objective of this work was therefore to determine the exact timing of the first three moults that determine the growth of An. gambiae larvae from egg hatch to pupation to highlight the role of increased larval size in the stimulation of moulting. We therefore, undertook to rear larvae of this anopheline species in the laboratory under conditions close to their natural environment from hatching to pupation. The length and width of the head, thorax and abdomen were recorded daily. Data analysis showed that the size of the head and thorax remained constant for the first three days (D0 to D2) of development and abdomen’s length for the first two days and then increased daily until day seven (D7) when it stopped. These observations led us to say that the M1 moult occurs at end of the third day of development and the M3 moult at end of the eighth day;the M2 moult could not be determined. All these observations led to the conclusion that the larval growth of An. gambiae has a c

关键词： Anopheles gambiae Larva Growth Determinism Body Sizes Moulting

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Clinical Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine Artesunate-Amodiaquine of Children from Three Chadian Provinces with Acute of Uncomplicated Falciparum malariae from 6 Months to 5 Years

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 788-798页

作者： Issa Ramat Adam Nack Jacques Hamit Mahamat Alio akono ntonga patrick Abakar Idriss Lawane Mahamat Ali Bolti Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Mycology Faculty of Health and Human Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Laboratory of Animal Biology University of Douala Douala Cameroon Renaissance University Teaching Hospital N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the first-line antimalarial drugs used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many endemic countries worldwide. In Chad, since the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs) in its first-line treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria in 2005, Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Amodiaquine have been used in many hospitals and health centers. The main objective of this study was to provide the baseline data of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Amodiaquine efficacy in three regions where many people suffered from malaria disease. Material and Methods: The baseline efficacy of two combination therapies was evaluated between January and April 2020 in Mosoro, Mondou and Dourbali Provinces in Chad. A two-arm single cohort study was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of 1113 children aged from 6 to 59 months with uncomplicated Falciparum malariae diagnosed by thick blood smear examination, using the World Health Organization validated protocol. Results: On day 3, all patients in both groups had cleared parasitemia, after treatment, the patients presented a higher hemoglobin level in both groups artemether-lumefantrine (10.97 ± 1.39) and artesunate-amodiaquine (11.87 ± 1.81), respectively. On day 28, all patients had adequate clinical and parasitological responses with 99.82% of artesunate-amodiaquine and 99.10% of artemether-lumefantrine. Overall, both drugs were well tolerated at the clinical and biological level, no late parasitological failures have been recorded in artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine groups, also both forms of Artemisinin-based combination therapy were still effective and safe in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Chad.

关键词： Plasmodium falciparum Artemeter-Lumefantrine Artesunate-Amodiaquine Efficacy Parasitological Density Hemoglobin Levels

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