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Smoke Alarms for Informal Settlements: Monitoring and Challenges from a Large‑Scale Community Rollout in Cape Town, South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 936-947页

作者： Robyn Pharoah patricia zweig Richard Walls Rodney Eksteen Research Alliance for Disaster and Risk Reduction(RADAR) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa Fire Engineering Research Unit(FireSUN) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa College of Engineering Architecture and TechnologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

This article presents the findings of a pilot project to test the large-scale rollout of smoke alarms in an informal community in Cape Town, South Africa. The work provides novel insight into the effectiveness and challenges associated with using smoke detectors in low-income communities. Technical details and detector considerations are also provided that will assist in enhancing future *** project installed 1200 smoke detection devices in TRA informal settlement in the suburb of Wallacedene, in the City of Cape Town, and monitored their effectiveness for a period of 12 months. The monitoring showed that there were 11 real activations, where the presence of the devices likely saved lives and homes. The project also identified a series of challenges, especially in relation to nuisance alarms,where everyday household emissions, dust, and insect ingress caused false alarms, leading some participants to uninstall devices. The findings of the pilot study suggest that although smoke detectors could provide a valuable tool for reducing the frequency and impact of informal settlement fires in South Africa and elsewhere, they need to be adapted to meet the specific needs and conditions encountered in informal dwellings. Modifications, such as adjusting device sensitivity,preventing dust and insect ingress and tailoring devices to everyday conditions, will be essential to make smoke alarms more suitable and effective in the future. Smoke alarms could become an important component of low-income community fire safety if such challenges can be addressed.

关键词： Fire safety Informal dwellings Smoke alarms South Africa

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Membranes of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity PIM-1 for Gas Separation:Modification Strategies and Meta-Analysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第5期17卷 326-358页

作者： Boya Qiu Yong Gao patricia Gorgojo Xiaolei Fan Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang UniversityWenzhou 325006People’s Republic of China Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon(INMA)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor50018 ZaragozaSpain Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Tecnologias del Medio Ambiente Universidad de ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009 ZaragozaSpain Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo China211 Xingguang RoadNingbo 315048People’s Republic of China

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades,owing to their highly permeable porous ***,challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity,physical aging,and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas *** address these issues,several strategies including chain modification,post-modification,blending with other polymers,and the addition of fillers,have been developed and ***-1 is the most investigated PIMs,and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via ***,the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well,shedding light on their potential in industrial gas *** hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.

关键词： Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs) PIM-1 Gas separation Meta-analysis Upper bound

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Three-dimensional models:from cell culture to Patient-Derived Organoid and its application to future liposarcoma research

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 1-13页

作者： SAYUMI TAHARA SYDNEY RENTSCH FERNANDA COSTAS CASAL DE FARIA patricia SARCHET ROMA KARNA FEDERICA CALORE RAPHAEL E.POLLOCK Department of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other *** to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma *** cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under *** vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell ***,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)***,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between *** the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy *** this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell *** then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO ***,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.

关键词： Cell culture Liposarcoma Patient-Derived Organoid(PDO) Spheroid Three-dimensional(3D)cell culture

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In silico analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA signatures related to Sorafenib effectiveness in liver cancer cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 84-102页

作者： patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda Ester Parras-Martínez Raquel Rey-Pérez Jordi Muntané Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory Centre de Recherche des CordeliersParis 75006France Department of Oncology Surgery Cell Therapy and Organ TransplantationInstitute of Biomedicine of SevilleVirgen del Rocio University HospitalSeville 41013Spain Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases CIBERehdMadrid 28029Spain Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics University of SevilleSeville 41009Spain

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology *** is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced *** patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 *** To define the long non-codingRNA-microRNA-mRNA(lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA)predicted signatures related to selected hallmarks of cancer(apoptosis,autophagy,cell stress,cell dedifferentiation and invasiveness)in RNAseq studies using Sorafenib-treated HepG2 and SNU449 *** available software analyses allowed us to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes following treatment in HepG2 and SNU449 *** HepG2 and SNU449 cells were treated with Sorafenib(10μmol/L)for 24 *** RNA,including small and long RNA,was extracted with a commercial miRNeasy *** was carried out for the identification of changes in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory *** MALAT,THAP9-AS1 and SNGH17 appeared to coordinately regulate miR-374b-3p and miR-769-5p that led to upregulation of SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4 and FAXDC2 in HepG2 ***12,EPB41 L4A-AS1,LINC01578,SNHG12 and GAS5 interacted with let-7b-3p,miR-195-5p and VEGFA in SNU449 *** axes MALAT1/hsamir-374b-3p/SMAD7 and MALAT1/hsa-mir-769-5p/TFAP4 were of high relevance for Sorafenib response in HepG2 cells,whereas PVT1/hsa-miR-195-5p/VEGFA was responsible for the differential response of SNU449 cells to Sorafenib *** Critical lncRNAs acting as sponges of miRNA were identified that regulated mRNA expression,whose proteins mainly increased the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment(SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4,FAXDC2 and ADRB2).However,the broad regulatory axis leading to increased VEGFA expression may be related to the side effect of Sorafenib in SNU449 cells.

关键词： Cell culture Hepatocellular carcinoma Non-coding RNA RNAseq Sorafenib

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Predicting Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index for Fada N’Gourma by 2050 Using CMPI-6 Outputs under SSPs Scenarios

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2025年第1期14卷 31-42页

作者： Tog-Noma patricia Emma Bontogho Andrew Ireson Dominic Boateng-Gyambiby Abdullahi Dini High Institute of Sustainable Development University Yembila Abdoulaye ToguyéniBP 54 Fada N’GourmaBurkina Faso Global Institute for Water Security School of Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of Energy and Natural Resourcescity P.O.Box 214SunyaniGhana

Extreme weather events,such as floods and droughts,are expected to rise significantly worldwide as a result of climate *** future drought patterns is therefore a key approach for elaborating anticipatory water resources management responses to climate *** this paper,future meteorological drought conditions are investigated based on the SPEI(Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index).This study makes use of observed and projected *** simulated data were retrieved from the CMIP6(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6)over the period 2025-2050,and the Delta change method was adopted to remove the bias in the *** SPEI at various scales has been estimated under four future scenarios(SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5).The trend analysis of the projected SPEI was performed at p<0.05 using the MMK(Modified Mann-Kendall)test in order to detect the statistically significant trend of the drought against the null hypothesis of no *** show large variability in the magnitude of drought in the past and *** on SPEI at 24 months accumulation,the result shows that under SSP1-2.6,the basin will experience a wet period during the first decade(SPEI=0.60),the second decade will be dry(SPEI24=-0.43).The remaining years will be also dry(SPEI=-0.34).Under SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios,the district will experience a wet period during the first two decades with SPEI ranging from 0.38 to *** wet period will be followed by a dry period under these scenarios ranging from-0.14 ***,under SSPs scenarios,two main periods characterized by a rainfall recovery spanning from followed by a moderately prolonged drought are identified within the study *** findings of this study may provide valuable information for developing proactive measures to reduce water insecurity in Fada N’Gourma through effective drought mitigation.

关键词： Climate change drought index CMPI-6 Fada N’Gourma SSP-scenarios.

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Reliability Analysis of a 2D Model of a Solar Still Developed Using Comsol® Multiphysics

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2025年第1期13卷 20-50页

作者： Manampy Randrianantenaina Tsiry Angelos Andriamanampisoa Mino patricia Randrianarison Karl Zimmermann Harry Chaplin Edouard Andrianarison cole Suprieure Polytechnique dAntananarivo University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar Laboratoire de Recherche en Matriaux Procds et Gnie Civil Antananarivo Madagascar Tatirano Social Enterprise Fort-Dauphin Madagascar

Solar stills represent a promising solution for desalinating saline waters, providing a sustainable alternative in regions with limited access to drinking water. This study evaluates the reliability of a two-dimensional (2D) numerical model of a solar still, developed using COMSOL® Multiphysics software, focusing on a passive cascading device called “Pano Rano.” Two physical prototypes were constructed: one with a standard concrete basin and the other with acrylic plastic. The simulations revealed significant differences in theoretical yield based on the material used. With a radiation of 1200 W/m2, the acrylic prototype displayed an evaporation of 4455.53 mL/m2 and a production of 2925.98 mL/m2 of distilled water, while the concrete model showed an evaporation of 2109.95 mL/m2 and produced 1383.93 mL/m2 of distilled water. The results indicate that evaporation significantly exceeds condensation, highlighting an underutilized evaporation potential. The evaluation of the numerical model’s performance against experimental results was conducted using the mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The best performance was observed in summer (MSE of 16.24;R2 of 0.95), while winter results were less convincing (MSE of 204.77;R2 of −2.78). This variability underscores the model’s limitations and the need for future research. The study also demonstrates that the choice of basin material significantly influences productivity, with acrylic plastic outperforming concrete in terms of thermal efficiency.

关键词： Solar Desalination Passive Cascade Solar Still Distilled Water Production Pano Rano

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Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal J.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George Jimsheleishvili patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander J.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi James D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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Membranes of Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity PIM-1 for Gas Separation:Modification Strategies and Meta-Analysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第05期 334-366页

作者： Boya Qiu Yong Gao patricia Gorgojo Xiaolei Fan Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringThe University of Manchester Institute of Wenzhou Zhejiang University Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente Universidad de Zaragoza Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs) have received considerable attention for making high-performance membranes for carbon dioxide separation over the last two decades, owing to their highly permeable porous structures. However, challenges regarding its relatively low selectivity, physical aging, and plasticisation impede relevant industrial adoptions for gas separation. To address these issues, several strategies including chain modification, post-modification, blending with other polymers, and the addition of fillers, have been developed and ***-1 is the most investigated PIMs, and hence here we review the stateof-the-arts of the modification strategies of PIM-1 critically and discuss the progress achieved for addressing the aforementioned challenges via meta-analysis. Additionally, the development of PIM-1-based thin film composite membranes is commented as well, shedding light on their potential in industrial gas separation. We hope that the review can be a timely snapshot of the relevant state-of-the-arts of PIMs guiding future design and optimisation of PIMs-based membranes for enhanced performance towards a higher technology readiness level for practical applications.

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Factors Associated with Complications of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2025年第1期14卷 57-67页

作者： Amadou Njifou Njimah Louise Mouangue-Mbonjo patricia Epée Eboumbou Daniele-Christiane Kedy Mangamba Koum François Djomou Louis Richard Njock Department of Surgery and Specialty Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon

Background: In children, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is often complicated by ophthalmological and/or neurological involvement. These complications should be known and recognized, as they require urgent treatment with intravenous antibiotics and close in-hospital monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify the main risk factors associated with the development of complications in children aged 2 - 17 years with ABRS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with ABRS complications in a primary hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: the control group comprising patients without complications (Group 1, n = 82) and the study group comprising patients with complications requiring hospitalization (Group 2, n = 41). We assessed the sociodemographic, clinical, and imaging data of both groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, we assessed risk factors of ABRS complications. Results: No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with ABRS complications (p ≥ 0.05). Factors associated with complications were delay in consultation (t = 5.282;p Conclusions: Intracranial and extracranial complications of ABRS in children have become rare in our setting. These complications can be serious and potentially fatal. Risk factors of these complications are delays in consultation, the presence of ophthalmological signs, and more than one affected sinus. Controlling modifiable factors would improve the treatment success of ABRS complications in children.

关键词： Rhinosinusitis Orbital Complications Endocranial Complications Imaging Children Surgery

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Profitability of Fertilizer Use for Citrus Production in Teso Sub-Region, Eastern Uganda

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 215-225页

作者： Onesmus Semalulu Patrick Makhosi Edgar Samuel Tinyiro Isaac Obongo patricia Driciru Doreen Namamya Park Taeseon Cho Ilho Caroline Asio Bernard Opio Emannuel Ikwap John Adriko National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL) Kampala Uganda National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) Kampala Uganda Korean Partnership for Innovation of Agriculture (KOPIA) Uganda Centre Kampala Uganda Kumi District Administration Kumi Uganda Teso Fruits Cooperative Union Soroti Uganda Ngora District Local Government Ngora Uganda National Forestry Resources Research Institute (NaFORRI) Kampala Uganda

Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture stress, and low soil fertility, among others. Efforts to improve soil fertility are limited by inadequate supply of organic fertilizers due to competing demands. In addition, there is inadequate information on inorganic fertilizer requirements for citrus production in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop optimum fertilizer recommendations for citrus production for Eastern Uganda. The study was conducted in Teso region, Eastern Uganda. Fertilizer (NPK, 17:17:17) was randomly applied to Hamlin, Valencia and Washington varieties with fertilizer and variety factorially arranged for each farm and citrus age range, replicated three times. Fertilizer rates were 0, 139, 278 and 556 kg NPK/ha for the 4 - 7-year old trees, and 0, 278, 556 and 1111 kg NPK/ha for the mature (8 years and above) trees. For a given variety, each fertilizer rate was applied onto three representative trees per farmer, six farmers per district. Results showed that yields and net profits were highest for variety Hamlin, and nearly the same for varieties Washington and Valencia. Fertilizer application increased fruit yield and profits for both the 4 to 7-year and 8 and above-year-old trees, with highest yield and profitability values observed at 556 kg NPK/ha. These results suggest applying 556 kg NPK/ha to citrus per year as an optimum fertilizer rate for citrus production in Teso region. The fertilizer should be applied in smaller splits of 800, 600, and 600 grams per tree, applied in April, June, and August.

关键词： Citrus Varieties Climate-Smart Agriculture Cost-Effectiveness Fertilizer Recommendations Soil Fertility Management

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