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Consumer willingness to pay for plastic bags levy and willingness to accept eco-friendly alternatives in Botswana

Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2017年第3期15卷 255-261页

作者： patricia k.madigele Goemeone E.J Mogomotsi Mavis kolobe Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Department of Legal Services Office of the Vice ChancellorUniversity of Botswana Department of Economics Faculty of Social Sciences University of Botswana

Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.

关键词： Willingness to pay willingness to accept plasticbags plastic bag levy environmental externality

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Community participation in cultural heritage and environmental policy formulation in Botswana

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2018年第2期16卷 171-180页

作者： Goemeone E.J Mogomotsi patricia k Mogomotsi Reniko Gondo Tshenolo J madigele Department of Legal Services Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Botswana Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Department of Theology and Religious Studies University of Botswana

Cultural heritage does not have direct economic benefits. However, if properly managed it can stimulate social cohesions, improving the environment and have beneficial economic spin offs for the local communities. This paper discusses the role of communities in the formulation of the policies concerning their local environment. It argues that community engagement by policy makers is important in giving legitimacy and ownership of the policies. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential of cultural heritage in diversifying the economy in Botswana. This paper recommends for the re-assessment of the relationship between the state and local communities which is critical in resuscitating the seemingly ailing community business organizations. In conclusion, it argues for the sustainable management of cultural heritage as a social and economic resource in the next 50 years of Botswana's independence.

关键词： Cultural heritage sustainable economic growth local communities policy formulation

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