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The use of carbon nanomaterials in membrane distillation membranes:a review

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 755-774页

作者： Sebastian Leaper Ahmed Abdel-Karim patricia Gorgojo Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Water Pollution Research Department National Research CentreGiza 12622Egypt

Membrane distillation(MD)is a thermal-based separation technique with the potential to treat a wide range of water types for various applications and *** challenges remain however,which prevent it from becoming commercially widespread including moderate permeate flux,decline in separation performance over time due to pore wetting and high thermal energy ***,its attractive characteristics such as high rejection(ca.100%)of nonvolatile species,its ability to treat highly saline solutions under low operating pressures(typically atmospheric)as well as its ability to operate at low temperatures,enabling waste-heat integration,continue to drive research interests *** particular interest is the class of carbon-based nanomaterials which includes graphene and carbon nanotubes,whose wide range of properties have been exploited in an attempt to overcome the technical challenges that MD *** low dimensional materials exhibit properties such as high specific surface area,high strength,tuneable hydrophobicity,enhanced vapour transport,high thermal and electrical conductivity and *** use in MD has resulted in improved membrane performance characteristics like increased permeability and reduced fouling *** have also enabled novel membrane capabilities such as in-situ fouling detection and localised heat *** this review we provide a brief introduction to MD and describe key membrane characteristics and fabrication *** then give an account of the various uses of carbon nanomaterials for MD applications,focussing on polymeric membrane *** research directions based on the findings are also suggested.

关键词： carbon nanomaterials graphene membrane distillation desalination carbon nanotubes

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Keeping an ear out:size relationship of the tympanic bullae and pinnae in bandicoots and bilbies(Marsupialia:Peramelemorphia)

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 251-264页

作者： Melissa C.TAYLOR Kenny J.TRAVOUILLON Margaret E.ANDREW patricia A.FLEMING Natalie M.WARBURTON Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch University90 South StMurdochWA 6150Australia Collections and Research Western Australian MuseumWelshpoolWA 6106Australia

Bandicoots and bilbies(Order Peramelemorphia)occupy a broad range of habitats across Australia and New Guinea,from open,arid deserts to dense *** once diverse group has been particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and introduced eutherian predators,and numerous species extinctions and range retractions have *** reasons for this loss requires greater understanding of their *** of the pinnae and tympanic bullae varies markedly among *** hearing is important for both predator avoidance and prey location,the variability in ear morphology could reflect specialization and adaptation to specific environments,and therefore be of conservation *** measured 798 museum specimens representing 29 species of *** for phylogenetic relatedness and head length,pinna surface area was weakly negatively correlated with average precipitation(rainfall being our surrogate measure of vegetation productivity/complexity),and there were no environmental correlates with effective diameter(pinna width).Controlling for phylogenetic relatedness and skull length,tympanic bulla volume was negatively correlated with *** that inhabited drier habitats,which would be open and allow sound to carry further with less obstruction,had relatively larger pinnae and tympanic *** contrast,species from higher rainfall habitats,where sounds would be attenuated and diffused by dense vegetation,had the smallest pinnae and bullae,suggesting that low-frequency hearing is not as important in these *** with temperature did not reach statistical *** findings highlight linkages between hearing traits and habitat that can inform conservation and management strategies for threatened species.

关键词： external ear hearing ecology marsupial middle ear sound perception

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Influence of individual tree characteristics,spatial structure and logging history on tree-related microhabitat occurrence in North American hardwood forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 357-372页

作者： Maxence Martin patricia Raymond Yan Boucher Département des Sciences fondamentales Université du Québec à Chicoutimi555boul.de l’UniversitéChicoutimiQuébec G7H 2B1Canada Institut de la recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue445boul.de l’UniversitéRouyn-NorandaQuébec J9X 5E4Canada Centre d'étude de la forêt Université du Québec à MontréalP.O.Box 8888Centre-ville StationMontréalQuébec H3C 3P8Canada Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêtsde la Faune et des Parcs(MFFP)2700rue EinsteinQuébecQuébec G1P 3W8Canada

Background:Tree-related microhabitats(hereafter,"TreMs")are key components of forest biodiversity but they are still poorly known in North American hardwood *** spatial patterns of living trees bearing TreMs(hereafter,"TreM-trees")also remain to be *** logging practices can lead to a loss of TreM-trees and of their associated biodiversity,it is essential to identify the factors explaining TreM occurrence to better integrate them into forest *** therefore inventoried TreMs in 40.5-ha survey strips in northern hardwood forests in Quebec,Canada,while recording the spatial location of each *** strips were located in unmanaged oldgrowth forests,and 2 were in forests managed under selection *** 4 stands were dominated by sugar maple(Acer saccharum Marsh.)and American beech(Fagus grandifolia Ehrn.).Beech bark disease,an exotic pathology,was observed in all the ***:Large diameter at breast height and low tree vigor were the main characteristics explaining the presence of TreMs at the tree ***-trees presented slight spatial aggregation *** aggregates,however,were not well-defined and were generally constituted by a large number of trees bearing few different types of *** TreM classes(broken branch or top and woodpecker lodge)also presented a spatial *** practices had no significant effect on TreM *** bark disease increased the frequency of senescent *** impact of this pathology on TreMs was however mitigated by the small size of infected trees and probably by the short time elapsed since its ***:The factors explaining the presence and abundance of TreMs on trees has so far been little studied in North American hardwood *** results highlight that TreM-tree characteristics in the surveyed forests are consistent with those of previous studies conducted in other forest types and regions(e.g.,Europe or Northwestern America).To our knowledge,th

关键词： Habitat trees Wildlife habitat Northern hardwoods Old-growth forest Selection cutting Ecosystembased management Biodiversity indicators Conservation Forest management

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Information Needs and Self-Care Practices of Diabetic Patients in Mbala, Northern Province, Zambia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第3期11卷 136-146页

作者： Chisha Jones Simuyemba patricia Katowa-Mukwato patricia Kabwe Chitundu Michael Mumba Kanyanta Facalty of General Nursing Mbala College of Nursing and Midwifery Mbala Zambia Department of Basic and Clinical Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. It is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both” manifested by carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism abnormality. If untreated high blood sugar can damage the nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs. The purpose of this study was to assess the information needs and self-care practice of Diabetic Patients in Mbala, Northern Province Zambia. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study where 105 respondents aged 18 years and above participated in the study. Participants were randomly selected. A structured interview schedule and a check list were used to collect data. Statistics Package for Social Sciences computer software package version 23.0 was used to analyze data. Chi square and fisher’s exact tests were used to test the significance of the association between Knowledge of Diabetes Mellitus, attitude towards self-care practices, self-care practices among Diabetic patients and the need for information among Diabetic patients. A 95% confidence interval and P value of 0.05 were used to ascertain the degree of significance. Multi-variate binary logistic regression model to determine predictors of self-care practices and need for information was also used. Result: On analyzing the dependent variables, more than half (61.9%), had high need for information and three quarters (85.7%) of respondents had poor self-care practices. Slightly more than half (58.1%) had high knowledge levels majority (78.1%), had a negative attitude. Significant associations were found P Conclusion: Negative attitudes and lack of information among Diabetic patients were the main reasons associated with poor self-care practices. Particular attention should therefore be given to ensuring that Diabetic patien

关键词： Information Needs Self-Care Practices Knowledge Attitude Diabetes Mellitus

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Point-of-care ultrasonography in geriatric medicine: usefulness for approaching infectious endocarditis diagnosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第12期19卷 1001-1002页

作者： Pablo Solla patricia Cancelo Eva López Jesús de la Hera César Morís José Gutiérrez Geriatrics Department Geriatrics Clinical Management AreaHospital Monte NarancoOviedoSpain Health Research Institute of Asturias OviedoSpain Cardiology Department Cardiac AreaHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain

Infective endocarditis has a high morbimortality rate,and delay in diagnosis and treatment is associated with a higher prevalence of *** clinical presentation is often atypical in older adults,and even when the classic symptoms are present,they may overlap with those of other conditions,making management more *** present the case of a nonagenarian in whom cardiac-centered point-of-care ultrasound facilitated real-time decision making and the diagnosis of mitral endocarditis.

关键词： diagnosis endocarditis mortality

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Roots and rhizomes of wild Asparagus:Nutritional composition,bioactivity and nanoencapsulation of the most potent extract

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 349-360页

作者： Khaoula Adouni Ana Júlio Celestino Santos-Buelga Ana M.Gonzalez-Paramas Patrícia Filipe patricia Rijo Sofia A.Costa Lima Salette Reis Angela Fernandes Isabel C.F.R.Ferreira Virginia Fernandez-Ruiz patricia Morales Guido Flamini Lotfi Achour Pedro Fonte Laboratoire de Recherche“Bioressources:Biologie Integrative&Valorisation” Institut Superieur de Biotechnologie de MonastirAvenue Tahar HaddedBP 74Universite de Monastir5000MonastirTunisia CBIOS-Research Center for Biosciences&Health Technologies Universidade Lusofona de Humanidades e TecnologiasCampo Grande 3761749-024LisbonPortugal Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Alcal´aCtra.Madrid-Barcelona Km.33.60028871Alcala de HenaresMadridSpain Grupo de Investigacion en Polifenoles(GIP-USAL) Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SalamancaCampus Miguel de UnamunoE-37007SalamancaSpain Research Institute for Medicines(iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of PharmacyUniversidade de LisboaAv.Professor Gama Pinto1649-003LisboaPortugal LAQV REQUIMTEDepartment of Chemical Sciences–Applied Chemistry LabFaculty of Pharmacy10 University of PortoRua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 2284050-313PortoPortugal Centro de Investigacao de Montanha(CIMO) Instituto Politecnico de BragancaCampus de Santa Apolonia5300-253BragancaPortugal Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of PharmacyComplutense University of Madrid(UCM)Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n28040MadridSpain Dipartimento di Farmacia University of Pisavia Bonanno 656126PisaItaly Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca“Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”University of Pisa Via del Borghetto 8056124PisaItaly Center for Marine Sciences(CCMar) University of AlgarveGambelas Campus8005-139FaroPortugal Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of AlgarveGambelas Campus8005-139FaroPortugal iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Department of BioengineeringInstituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de Lisboa1049-001LisboaPortugal Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Tecnico Universidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais1049-001LisboaPortugal

The nutritional composition and bioactive properties of roots and rhizomes of Asparagus stipularis were *** activity of extracts obtained by infusion was evaluated using free radicals scavenging and reducing power *** liver primary cell was used to check the hepatotoxicity of *** revealed that Asparagus samples are likely a source of nutrients,such as dietary fibre and essential fatty ***-DAD-ESI/MS characterization of infusions allowed the identification and quantitation of 7 phenolic compounds,all hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives,with caffeic acid as the most *** infusion contained the highest amounts of these *** also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays,with EC_(50) values of 0.44±0.01,0.98±0.03 and 0.64±0.01 mg/mL for DPPH,ABTS and FRAP assays,respectively,with no toxicity towards PLP2 primary cell cultures(GI_(50)>400μg/mL).PLGA nanoparticles loaded with root extract were prepared using solvent-evaporation double emulsion *** size was about 260 nm and a polydispersity index around 0.1,with a zeta potential of about-36 mV,as well as a good encapsulation efficiency of approximately 83%.Their morphology was analysed by SEM and spherical polymeric nanoparticles with a smooth surface were *** and DSC were also performed,which allowed corroborating the efficacy of the encapsulation and to confirm the production of a stable and robust system to load Asparagus *** developed nanoparticles are expected to be used as delivery systems for bioactive compounds of *** and they could be used as an innovative dietary supplement.

关键词： Asparagus stipularis Nutritional composition Antioxidant activity Nanoparticles PLGA

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A Composite Index-Based Approach for Mapping Ecosystem Service Production Hotspots and Coldspots for Priority Setting in Integrated Watershed Management Programs

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第4期10卷 49-63页

作者： Duncan Kikoyo Srinivasulu Ale patricia Smith Texas A&M University College Station USA

Despite the potential synergism, integrated watershed management and ecosystem services frameworks are rarely used jointly to address the myriad of current water-related issues. The two frameworks are used in this study to spatially identify ecosystem hotspots and coldspots for priority setting in natural resource management programs. Inferred proxies of carbon storage, groundwater supply, surface water supply, and soil retention ecosystem service production potentials were quantified for Texas, U.S., using two complimentary hydro-ecological models, and valued using a non-monetary multi-criteria valuation approach. Maps of individual and composite ecosystem service values showed that several services were co-located and unevenly distributed with most of the high-value hotspots clustered in the eastern part of the state. Individual impacts of land use, climatic and soil properties on the distribution and value of ecosystem services across space were discernable. The study underscored the need for holistic management of landscapes to take advantage of the multiplicity of benefits provided by nature. The approach can readily be incorporated into resource management programs to identify high-value ecosystem service production areas that need conservation, low-value areas that may need restoration, and anthropogenic activities influencing the distribution of ecosystem services.

关键词： HAWQS InVEST Multi-Criteria Analysis Spatial Analysis Sustainability

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Seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton in a multiplereservoir recycling irrigation system

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 465-475页

作者： Ping Kong patricia Richardson Chuanxue Hong Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center Virginia Tech1444 Diamond Springs RoadVirginia BeachVA 23455USA

Background:Agricultural runoff recycling systems are manmade aquatic ecosystems of growing significance to global water sustainability,crop health,and *** study investigated the seasonal dynamics of microbial community in a three-reservoir recycling irrigation system with a stepwise water flow and compared with that of an adjacent runoff-free *** water from all production areas was captured in a sedimentation reservoir which overflowed to a transition reservoir then retention reservoir through a *** water was pumped to replenish the reservoirs as needed during growing ***:16S rDNA PCR clone libraries of quarterly water samples from three reservoirs and one stream were sequenced,and 575 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified and assigned to cyanobacteria,eukaryotic phytoplankton,and other *** compared to the stream,three reservoirs consistently had low microbial diversity.A distinct seasonal pattern of microbial community structure was observed for each reservoir and the *** was consistently dominated by other *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria during the summer and fall and eukaryotic phytoplankton during the winter and *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria beginning in the spring but that dominance was altered when water was pumped from the stream from early spring to fall *** reservoir had the greatest shift of microbial community structure,being dominated by other bacteria in the summer,cyanobacteria in the fall,and eukaryotic phytoplankton in the winter and *** temperature and ammonium level were the two most important contributing factors to the seasonality of microbial community in these ***:The three recycling irrigation reservoirs consistently had lower microbial diversity and distinct community structure when compared to the *** reservoirs were typically dominated by cyanobacteria dur

关键词： Bacteria Cyanobacteria Phytoplankton Seasonal dynamics Water recycling Water quality

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Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Prediction of the Potential Trend up to 2042 Using GIS-Based Model and Remote Sensing Techniques for Kiambu County

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第10期14卷 1036-1063页

作者： Mark Boitt patricia Khayasi Catherine Wambua Institute of Geomatics GIS and Remote Sensing Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya Department of Research and Development GIS and Remote Sensing Section-Mapinfotek Nairobi Kenya

Groundwater is one of the important necessary renewable resources of the world. It forms part of the natural water cycle that is present in the underground strata with the principal sources being precipitation and streamflow. Traditionally, information on the potential occurrence of groundwater was obtained using techniques such as drilling, geophysical, geological, hydro-geological and geo-electrical which are time-consuming, costly and lacked full coverage. This study shows that remote sensing and GIS techniques can be utilized to map groundwater potential using a GIS-based model, the Modified DRASTIC Model, which incorporates factors that influence groundwater occurrence. These factors are the surface attributes that infer groundwater potentials and they include geology, soil texture, land use, lithology, landforms, slope steepness, lineaments and drainage systems. A prediction of the groundwater prediction was done by utilizing the MOLUSCE tool, a plugin in Qgis that utilizes ANN, multicriteria evaluation, weights of evidence and LRs algorithms in predicting land changes. The kappa value for prediction was 0.83. The results showed areas in the Southwest region had low to very low potential and the central region had high to very high potential for all the years and there were little changes between the years. The prediction showed that by 2042, the eastern region of Kiambu County will have a decline in groundwater potential.

关键词： Groundwater DRASTIC MOLUSCE Remote Sensing ANN LR

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Anti-Corrosion and Tribo-Mechanical Properties of Co-deposited Zn–SnO_2 Composite Coating

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第4期28卷 521-530页

作者： Ojo Sunday Isaac Fayomi Abimbola patricia Idowu Popoola Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringTshwane University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant University

Zn-SnO2 composite coatings were prepared by direct potential using electrolytic co-deposition technique from sulfate solution. The effect of Zn2＋ and SnO2 concentrations in deposited bath on the mechanical properties and mor- phological characteristics of the composite coatings were examined. The characterizations of the sample were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy couple with energy dispersive spectroscopy （SEM/EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The electrochemical degradation behavior of the samples in 3.65 wt.% NaCl solution was studied using potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterized by high-resolution optical microscope. From all the fabricated composite coatings, obvious diffraction peaks were observed with Zn-7Sn-S-0.3V film with Zn2Sn7, Sn, Zn2Sn5 and Zn phases, confirming the presence and formation of Zn-SnO2 coating. The XRD pattern shows that the presences of SnO2 particle remarkably play a major role in the precipitation and orientation of the alloy matrix. From the SEM/EDS and AFM results, the deposits show that composite particle and proper bath composition have strong influence on the microstructure. An enhanced corrosion resistance was attained as a result of the induced particles.

关键词： Metal matrix composite Co-deposition Mechanical property Corrosion resistance

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