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Phagocytosis: A Practical Approach for Evaluating Neutrophil Function in Health and Disease

Modern Research in Inflammation 2024年第2期13卷 9-28页

作者： Oscar Rojas-Espinosa patricia arce-paredes Sergio Islas-Trujillo Luis Enrique Becerril-Villanueva María Dolores Ponce-Regalado Departamento de Inmunologa Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolgicas Instituto Politcnico Nacional Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Laboratorio de Psicoinmunologa Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatra Ramn de la Fuente Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Altos Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco Mxico

Neutrophils, crucial players in the effector phase of the immune response, are recognized as important mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, they modulate the function of T and other lymphoid cells. Countless reports have highlighted the importance of these cells as efficient antimicrobial agents and annotated their involvement in the pathology of infectious and noninfectious diseases. The development of modern, sophisticated technologies has allowed the study of the functions of these cells in clinical settings. These advanced technologies include fluorescence-activated cell sorters, confocal microscopy, automated cell image analyzers, and live cell analysis instruments. Unfortunately, the cost of these modern instruments, maintenance, reagents, and the need for qualified technicians prohibit their use in low-income laboratories and universities in developing countries. With this in mind, we propose a series of basic tests that can be used in low-input clinical laboratories and universities to evaluate the function of neutrophils in health and disease. Our methodology allows us to assess in a practical and low-cost manner the functions of neutrophils in the phagocytic process, including opsonization, ingestion, ROI production (NBT reduction), myeloperoxidase content, phagosome-lysosome fusion, microbicidal activity, and NET production. Thus, under a disadvantageous ambiance, this may guide physicians in deciding whether a patient’s illness involves phagocytic defects without imposing a heavy financial *** Abstract[-rId13-]

关键词： Phagocytosis Neutrophils Microbicidal Activity Netosis

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Differential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Three Purified Omega Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mouse

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2016年第3期5卷 31-44页

作者： Pamela Izaret Pérez-Martínez Víctor Gabriel Hernández Oscar Rodríguez-Espinosa patricia arce-paredes Oscar Rojas-Espinosa Departamentos de Inmunología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México Departamentos de Morfología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México

Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been linked to a reduced risk of developing degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart stroke, diabetes, arthritis and cancer. However, only a few scientific investigations have attempted to validate this impression. The ingredients of the MD include significant amounts of omega (ω3, ω6, and ω9) unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). A few studies of these UFAs in the prevention or treatment of arthritis have yielded controversial results, but a general belief regarding their beneficial effects has prevailed. Objective: To investigate the effects of three relevant UFAs, namely Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA), Arachidonic Acid (AA), and Oleic Acid (OA) (ω3, ω6, and ω9, respectively), in the development of arthritis using a murine model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA). Methods: DBA-1 mice were immunized with chicken collagen type II (CII) and were subsequently treated with ω-UFAs for 53 days. Dexamethasone (DEXA) was used as a positive anti-inflammatory agent. The effect of the treatments was evaluated through several parameters: inflammation indices, antibody levels, cell prolifera- tion, and histopathological findings. Results and Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of the tested substances was inversely correlated with the histopathological findings: a greater anti- inflammatory effect was associated with less articular damage. Oleic acid (ω9) was the most efficient anti-inflammatory UFA, followed by DHA and then AA. DEXA completely inhibited the development of arthritis, whereas the untreated CII-immunized mice developed the most severe articular damage. DBA-1 mice with CII-induced arthritis constitute an adequate model for the study of arthritis and its treatment.

关键词： Collagen CIA DBA-1 Mice Omega-UFAs Dexamethasone Anti-Inflammatory

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The effect of alpha asarone, olive oil, and dexamethasone on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse

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Modern Research in Inflammation 2013年第1期2卷 9-20页

作者： Mayda Yanik Aquino-Vega Lorena Rodríguez-Páez patricia arce-paredes Víctor G. Hernández-Chávez Enrique Becerril-Villanueva Oscar Rojas-Espinosa Departamento de Bioquímica Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D.F. México Departamento de Inmunología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D.F. México Departamento de Inmunología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D.F. México Departamento de Morfología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D.F. México

Aim of the Study: The primary aim of the study was to test the effect of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenylbenzene (alpha asarone), a hypocholes terolaemic drug, on the progression of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Olive oil,the vehicle of alpha-asarone, and dexamethasonewere used as control treatments. Set-Up: Four groups of DBA/1 mice were immunised with chicken type II collagen (CII) via the intradermal route and either left untreated or were treated with alpha asarone, olive oil, or dexamethasone. A non-immunised group was an additional control. Follow-Up: The thicknesses of the rear and front footpads were continuously monitored, and the levels of anti-collagen antibodies were measured at the end of the experiment. The animals were then sacrificed, and their rear and front limbs were removed and processed forhistological examination. Results: Alpha asarone had no anti-inflammatory effect on CIA, and in one third of the animals, it showed a proinflammatory effect that was characterised by a marked accumulation of neutrophils. Olive oil did not show any obvious antiinflammatory effect on CIA, but it lowered the level of CII antibodies by 50%, suggesting a potential long-term antiinflammatory effect. As expected, dexamethasone had a clear anti-inflammatory effect on CIA. Con- clusion: Alpha asarone did not show any antiinflammatory effect on CIA in the mice under the above conditions;however, the accumulation of neutrophils in the CIA lesions of mice treated with alpha asarone and the effect of olive oil in downregulating the levels of anti-CII antibodies in CIA are two findings that warrant further investigation.

关键词： Collagen Arthritis Mouse Asarone Olive Oil Dexamethasone

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Characterization of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl bark root extract and evaluation of cytotoxic effect on human tumor cell lines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第7期8卷 345-351页

作者： Paulo Fernando Machado paredes Selene Maia de Morais Fernando Cesar Rodrigues Brito Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Goncalves Moura patricia de Araujo Rodrigues Stephen Rathinaraj Benjamin Francisco Ernani Alves Magalhaes Eridan Orlando Pereira Tramontina Florean Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes Northeast Biotechnology Network Graduate Program of Biotechnology State University of Ceara Itaperi campus Department of Chemistry State University of Ceara Itaperi campus Laboratory of Bioprospecting of Natural Products and Biotechnology State University of CearaCECITEC

Objective: To evaluate the chemical components of active extract from Cnidoscolus quercifolius root bark and its cytotoxic potential against several tumor strains. Methods: The high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and ~1H and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the extract were used to distinguish the existence of possible functional groups in the root bark extract. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of methanol extract on human colon cancer cell lines was evaluated using OVCAR-8, SF-295, HCT-116, HL-60 strains and the samples were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. Results: The analysis of nuclear magnetic spectra of the active chloroform fraction revealed the presence of absorptions bands correspondent to a mixture of favelines such as neofavelanone, deoxofaveline or methyl-faveline, which structures were confirmed by ultraviolet spectra upon high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection analysis. The active fraction showed cytotoxic effects in the tested strains, HCT-116, SF-295, OVCAR-8 and HL-60 cells with IC_(50) of 72 hours ranging from 4.95 to 15.23 μg/mL. Conclusions: The results suggest that the substances present in faveleira(Cnidoscolus quercifolius) root bark extract have a cytotoxic potential against several tumor lines, showing a broader antitumour potential, and in addition no adverse to healthy cells. Therefore, the root bark extract of Cnidoscolus quercifolius has a possibility of use for anticarcinogenic therapies.

关键词： Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. methyl-faveline Deoxofaveline Neofavelanone Faveline Cytotoxicity

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Carbapenemases: A worldwide threat to antimicrobial therapy

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2015年第1期4卷 75-95页

作者： José Miguel Sahuquillo-arce Alicia Hernández-Cabezas Fernanda Yarad-Auad Elisa Ibá?ez-Martínez patricia Falomir-Salcedo Alba Ruiz-Gaitán Grupo de investigación de infecciones respiratorias Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación para la Investigación Hospital La Fe.Torre A46026 ValenciaSpain Servicio de Microbiología Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe46009 ValenciaSpain

Carbapenems are potent β-lactams with activity against extended-spectrum cephalosporinases and β-lactamases. These antibiotics, derived from thienamycn, a carbapenem produced by the environmental bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, were initially used as last-resort treatments forsevere Gram-negative bacterial infections presenting resistance to most β-lactams but have become an empirical option in countries with high prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacterial infections. Imipenem, the first commercially available carbapenem, was approved for clinical use in 1985. Since then, a wide variety of carbapenem-resistant bacteria has appeared, primarily Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, presenting different resistance mechanisms. The most relevant mechanism is the production of carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases, also known as carbapenemases. These enzymes also inactivate all known β-lactams, and some of these enzymes can be acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, plasmids, transposons and integrons harboring these genes typically carry other resistance determinants, rendering the recipient bacteria resistant to almost all currently used antimicrobials, as is the case for K. pneumoniae carbapenemase- or New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-type enzymes. The recent advent of these enzymes in the health landscape presents a serious challenge. First, the emergence of carbapenemases limits the currently available treatment options; second, these enzymes pose a risk to patients, as some studies have demonstrated high mortality associated with carbapenemase-producing bacterial infections; and third, these circumstances require an extra cost to sanitary systems, which are particularly cumbersome in developing countries. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on the early detection of these enzymes, the prevention of the spread of carbapenemase-producing b

关键词： Carbapenemases Origin Epidemiology Evolution Multi-Drug-resistant bacteria

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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