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Experiment/simulation correlation-based methodology for metallic ballistic protection solutions

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第11期29卷 24-38页

作者： Yohan Cosquer patrice Longère Olivier Pantalé Claude Gailhac DGA-Techniques Aéronautiques 31130BalmaFrance Institut Clement Ader Universite de ToulouseISAE-SUPAEROIMT Mines AlbiUPSINSACNRS3RueCarolineAigle31400ToulouseFrance Laboratoire Genie de Production INP/ENITUniversitéde Toulouse47Avenued’AzereixF-65016TarbesFrance CNIM Systemes Industriels 83500 La Seyne-sur-MerFrance

A methodology is developed based on the coupling of a finite element code with an optimisation module for the design of land vehicle armouring composed of lightweight aluminium alloy and high strength steel *** an experiment/simulation correlation,a numerical model has been built and calibrated considering monolithic plates and then verified considering a bi-metal protection against tungsten carbide projectile mimicking the core of a 7.62×51 AP8 *** addition,a method is proposed to obtain the v_(res)-v_(i) curve for the full 7.62×51 AP8 bullet from the v_(res)-v_(i) curve obtained from the core only.

关键词： Impact Terminal ballistics Ballistic limit MARS380 Aluminium alloy 7.62×51 AP8

Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1697-1711页

作者： Anne-Claire Desbois patrice Cacoub Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department Sorbonne Universités UMR_S 959 French National Institute of Health and Medical Research FRE3632 The French National Center for Scientific Research Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP

To summarise the literature data on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities and associated *** conducted a PubMed search and selected all studies found with the key words 'HCV' or 'hepatitis C virus' and 'diabetes' or 'insulin resistance'. We included only comparative studies written in English or in French, published from January 2000 to April 2015. We collected the literature data on HCV-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities [diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR)] and associated risk [i.e., severe liver fibrosis, response to antivirals, and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)].RESULTSHCV infection is significantly associated with DM/IR compared with healthy volunteers and patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Glucose abnormalities were associated with advanced liver fibrosis, lack of sustained virologic response to interferon alfa-based treatment and with a higher risk of HCC development. As new antiviral therapies may offer a cure for HCV infection, such data should be taken into account, from a therapeutic and preventive point of view, for liver and non-liver consequences of HCV disease. The efficacy of antidiabetic treatment in improving the response to antiviral treatment and in decreasing the risk of HCC has been reported by some studies but not by others. Thus, the effects of glucose abnormalities correction in reducing liver events need further *** abnormalities are strongly associated with HCV infection and show a negative impact on the main liver related outcomes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Liver fibrosis Treatment

Recent Advances in Plant Cell Nuclear Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 968-970页

作者： patrice Thuleau Christian Briere Christian Mazars Universite de Toulouse UPS UMR 5546 Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales BP 42617 F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France CNRS UMR 5546 BP 42617 F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan France

In plants, a growing amount of evidence suggests an impor- tant role for the nucleus in the establishment of developmen- tal and adaptive processes. Recent years have contributed to an increase in the knowledge about the nuclear compart- ment that has been considered for a long time as an orga- nelle in which only mechanisms such as transcription and DNA replication occurred. The scenario appears now largely more complicated, in that the nucleus has been shown to harbor a number of partially autonomous regulatory mecha- nisms, to such an extent that some authors claimed that the nucleus is ＇a cell within a cell＇（Rodrigues et al., 2009）. In 2010, Molecular Plant published a special issue bringing together a series of articles on the plant nucleus organization and func- tions （Volume 3, Number 4, 2010）. Here, we give a short high- light of these different reviews that we complement with the most recent advances in this fast-moving field. The readers are also invited to refer to the Focus Issue recently published in Plant Physiology （Cheung and Reddy, 2012）.

关键词： Advances Signaling Cell

Marine invasions enter the genomic era： three lessons from the past, and the way forward

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 629-642页

作者： Frederique VIARD patrice DAVID John A. DARLING Sorbonne Universites UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRS UMR 7144 Lab. Adaptation Et Diversite En Milieu Marin Team Div&Co Station Biologique De Roscoff Roscoff 29682 France CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS-Universite De Montpellier- UM III-EPFIE 1919 Route De Mende Montpellier Cedex 34293 France National Exposure Research Laboratory United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA

The expanding scale and increasing rate of marine biological invasions have been documented since the early 20th century. Besides their global ecological and economic impacts, non-indigenous species （NIS） also have attracted much attention as opportunities to explore important eco-evolutionary processes such as rapid adaptation, long-distance dispersal and range expansion, and secondary contacts between divergent evolutionary lineages. In this context, genetic tools have been extensively used in the past 20 years. Three important issues appear to have emerged from such studies. First, the study of NIS has revealed unexpected cryptic diversity in what had previously been assumed homogeneous entities. Second, there has been surprisingly little evidence of strong founder events accompanying marine introductions, a pattern possibly driven by large propagule loads. Third, the evolutionary processes leading to successful invasion have been difficult to ascertain due to faint genetic signals. Here we explore the potential of novel tools associated with high-throughput sequencing （HTS） to address these still pressing issues. Dramatic increase in the number of loci accessible via HTS has the potential to radically increase the power of analyses aimed at species delineation, exploring the population genomic consequences of range expansions, and examining evolutionary processes such as admixture, introgression, and adaptation. Nevertheless, the value of this new wealth of genomic data will ultimately depend on the ability to couple it with expanded ＂traditional＂ efforts, including exhaustive sampling of marine populations over large geographic scales, integrated taxonomic analyses, and population level exploration of quantitative trait differentiation through common-garden and other laboratory experiments.

关键词： biological invasions cryptic species cryptogenic species eco-evolutionary processes genornics metabarcoding

The geography of introgression in a patchy environment and the thorn in the side of ecological speciation

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 72-86页

作者： Nicolas BIERNE Pierre-Alexandre GAGNAIRE patrice DAVID Universit6 Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISEM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers 34200 S6te France CEFE - CNRS UMR 5175 34293 MontpeUier Cedex 5 France

When incompletely isolated taxa coexist in a patchy environment （e.g. mosaic hybrid zones, host-race complexes）, patterns of variation may differ between selected traits/genes and neutral markers. While the genetic structure of selected traits/loci tends to coincide with habitat variables （producing Genetic-Environment Association or GEA）, genetic differentiation at neutral loci unlinked to any selected locus rather depends on geographic connectivity at a large scale （e.g. Isolation- By-Distance or IBD）, although these loci often display GEA at a small scale. This discrepancy has been repeatedly taken as evi- dence for parallel primary divergence driven by local adaptation. We argue that this interpretation needs to be addressed more thoroughly by considering the alternative hypothesis that speciation was initiated in allopatry and secondary introgression has subsequently erased the signal of past differentiation at neutral loci. We present a model of neutral introgression after secondary contact in a mosaic hybrid zone, which describes how GEAs dissipate with time and how neutral variation self-organizes accord- ing to the environmental and geographic structures. We show that although neutral loci can be affected by environmental selection they are often more affected by history and connectivity： the neutral structure retains the initial geographic separation more than it correlates with the environment during the colonization and introgression phases, and then converges to a migration-drift balance, the most frequent outcome of which is GEA at a local scale but IBD at a large scale. This is the exact pattern usually attributed to parallel ecological speciation. Introgression is heterogeneous in space and depends on the landscape structure （e.g. it is faster in small patches, which are more impacted by immigration）. Furthermore, there is no directionality in the association and it is possi- ble to observe reversed GEAs between distant regions. We argue that the his

关键词： Ecological speciation Local adaptation Mosaic hybrid zone Reproductive isolation Genetic-environment association

Immunovirological Discordance and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Treatment at Hôpital de Jour de Donka, Guinea

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 93-104页

作者： Mariama Sadjo Diallo Djiba Kaba Charles Tchibinda Delicat Issiaga Diallo Boh Fanta Diane Doufin Traore Ousmane Niabaly Oumar Mouctar Diallo Ouo-Ouo Yaramon Kolie Aly patrice Kamano Pascal Koivogui Ahmed Sékou Keita Mohamed Macire Soumah Thierno Mamadou Tounkara Mohamed Cisse Facult des Sciences et Techniques de la Sant Universit Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guine Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire Nestor Bangoura/Helene Labrousse Hpital de Jour Donka CHU Donka Conakry Guine Centre dExcellence Africain Pour la Prvention et le Contrle des Maladies Transmissibles Conakry Guine Service de Dermatologie-Vnrologie CHU Donka Conakry Guine

The antiretroviral treatment (ART) has significantly reduced the number of new HIV/AIDS infections and related deaths. However, cases of immunovirological discordance (IVD) are found in various locations. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of People living with HIV (PLHIV) with IVD and to identify associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the records of PLHIV under ART for at least 6 months, followed at Hpital de Jour Donka from 2015 to 2017, and having both viral load (CV) and CD4 T-cell count. Prevalence of IVD was 34.57%, with 23.87% for immunological discordance (ID) and 10.7% for virological discordance (VD). Females were predominant (66.26%), and male gender influenced IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) and was associated with VD (p = 0.007). The average age was 38.77 11.30 years. PLHIV were classified at WHO stages 3 and 4 (86.01%). The median initial haemoglobin level was 11.5 g/L [3.2 - 12]. The mean initial CD4 T-cell count was 272.84 cells/mm3 201.6. The median initial viral load (VL) was 147,337 copies/mL [1092 - 31,675,000]. The initial CD4 T-cell count 3 was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0009) and correlated with ID (p = 0.000). Prurigo was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Cerebral toxoplasmosis was not associated with IVD but was associated with ID (p = 0.04). This study allowed us to describe the profile of PLHIV with IVD. The main associated factors were male gender, initial CD4 T-cell count 3, toxoplasmosis, prurigo, and herpes zoster.

关键词： HIV Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Immunovirological Discordance Donka Guinea

Scouring of a granular bed by dam break: Experimental study and numerical simulation by a VOF-LPT coupling

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第3期38卷 432-445页

作者： Quyen Thi Le Nguyen Viet Dung Nguyen patrice Coorevits EPROAD Research Unit University of Picardie Jules Verne IUT of Aisne Hanoi University of Civil Engineering

The first part of the research reported here consists of an experimental campaign to study the scouring of a granular bed(glass beads, sand) induced by a dam break in an open channel. Two configurations are considered: with and without cylinders. In the second part of this study, the volume of fluid method coupled with the shear stress transport turbulent model and the lagrangian particle tracking method is used to simulate the local scour processes. The four-way coupling is realized by considering the drag force and collisions between particles. Using a vortex map and velocity profiles, the flow dynamics and scour pattern can be studied. The current research also focuses on the profiles of the erodible particle bed and the sediment transport rate to study the effects of a cylinder on local scour. The presence of the cylinder increases the experimental erosion depth by up to 42%. It was found that for relatively close particle diameters(2 and 3 mm), a granular bed with larger porosity(larger diameter) erodes the *** and numerically it was found that the center of the granular bed experiences more erosion compared to the channel sides. In the last part of the research, comparisons between the numerical results and the experimental data allowed risk areas to be identified and the roles of porosity,sediment density, and flow dynamics on erosion to be identified.

关键词： Volume of fluid Lagrangian particle tracking Scour Granular bed Cylinder Dam break

Gut microbiome in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and specific changes associated with acute graft vs host disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第45期27卷 7792-7800页

作者： Quentin Le Bastard patrice Chevallier Emmanuel Montassier Department of Emergency Medicine Nantes University HospitalNantes 44093France Department of Hematology Nantes University HospitalNantes 44093France

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(aHSCT)is a standard validated therapy for patients suffering from malignant and nonmalignant hematological ***,aHSCT procedures are limited by potentially life-threatening complications,and one of the most serious complications is acute graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).During the last decades,DNA sequencing technologies were used to investigate relationship between composition or function of the gut microbiome and disease *** if it remains unclear whether these microbiome alterations are causative or secondary to the presence of the disease,they may be useful for diagnosis,prevention and therapy in aHSCT ***,we summarized the most recent findings of the association between human gut microbiome changes and acute GVHD in patients receiving aHSCT.

关键词： Gut microbiome DNA sequencing technologies Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Transplants Acute graft vs host disease Biomarkers Composition Function

Interaction between a diesel-fuel spray and entrained air with single- and double-injection strategies using large eddy simulations

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第1期9卷 37-50页

作者： Jonathan Brulatout François Garnier patrice Seers Mechanical Engineering Department École de Technologie Supérieure1100 Notre-Dame Street WestMontrealH3C 1K3Canada

Interaction between fuel and air in a combustion chamber is one of the main drivers of the mixing ***,flow visualizations are limited by high droplet density in the ***,the ability of large eddy simulations(LES)to resolve large scales of flow offers good perspectives on capturing flow structures issued from the interaction between the Lagrangian(fuel droplets)and Eulerian(ambient gas)*** study examined these interactions first during a single injection using 3D and 2D criteria for both *** for the 3D criteria,the spray shape was analyzed in parallel to the Q-criteria applied to the Eulerian phase,making it possible to relate the spray deformations to some specific Eulerian ***,2D criteria were the fuel mass-fraction field and Eulerian streamlines,both taken in the mid-plane of the *** last analysis allows for identifying certain mechanisms involved in the Eulerian phase’s structure generation and relates it to high fuel-concentration areas in the fuel mass-fraction visualizations.

关键词： Diesel fuel spray Large eddy simulation Multiple injection Coherent structures Lagrangian-Eulerian interaction Air-spray interactions