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Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem Shams patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

Results of Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder (TURB) for the Treatment of Non-Infiltrating Bladder Tumors (NMIBT) in Musk in Bouake

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 39-49页

作者： Kouassi patrice Avion N’diamoi Akassimadou Venance Alloka Sadia Kamara Koffi Dje Urology Department Bouaké University Hospital (CHU) Bouaké Ivory Coast

Background: bladder tumors rank 2nd among urological tumors in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire. Objective: to report the results of transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) for the treatment of non-muscle-infiltrating bladder tumors (NMIBT) in Bouaké. Patients and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) for the treatment of non-muscle-infiltrating bladder tumors (NMIBT) between January 2022 and April 2023. All patients and their families were informed in advance and had signed an informed consent form. All patients with a non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor confirmed by an initial TURB were included, and patients with a bladder tumor infiltrating the bladder muscle were excluded. Diagnosis was based on cystoscopy and anatomopathological examination of resection shavings. Parameters studied were: age, sex, risk factors, reason for consultation, clinical signs, cystoscopy findings, stage, grade, Evolution. Results: 17 patients with a mean age of 53.7 years (22-73 years) underwent trans-ureteral bladder resection to treat a non-muscle-infiltrating bladder tumor (NMIBT). Male gender predominated with 88.23% (n = 15), the majority of patients came from the ME region with 47.05% (n = 8), farmers were the most numerous (52.94%;n = 9). The most frequent reason for consultation was macroscopic hematuria with 64.1% (n = 11), risk factors were dominated by urinary bilharziasis with 70.58% (n = 12), physical examination was normal in 47.05% (n = 8). Hemoglobin (HB) levels were between 7.5 and 8.5 g/dl in 52.94% (n = 9). On cystoscopy, the tumor was budding in 76.45% (n = 13), the localization was trigonal in 52.9% (n = 9) and the base of implantation was sessile in 70.52% (n = 12). On ultrasound, the tumor was 3 cm or larger in 70.52% (n = 12). Therapeutically, 82.35% (n = 14) of patients received a blood transfusion. TURB was complete in the majority of cases 88.23% (n = 15). Squamous cell

关键词： Bladder Tumor NMIBT TURB Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TRUP) for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in Central Cote D’Ivoire: Indications and Results

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 27-38页

作者： Kouassi patrice Avion N’diamoi Akassimadou Venance Alloka Sadia Kamara Koffi Dje Urology Department Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is defined histologically as adenomyofromatous hyperplasia of the transitional zone of the prostate. It remains the most common benign tumour in men over the age of 50, and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the surgical treatment of choice. Objectives: To determine the indications and present our results of transurethral resection of the prostate. Patients and Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethics committee of the private hospital and the university hospital of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire), we conducted a cross-sectional study of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between January 2021 and April 2023. All patients and their families were informed beforehand and had signed an informed consent form. All patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with ultrasound weight of less than 80 grams were included. The following parameters were studied: age, reason for consultation, ultrasound prostate weight of benign prostatic hyperplasia, indication for TURP, duration of operation, blood loss, duration of post-PRT urinary drainage, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality, and outcome. Results: 39 patients with a mean age of 58.3 years (57-77 years) underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). TURP was indicated in 46.15% (n = 18) of cases of refractory acute urinary retention with failure of the urinary catheter removal test, 17.94% (n = 7) of cases of lower urinary tract disorders that were incapacitating despite treatment, 15.38% (n = 6) of cases of refractory or recurrent urinary tract infection, 10.25% (n = 4) of cases of failure of medical treatment and 10.25% (n = 4) of cases of iterative hematuria. The mean duration of TURP was 53.68 min (48-57), the mean weight of the resected prostate was 58.7 g (35 and 83 g), blood loss was minimal in 92.30% (n = 36), the mean duration of irrigation-washing was 2. 5 days (1-3 da

关键词： BPH TURP Endo-Urology Prostate

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, Cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： Diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle patrice Kuitekam Dongo Edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Research Center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (CREGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals Rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss Accumulation

Epidemiological and Computed Tomography Aspects of Facial Trauma at Kira Hospital in Bujumbura

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 83-91页

作者： Sébastien Manirakiza Jean Marie Banziriyubusa Stany Harakandi patrice Barasukana Chantal Murekatete Daniel Nduwayo Jean Bosco Bizimana Léopold Nzisabira Department of Radiology Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology) Teaching Hospita lof Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi

Background: Maxillofacial trauma affects young adults more. The injury assessment is difficult to establish in low-income countries because of the imaging means, particularly the scanner, which is poorly available and less financially accessible. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile and the various tomodensitometric aspects of traumatic lesions of the face in patients received in the Radiology department of Kira Hospital. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study involving 104 patients of all ages over a period of 2 years from December 2018 to November 2019 in the medical imaging department of KIRA HOSPITAL. We included in our study any patient having undergone a CT scan of the head and presenting at least one lesion of the facial mass, whether associated with other cranioencephalic lesions. Results: Among the 384 patients received for head trauma, 104 patients (27.1% of cases) presented facial damage. The average age of our patients was 32.02 years with extremes of 8 months and 79 years. In our study, 87 of the patients (83.6%) were male. The road accident was the circumstance in which facial trauma occurred in 79 patients (76% of cases). These injuries were accompanied by at least one bone fracture in 97 patients (93.3%). Patients with fractures of more than 3 facial bones accounted for 40.2% of cases and those with fractures of 2 to 3 bones accounted for 44.6% of cases. The midface was the site of the fracture in 85 patients (87.6% of cases). Orbital wall fractures were noted in 57 patients (58.8% of cases) and the jawbone was the site of a fracture in 50 patients (51.5% of cases). In the vault, the fractures involved the extra-facial frontal bone (36.1% of cases) and temporal bone (18.6% of cases). Cerebral contusion was noted in 41.2% of patients and pneumoencephaly in 15.5% of patients. Extradural hematoma was present in 16 patients and subdural hematoma affected 13 patients. Conclusion: Computed tomography is

关键词： Road Accident CT-Scan Facial Trauma

Cholinesterase Activity as an Indicator of Health Risks among Kou Valley Farmers

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 71-86页

作者： Thiombiano Cherileila Hien S. Aristide Koevi Nadège Bayili Bazoma Ouattara Abdoulaye Traore patrice Traore T. Isidore Hien Herve Centre Muraz Institut National de Sant Publique (INSP) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Suprieur des Science de la Sant (INSSA) University of Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant (IRSS) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Pesticides are currently an essential component of agricultural production techniques for controlling pests and weeds. In Burkina Faso, non-compliance with good practice in the use of pesticides poses a real health problem for the population. This study examines the health risks associated with pesticide management in rice-growing areas. Material and Methods: A field survey was conducted in Bama, involving farmers, focusing on their socio-demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and health effects. Cholinesterase levels were measured in subsample of farmers using a portable device. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, calculating means and percentages for various practices. Health consultations, protection methods, and pesticide management were studied. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was compared before and after treatment. Data were categorised into classes based on inhibition levels, and correlation analyses determined relationships between variables such as age, years of experience, and cholinesterase activity. Results: The results indicate that rice cultivation is mainly carried out by a fairly young population, with nearly 63% being under the age of 50. Common poor practices in pesticide use include improper storage and reuse of leftover pesticides. Seven types of pesticides were identified, including organophosphates such as glyphosate, which was used in 26.7% of cases. This organophosphate has resulted in class B poisoning, causing a 30% - 50% reduction in erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. The health effects of pesticide use are felt by agricultural farmers through various symptoms of poisoning. Conclusion: To reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, it is essential to launch information and awareness campaigns among the population and farmers to promote safe practices in pesticide use in Bama, Burkina Faso.

关键词： Pesticides Environmental Sanitary Risk Acetylcholinesterase Farmers Bama Burkina Faso

Bithalamic Ischemic Stroke in Sickle Cell Patient at the Kamenge University Hospital in Burundi: Case Report

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第2期14卷 72-78页

作者： Sébastien Manirakiza Daniel Nduwayo patrice Barasukana Chantal Murekatete Jean Bosco Bizimana Alice Ndayishimiye Léopold Nzisabira Hélène Bukuru Department of Radiology Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Internal Medicine Neurology Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Surgery Neurosurgery Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Department of Pediatrics Kamenge University Hospital Center University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Aim: To describe the clinical and radiological diagnostic for a sickle cell patient who got a bithalamic vasculature accident. Observation: This was a 4-year-old female child admitted to the pediatric ward for convulsive seizures in a feverish context. The physical examination did not find signs of meningeal irritation. The effective workup including thick gout, lumbar puncture, complete blood count, and C reactive protein was normal. An electrocencephalogram was not performed due to lack of availability of the device. Based on clinical data and the fact that Burundi is an area of high malaria prevalence, antimalarial and anticonvulsant treatment has been started. An alteration of consciousness (the Glasgow score of 7) had motivated a CT scan. Bithalamic hypodensities in favor of a vascular accident have been demonstrated. Etiological investigation revealed homozygous sickle cell disease ss during hemoglobin electrophoresis. The final evolution has been characterized by a return to normal consciousness. Conclusion: The complexity of the clinical picture following occlusion of Percherons artery makes it difficult to diagnose. Sickle cell disease may favour the occurrence of ischaemic lesions. Cerebral imaging enables the diagnosis to be made with certainty and avoids delays in treatment.

关键词： Stroke Bithalamic Infarction Sickel Cell Percheron Artery

Impact of Plastic Waste on the Human Health in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第5期15卷 572-595页

作者： Ramde Wendkoaghenda Sophie Gbandama Koffi Kouame Pacome Gansore Aminata Camara Kelety Tolno Barthélemy Assogba Ange Wenceslas Vinciale Niare Boubacar patrice Ngangue Institute for Interdisciplinary Training and Research in Health Sciences and Education Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Regional Directorate of Health and Public Hygiene of South-Central Burkina Faso Ministry of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Health Promotion and Education Ministry of Health and Public Hygi&#232ne Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Dermatology-Venorology Treichville University Hospital F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Donka National Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Bamako Mali National AIDS Control Program PNLS Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Marketing and Consumer Welfare Research Laboratory Abomey-Calavi University Cotonou Benin Regional Health Directorate of the District of Bamako Ministry of Health and Social Development Bamako Mali Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Faculty of Nursing Sciences Laval University Quebec Canada

Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, and 26 were selected for full-text review. Only three articles were retained. The three articles dealt with practices likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic chemicals in human health, as well as the level of awareness of participants concerning the possible impact of plastic on human health, namely, the use of plastic baby bottles, the use of microwaves to cook food and reheat precooked food, the use of plastic bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier containers with plastic bodies and plastic lunch boxes, the reuse of plastic bags and the inadequacy of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Plastic waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life cycle. Hence, strategies must be adopted to raise public awareness of the dangers of plastic

关键词： Human Population Plastic Waste Health Impact Low-Income-Countries (Humans Iatrogenic Disease Plastics Policy Recycling Waste Management)

Normal Range of Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio in Healthy, Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4 - 5 and Hemodialysis Participant in a Sub-Saharan African Context

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 104-114页

作者： Fouda Menye Epse Ebana Hermine Danielle Elimby Lionel Thierry Sevele Deussi De Ngaha Bogne Takam Yvan Halle Marie-patrice Eveline Ngouadjeu Dongho Department of Medicine and Specialties General Hospital of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutic Sciences of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Neutrophile to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a well-established marker of inflammation. It has been reported to be high in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is described as a prognosis factor in hemodialysis patients. However, limited data are available about the normal range of NLR in healthy adults as well as CKD patients including hemodialysis black Africans in Sub-Saharan countries. We sought to study NLR in healthy and advanced CKD in a single Cameroonian health facility. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from blood donors, CKD stage 4 and non-dialysis stage 5, and hemodialysis patients for more than 6 months. Patients with confounding factors such as positive CRP, infection, and recent use of steroids were excluded. RNL means standard deviations (SDs), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined. RNL range was defined as percentiles P2.5 to P97.5. Results: A total of 102 participants were included. Mean age was 40.45 ± 9.97 years and 58.8% were male. Age and sex distribution were similar in the three groups. Leucopenia and neutropenia were common in all the groups. Means NLR was 1.29 ± 0.57 (95% CI 1.08 - 1.49) range between 0.55 to 2.67;2.31 ± 1.3 (95% CI 1.75 - 2.88) with range between 0.69 to 4.31 and 2.14 ± 0.98 (95% CI 1.85 - 2.44) with range between 0.77 to 4.32 respectively in controls, CKD, and hemodialysis participants. NLR was comparable in CKD and hemodialysis patients (p = 0.99). Compared to controls, NLR was significantly elevated in CKD (p = 0.043) and hemodialysis patients (p Conclusion: Our data suggest that the normal range for NLR in adult nongeriatric healthy and advanced CKD patients including those on chronic hemodialysis may vary between 0.55 to 2.67 and 0.69 to 4.32 respectively.

关键词： NLR CKD Hemodialysis Cameroon