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Seasonal variation for the antidiabetic activity of Loranthus micranthus methanol extract

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第3期3卷 196-199页

作者： patience ogoamaka osadebe Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje Philip Felix Uzor Ernest Kenechukwu David Damian Chiedozie Obiorah Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria

Objective:To determine the season in which the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus,parasitic on Persea americana possesses optimum antidiabetic activity and to determine the seasonal variation in the ***:The antidiabetic activities of the aqueous methanol extracts of the leaves of Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus, harvested in two seasons of the year,the onset of rainy season(April) and the peak of rainy season(July) were *** tests were carried out on six(6) groups(A-F) of alloxaninduced diabetic *** A and B received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the April sample extracts respectively while groups C and D received same doses of the July sample extracts. Group E and F which were the positive and negative controls received 10 mg/kg of glibenclamide and 2 ml/kg of 3%tween 20 *** blood glucose levels of the animals were monitored hourly with a glucometer for six *** phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts were also carried out by standard ***:The results showed that group A and B exhibited significant(P0.05) FBS reduction(15.9%) while group D exhibited highly significant(P<0.01) reduction (47.5%) with the maximum reduction occurring after 6 *** phytochemical analysis of the crude methanol extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates,glycosides,saponins, tannins,flavonoids,steroids,terpenoids,acidic compounds,resins and *** were present in different proportions in both ***:This study shows that there is a seasonal, dose-dependent variation in the chemical composition viz-a-viz the antidiabetic activity of the plant under *** activity is highest at the peak of the rainy season.

关键词： Antidiabetic activity Loranthus micranthus Methanol extract Phytochemical analysis Seasonal variation

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Antidiabetic principles of Loranthus micranthus *** on Persea americana

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第8期3卷 619-623页

作者： patience ogoamaka osadebe Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje Sylvester Chukwuemeka Nworu Charles Okechukwu Esimone Philip Felix Uzor Ernest kenechukwu David John Uchechukwu Uzoma Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of NigeriaNsukka410001NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka.410001NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Departrment of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To explore antidiabetic principles of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranlhus micranthus Linn,parasitic on Persea ***:The weakly acidic fraction of the aqueous methanol extract of the leaves of Loranlhus micranthus(Linn.) was isolated and tested for its antidiabetic *** isolation of the weakly acidic fraction was carried out following established physico-chemical based ***,alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated intraperitoneally(ip) with 250 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the weakly acidic fraction, glibenclamide 10 mg/kg(positive control) and 2 mg/kg of 3%v/v tween 20(negative control).The sugar levels of the treated and untreated animals were determined by withdrawing the blood at regular intervals and testing them with an automated *** phytochemical analysis of the acidic fraction was carried out using standard *** techniques were employed in the subsequent isolation and purification of the constituents of the weakly acidic ***:It was shown that the maximum effect of the weakly acidic fraction was obtained at 24 hours after administration and was found to be statistically comparable with that of the positive *** phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids,terpenoids, alkaloids,flavonoids,glycosides,carbohydrates,saponins,and acidic compounds in the crude extract and carbohydrates,*** and oil in the weakly acidic *** purification of the weakly acidic fraction of the methanol extract using thin layer chromatography shows that toluene:methanol:diethyl amine(3:1:1) and chloroform:methanol:diethyl amine (9:1:1) are the best solvent system for the isolation of the various components of the weakly acidic fraction of the crude methanol extract of Loranlhus ***:The present study has led to the conclusion that the weakly acidic fraction of the plant under study has the potent antidiabetic activity and that t

关键词： Antidiabetic isolation Loranthus micranthus Thin layer chromatography Weakly acidic fraction

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Immunomodulatory activity of a lupane triterpenoid ester isolated from the eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus(Linn)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 514-522页

作者： Omeje Edwin Ogechukwu osadebe patience ogoamaka Nworu Chukwuemeka Sylvester Akira Kawamura Peter Proksch Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria410001NsukkaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria410001NsukkaNigeria Department of Chemistry Hunter College of CUNYThe City University of New YorkU.S.A Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Heinrich-Hein UniversityDusseldorfGermany

Objective:To provide further evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe,Loranthus micranthus(***),as an ***:Solvent fractions from the crude extract of the mistletoe plant was obtained and screened by the cell mediated delayed type hypersensitivity reaction(DTHR) model in *** the immunomodulatory potentials of a major lupane triterpenoid ester isolated from an active hexane fraction of the Eastern Nigeria mistletoe was *** lupeol-based triterpenoid esters: 7β15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-3β-palmitate(Ⅰ),7β,15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)- ene-3β-stearate(Ⅱ) and 7β,15α-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-3β-decadecanoate(Ⅲ) were isolated from the plant leaves epiphyting on a local kola nut tree and were characterized. Compound 1 was subjected to cell proliferation studies using C57H1/6 splenocvtes at three dose levels(5.25 and 100μg/mL) in presence of ***,the effect of this compound on IL-8 receptor expression was evaluated at three doses(1,5 and 10μg/mL) using the real time polymerase chain reaction ***:This triterpenoid ester produced some enhancement of the splenocytes at the tested doses but at doses higher than 5μg/mL caused inhibition of the IL-8 receptor ***:The present findings support the ethnomedicinal use of the Eastern Nigeria Mistletoe in the management of diseases affecting the immune *** trilerpenoid(s) have some immunomodulatory abilities on splenocytes and IL-8 receptors and may partly account lor the overall immunomodulatory activity of this plant.

关键词： Lupane triterpenoid Loranthus micranthus Eastern Nigeria mistletoe Interleukin-8 Cell proliferation Anti-inflammatory

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Studies on the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions of Alchornea floribunda leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 7-14页

作者： Festus BC Okoye patience O.osadebe Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:Alchornea floribunda leaves are widely used in ethnomedicinal management of inflammatory disorders. The present work is aimed at investigating this folkloric ***:The anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extracts and fractions was investigated in experimental animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. The possible mechanisms by which the two most active fractions,hexane(HE) and ethyl acetate(EF) exert their effects were also ***:The crude extract(200 mg/kg) showed moderate inhibition of egg albumen-induced edema in rats(%edema inhibition = 54.69) at 4 *** and EF showed very high activity(%edema inhibition of 81.25 and 67.19 respectively at 200 mg/kg) at 4h as compared to the control. Both fractions ameliorated arthritis induced by formaldehyde in *** 400 mg/kg,HE evofeed a significant irritation of gastric mucosa in ***(200 mg/kg,p.o.) significantly inhibited leucocytes(%inhibition = 36.79) migration in vivo,but could not stabilize heat and hypotonicity-indueed lysis of human erythrocyte at 200 and 400μg/mL in *** investigation revealed the presence of terpenoids and steroids in HE and flavonoids,tannins and saponins in ***:These results suggest that the leaves of Alchornea floribunda possess anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic *** activity may derive from a combination of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and leucocytes *** phytochemical constituents detected in HE and EF may account for the anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Alchornea floribunda Anti-inflammatory Arthritis Leucocytes migration Membrane stabilization Plant extracts

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Antimotility effects of extracts and fractions of Eastern Nigeria mistletoe(Loranthus micranthus Linn)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第7期5卷 556-560页

作者： patience O osadebe Chika C Abba Matthias O Agbo Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the antimotility activity of Eastern Nigerian mistletoe[Loranthus micranthus（***） Linn]parasitic on six different host trees *** nitida,Persia americana,Kola accuminata,Irvingia gabonensis,Citrus simensis and Pentacletra macrophylla （***）.Methods:The antimotility of the methanol extracts and solvent fractions were evaluated in castor oil induced diarrheoa in ***:The methanol extracts（200 mg/kg, i.p.） inhibited defeacation significantly（P 5 exhibited inhibitory activity which was comparable to loperamide（73.3%）. Conclusions:The methanol extract of L micranthus parasitic on *** exhibits higher antimotility activity that other *** solvent fractions could serve as source of novel antimotility agents.

关键词： Loranthus micranthus Fractination Gastrointestinal transit Atropine

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Phytochemical analysis,hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 289-293页

作者： patience O osadebe Festus BC Okoye Philip F Uzor Nneka R Nnamani Ijeoma E Adiele Nkemakonam C Obiano Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka41001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (***) leaf ***:Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the *** ***(Fam:Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in *** degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase(SGOT/ AST),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SCPT/ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and total *** in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by the I,I-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging *** extract was subjected to preliminary phytoehemical ***:The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions,at a dose of 300 mg/kg,produced significant(P<0.05) hepatoprolection by decreasing the activities of the serum enzymes and bilirubin while there were marked scavenging of the DPPH free radicals by the *** effects were comparable to those of the standard drugs used for the respective experiments,silymarin and ascorbic ***,flavonoids,saponins and tannins were delected in the phylochemical ***:From this study,it was concluded that the plant of *** possesses hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activities and these activities reside mainly in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of methanol leaf extract.

关键词： Alchornea cordifolia Antioxidant Carbon tetrachloride DPPH model Hepatoprolective Phytochemical analysis

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Aqueous Solubility Enhancement of Mirtazapine: Effect of Cosolvent and Surfactant

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第10期6卷 471-476页

作者： Kenneth E. Ezealisiji Chika J. Mbah patience O. osadebe Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

The poor aqueous solubility of drugs is a challenging problem faced by pharmaceutical scientists in drug formulation. Cosolvency and micellization techniques have been severally used to enhance the solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant used for the treatment of moderate to severe depression and anxiety, has very poor aqueous solubility. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of solubilizing agents (cosolvents and surfactants) on the aqueous solubility of mirtazapine while envisaging that any significant improvement in its aqueous solubility could contribute towards alleviating the withdrawal symptoms often associated with the drug. The solubility of mirtazapine was determined at room temperature in aqueous mixtures of cosolvents (propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400) and surfactants (polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80 and sodium lauryl sulfate). An exponential increase in mirtazapine solubility was observed when total drug solubility in water-cosolvent system was plotted against cosolvent fraction volume. Polyethylene glycol 400 gave larger solubilization capacity (σ) when compared to propylene glycol. With the surfactants, linear relationship between the total solubility of the drug in water-surfactant mixtures and surfactant concentration was noted. Sodium lauryl sulfate showed the largest solubilization power (k) when compared to the nonionic surfactants (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 respectively). A linear relationship between standard free energy and partition coefficient was also observed. The result of the study shows that aqueous solubility of mirtazapine is significantly improved by cosolvency and micellization and therefore there exists the possibility of improving the withdrawal symptoms often experienced with the drug. It also suggests that large free energy is required for drugs with high partition coefficients to permeate the biological membrane.

关键词： Mirtazapine Cosolvency Micellization Aqueous Solubility

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Xylose: absorption, fermentation, and post-absorptive metabolism in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： Nichole F.Huntley John F.patience Department of Animal Science 213 Kildee HallIowa State University Department of Animal Science 201B Kildee HallIowa State University

Xylose, as β-1,4-linked xylan, makes up much of the hemicel ulose in cel wal s of cereal carbohydrates fed to pigs. As inclusion of fibrous ingredients in swine diets continues to increase, supplementation of carbohydrases, such as xylanase,is of interest. However, much progress is warranted to achieve consistent enzyme efficacy, including an improved understanding of the utilization and energetic contribution of xylanase hydrolysis product（i.e. xylooligosaccharides or monomeric xylose）. This review examines reports on xylose absorption and metabolism in the pig and identifies gaps in this knowledge that are essential to understanding the value of carbohydrase hydrolysis products in the nutrition of the pig. Xylose research in pigs was first reported in 1954, with only sporadic contributions since. Therefore, this review also discusses relevant xylose research in other monogastric species, including humans. In both pigs and poultry, increasing purified D-xylose inclusion general y results in linear decreases in performance, efficiency, and diet digestibility. However,supplementation levels studied thus far have ranged from 5% to 40%, while theoretical xylose release due to xylanase supplementation would be less than 4%. More than 95% of ingested D-xylose disappears before the terminal ileum but mechanisms of absorption have yet to be ful y elucidated. Some data support the hypothesis that mechanisms exist to handle low xylose concentrations but become overwhelmed as luminal concentrations increase. Very little is known about xylose metabolic utilization in vertebrates but it is wel recognized that a large proportion of dietary xylose appears in the urine and significantly decreases the metabolizable energy available from the diet. Nevertheless, evidence of labeled D-xylose-1-^（14）C appearing as expired^（14）CO_2 in both humans and guinea pigs suggests that there is potential,although small, for xylose oxidation. It is yet to be determined if pigs develop increased xy

关键词： Pentose utilization Swine Threitol Xylose absorption Xylose metabolism

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High Capacity Data Rate System:Review of Visible Light Communications Technology

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2020年第3期18卷 241-265页

作者： Augustus Ehiremen Ibhaze patience Ebehiremen Orukpe Frederick Obataimen Edeko Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of LagosLagos 100213 Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering University of BeninBenin City 300283

Wireless communications have become an integral part of global convergence as global connectedness has gradually become dependent on its efficient *** need for"more-broadband"techniques in relation to the ever increasing growth rate of the data hungry society now necessitates novel techniques for the high-speed data *** advancements have been made in this regard,the projection of having an eventual Internet of everything (IoE) deployment will result in an unimaginable transmission data rate requirement as huge data traffic will be conveyed per time within the communications network,which will require a capacity upgrade of the existing *** light communications (VLCs),as an integral part of optical wireless communications (OWCs),have been reviewed in this article,having the capacity to extend the achievable data rate requirement of the wireless communications *** technologies,techniques,and best practices have been presented alongside technology integration for the seamless high capacity wireless broadband deployment.

关键词： Channel equalization heterogeneous network(HetNet) light-fidelity(Li-Fi) propagation link visible light communications(VLCs) wireless-fidelity(Wi-Fi)

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Lipopolysaccharide immune stimulation but not β-mannanase supplementation affects maintenance energy requirements in young weaned pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 901-916页

作者： Nichole F.Huntley C.Martin Nyachoti John F.patience Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba

Background: Pathogen or diet-induced immune activation can partition energy and nutrients away from growth,but clear relationships between immune responses and the direction and magnitude of energy partitioning responses have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to determine how β-mannanase supplementation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) immune stimulation affect maintenance energy requirements(MEm) and to characterize immune parameters, digestibility, growth performance, and energy ***: In a randomized complete block design, 30 young weaned pigs were assigned to either the control treatment(CON; basal corn, soybean meal and soybean hul s diet), the enzyme treatment(ENZ; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase),or the immune system stimulation treatment(ISS; basal diet + 0.056% β-mannanase, chal enged with repeated increasing doses of Escherichia coli LPS). The experiment consisted of a 10-d adaptation period, 5-d digestibility and nitrogen balance measurement, 22 h of heat production(HP) measurements, and 12 h of fasting HP measurements in indirect calorimetry chambers. The immune chal enge consisted of 4 injections of either LPS(ISS) or sterile saline(CON and ENZ), one every48 h beginning on d 10. Blood was collected pre-and post-challenge for complete blood counts with differential,haptoglobin and mannan binding lectin, 12 cytokines, and glucose and insulin ***: Beta-mannanase supplementation did not affect immune status, nutrient digestibility, growth performance,energy balance, or MEm. The ISS treatment induced fever, elevated proinflammatory cytokines and decreased leukocyte concentrations(P 0.10),but increased total HP(21%) and MEm(23%), resulting in decreased lipid deposition(-30%) and average daily gain(-18%)(P < 0.05).Conclusions: This experiment provides novel data on β-mannanase supplementation effects on immune parameters and energy balance i

关键词： Acute phase proteins β-Mannan Cytokines Digestibility Feed induced immune response Heat production Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Nitrogen balance Swine

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