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Hydroxyl,hydroperoxyl free radicals determination methods in atmosphere and troposphere

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 324-335页

作者： Guoying Wang Yves Iradukunda Gaofeng Shi pascaline sanga Xiuli Niu Zhijun Wu School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Food Inspection and Research Institute Lanzhou 730050China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(Peking University) College of Enuironmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to ***,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very *** the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the *** advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic *** far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl *** this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free *** primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.

关键词： Atmosphere Determination method Hydroxyl radical Hydroperoxyl radical Troposphere

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Effect of Deionization on Activated Sludge Characteristics: A Case Study of Activated Sludge Culture with Tap Water and Distilled Water

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第12期7卷 116-125页

作者： pascaline sanga Xiuqing Kong Kai Zhang College of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China

Activated sludge dewaterability and settleability properties are of prime importance in sludge treatment and disposal. Herein, we have experimentally examined the effect of deionization on activated sludge characteristics taking a case study of activated sludge inoculated in tap water and distilled water. The quality of the effluent, both distilled water and tap water were analyzed to determine the characteristics of activated sludge. Results indicated the increasing of the sludge volume index from 51.67 ml/g to 146.9 ml/g leading to the sludge bulking for sludge inoculated in distilled water. The Capillary Suction Time (CST) of sludge cultivated in distilled water varied from 23.1 to 38.4 s, which suggests poor dewaterability. These are due to the growth of some filamentous bacteria in distilled water system. These have further confirmed by light microscope images that showed a significant difference between the sludge systems cultivated in tap water and those grown in distilled water. The present work indeed advances our understanding of activated sludge treatment and would serve as a handy reference for researchers or scholars who want to deal with sewage water treatment.

关键词： Activated Sludge Sequential Batch Reactor Sludge Volume Index Sludge Bulking Filamentous Bacteria

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去离子化对活性污泥特性和微生物群落的影响

去离子化对活性污泥特性和微生物群落的影响

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作者： sanga pascaline 兰州理工大学

学位级别：硕士

尽量减少有机物和一些营养元素（氮和磷）的含量被认为是城市污水处理厂的关键问题。含有大量营养物质或有机质的废水在流入各水域时可能会破坏大自然的平衡。由于活性污泥法的简单、实用,因此经常用来处理市政污水。在活性污泥工艺中,... 详细信息

尽量减少有机物和一些营养元素（氮和磷）的含量被认为是城市污水处理厂的关键问题。含有大量营养物质或有机质的废水在流入各水域时可能会破坏大自然的平衡。由于活性污泥法的简单、实用,因此经常用来处理市政污水。在活性污泥工艺中,微生物主要是细菌,它们将有机和无机物质代谢成生态友好的形式,导致絮体的自发聚集。这一过程被称为生物絮凝,它被认为是污水处理厂有效运行的核心因素。活性污泥的脱水性和沉降性是活性污泥法的两个重要指标。一方面,污泥沉降性越差,有机物就越容易随出水流出。另一方面,脱水性差不仅使污泥处理非常复杂,而且耗能耗时。有研究表明,污泥的沉降性和脱水性能与水中离子有关,主要通过DCB（二价阳离子桥）和DLVO（Derjaguin-Landau-yerwey-Overbeek）理论影响污泥的絮凝。本文旨在深入研究去离子化对活性污泥特性和微生物群落的影响。第一章简要介绍了所调查主题的背景。第二章是关于废水处理机制、活性污泥工艺以及生物絮凝问题的概述。第三章详细介绍了本文使用的材料和方法。在第四章第一节中,分别以接种在自来水合成废水（SWT）和蒸馏水合成废水（SWD）中的活性污泥为例,研究了去离子对活性污泥特性的影响。并对蒸馏水反应器和自来水反应器的出水水质进行了分析,确定活性污泥的特性。结果表明,在蒸馏水合成废水（SWD）中,污泥体积指数（SVI）从51.67mL/g增加到146.9mL/g,污泥的毛细吸水时间（CST）从23.1s增加到38.4s,说明污泥发生膨胀,脱水性变差。通过光学显微镜图像,这些被进一步证实,光学显微镜图像显示了在SWT培养的污泥系统与在SWD中生长的污泥系统之间的显著差异,这表明丝状细菌能够在去离子环境中生长并成为优势细菌。在第四章第二节中,采用高通量测序技术对微生物群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明,在去离子样品（SWD）中,第6天的Shannon指数低于第1天,因为当污泥膨胀（第6天）时,丝状菌是优势菌,从而抑制了其他物种的生长。门水平的序列分析表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）主要存在于第6天的去离子样品（SWD）中,它们在所有菌门中占52.74%。而在另一方面,在纲水平上,主要是γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）和浮霉菌纲（Planctomycetacia）,分别占46.24%和25.21%。在属水平上,与第1天相比,克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）、出芽菌属（Gemmata）、拉乌尔菌属（Raoultella）、甲苯单胞菌属（Tolumonas）、动胶菌属（Zoogloea）、陶厄氏菌属（Thauera）主要存在于第6天的去离子样品（SWD）中,特别是克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）和甲苯单胞菌属（Tolumonas）分别高出6.91%和5.25%。结果表明,第6天去离子样品中发生污泥膨胀,主要由克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）和甲苯单胞菌属（Tolumonas）引起,这可能是引起污泥丝状膨胀的主要细菌。

关键词：去离子活性污泥污泥膨胀污泥体积指数微生物群落

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Recycling of Alum from Water Treatment Residue and Reuse It as a Flocculating Agent for Raw Water Treatment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第12期6卷 216-226页

作者： pascaline sanga Yves Iradukunda Jean Claude Munyemana College of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

The chemical coagulation-flocculation technology is touted as one of the valuable techniques and widely used for wastewater treatment because of its simplicity and effectiveness. So far, a number of flocculants have been fabricated to ameliorate the flocculation process in water treatment such as alum, polyaluminium chloride. Despite its broad application in water treatment, accumulation of alum in sludge has been reported as the main source of a disposal problem. Furthermore, recent studies suggested that the presence of alum in sludge may lead to human health problems. Here in, we have used alkalization method to recover alum present in sludge collected from Kimisagara water treatment plant located in Kigali capital city of Rwanda. The recovered alum was used more than one time and showed excellent flocculation efficiency. Some physical parameters such as pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity and Turbidity were systematically tested and compared with those of World Health Organization (WHO) and Rwanda Standards Board (RSB) standards for drinking water. The results showed that alum present in sludge can be recovered and reused for multiple times.

关键词： Sludge Alum Flocculation Turbidity Kimisagara

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