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Conspicuous Ethics: Existence of Price Dependent Ethical Utility Functions

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第4期12卷 252-261页

作者： pascal Stiefenhofer Newcastle University Business School Newcastle upon Tyne UK

The purpose of this paper is to model ethical consumption behaviour based on price-dependent preferences. We motivate ethical consumption founded on the idea that ethical consumers compete for moral superiority relative to their peers by purchasing more expensive ethical conspicuous goods. An ethical consumer model in which consumers display moral consumption choices by purchasing ethical conspicuous goods is developed. This requires de_ning ethical conspicuous goods, social labels, and formalizing a set of assumptions on price-dependent ethical preferences. We show that an ethical utility function exists without relying on the usual transitivity assumption. We utilise Blashke's Rolling Theorem to show our main result.

关键词： Existence Balshke's Rolling Thoerem Ethical Utility

Quasispecies evolution in NS5A region of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b during interferon or combined interferon-ribavirin therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1195-1203页

作者： pascal Veillon Christopher Payan Hélène Le Guillou-Guillemette Catherine Gaudy Franoise Lunel Laboratory of Virology Angers University Hospital 4 rue Larrey 49933 Angers cedex 9 France HIFIH Laboratory UPRES EA 3859 IFR 132 University of Angers rue de Haute Reculée 49045 Angers France Departement of Microbiology EA 3882 Brest University Hospital 2 avenue Foch 29609 Brest cedex France University Francois Rabelais INSERM ERI 19 Faculty of Medecine 10 Boulevard Tonnellé BP 3223 37032 Tours Cedex France

AIM: To evaluate the implication of substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein in the resistance of HCV during mono-interferon (IFN) or combined IFN-ribavirin (IFN-R) therapy. Although NS5A has been reported to interact with the HCV RNA- dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B, as well as with many cellular proteins, the function of NS5A in the life cycle of HCV remains unclear. METHODS: HCV quasispecies were studied by clon- ing and sequencing of sequential isolates from patients infected by HCV genotype 1b. Patients were treated by IFN-α2b for 3 mo followed by IFN-α2b alone or com- bined IFN-R therapy for 9 additional months. Patients were categorized intro two groups based on their re- sponse to the treatments: 7 with sustained virological re- sponse (SVR) (quasispecies = 150) and 3 non-respond- ers (NR) to IFN-R (quasispecies = 106). RESULTS: Prior to treatment, SVR patients displayed a lower complexity of quasispecies than NR patients. Most patients had a decrease in the complexity of quasispe- cies during therapy. Analysis of amino acids substitu- tions showed that the degree of the complexity of the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) and the V3 domain of NS5A protein was able to discriminate thetwo groups of patients. Moreover, SVR patients displayed more variability in the NS5A region than NR patients. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that detailed mo- lecular analysis of the NS5A region may be important for understanding its function in IFN response during HCV 1b infection.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Quasispecies NS5A region Interferon sensitivity-determining region V3 domain

The Monarch Etrial:improving the clinical outcome in HR^(+)/HER2^(−)early breast cancer:recent results and next steps

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Cancer Communications 2023年第8期43卷 938-942页

作者： François Bertucci pascal Finetti Emilie Mamessier Alexandre De Nonneville Laboratory of Predictive Oncology Cancer Research Center of MarseillePaoli-Calmettes InstituteAix-Marseille UniversityINSERM UMR1068CNRS UMR725Team Labelled“Ligue contre le cancer”MarseilleFrance Department of Medical Oncology Paoli-Calmettes InstituteMarseilleFrance

Breast cancer(BC)is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide,and hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative(HR^(+)/HER2^(−))is the most frequent BC *** adjuvant systemic treatment of HR^(+)/HER2^(−)early-stage BC(eBC),based on prognostic factors[1],sometimes includes chemotherapy,and in most cases,it includes endocrine therapy(ET).In the past decade,advancements in ET,such as successive approvals of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors and the extension of ET duration to 10 years in high-risk patients.

关键词： HER2 cancer chemotherapy

One-dimensional lanthanide complexes bridged by nitronyl nitroxide radical ligands with non-chelating nitrogen donors: Structure and magnetic characterization

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第6期55卷 997-1003页

作者： LIU RuiNa HU Peng LI LiCun LIAO DaiZheng SUTTER Jean-pascal Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry Department of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule-based Material Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China Universite de Toulouse UPS INPT LCC F-31077 Toulouse France

A series of new lanthanide-radical complexes [{Ln（hfac）3}2（NITPhlM）2] （Ln = Nd （1）, Eu （2）, Tb （3）, Er （4）; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; NITPhlM = 2-[4-（1-imidazole）phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide） have been prepared and characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that these complexes are isostructural with one-dimensional chain structures. These consist in Ln（hfac）3 units bridged by the paramagnetic ligands by the means of coor- dination of their nitronyl nitroxide groups and imidazole rings. Interestingly, each Ln ion is either bound to two nitronyl ni- troxide groups or to two imidazole units, and the different Ln centers alternate along the chain. Magnetic studies show that complex 3 exhibits a single-chain magnet behavior.

关键词： nitronyl nitroxide radical lanthanide crystal structure single-chain magnets

The road towards sustainable control of schistosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo:Pre-assessment of staff performance and material resources in endemic regions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第4期7卷 275-279页

作者： Sylvie Linsuke Liliane Mpabanzi Sabin Nundu Faustin Mukunda pascal Lutumba Katja Polman National Institute of Biomedical Research(INRB) Department of Epidemiology Biomedical Sciences Department Institute of Tropical Medicine National Control Program against Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Parasites(PNLB/PI) Ministry of Health Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Kinshasa

Objective: To improve knowledge and practice of health staff as well as the availability of material resources for diagnosis and management of schistosomiasis in two endemic provinces of DRC(Kinshasa and Bas-Congo).Methods: Structured interviews were performed using questionnaires with staff from 35 healthcare facilities in 9 health zones(HZ) of Kinshasa and 2 HZ in ***: Schistosomiasis was reported to be present in all the included *** staff knew the most important symptoms of schistosomiasis, but advanced symptoms were more accurately reported in *** of symptoms related to schistosomiasis such as anemia(P = 0.0 115) and pollakiuria(P = 0.0 260) was statistically different in both two ***-Katz technique and urine filtration were unavailable in both *** diagnosis was mostly performed using the direct smear *** was available in 70% of the health facilities, all situated in *** and treatment mostly relied on symptoms and cost more in urban area than in ***: Though knowledge on schistosomiasis among health staff appears sufficient, substantial efforts still must be made to improve the availability of diagnostic tools and treatment in the health facilities in DRC.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Control Performance staff and material resources Democratic Republic of Congo

Molecular dynamics simulations of initial Pd and PdO nanocluster growth in a magnetron gas aggregation source

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 324-329页

作者： pascal Brault William Chamorro-Coral Sotheara Chuon Amael Caillard Jean-Marc Bauchire Stevè Baranton Christophe Coutanceau Erik Neyts GREMI UMR 7344 CNRS Universite d'Orleans45067 Orleans Cedex 2France IC2MP UMR 7285 CNRS Universite de Poitiers86073 Poitiers Cedex 9France Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp2610 AntwerpBelgium

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for describing growth of Pd and PdO nanoclusters using the ReaxFF force field. The resulting nanocluster structures are successfully compared to those of nanoclusters experimentally grown in a gas aggregation source. The PdO structure is quasi-crystalline as revealed by high resolution transmission microscope analysis for experimental PdO nanoclusters. The role of the nanocluster temperature in the molecular dynamics simulated growth is highlighted.

关键词： molecular dynamics cluster growth plasma sputtering nanocatalyst

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环保绝缘气体介电强度预测方法评估

电工技术学报 2023年第S1期38卷 214-221页

作者：周文俊邱睿郑宇 pascal Brault 电网环境保护全国重点实验室(武汉大学) 武汉430072 武汉大学电气与自动化学院武汉430072 法国国家科学研究中心-奥尔良大学GREMI实验室奥尔良45067

为明确各类气体介电强度预测方法的准确性,基于9种气体(N_(2)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O、CF_(4)、SO_(2)F_(2)、c-C_(4)F_(8)、C_(3)F_(8)、C_5F_(10O)和C_(4)F_(7)N)在50 Hz工频交流电场下测得的相对介电强度对5种预测方法进行了评估。结果表明,各方法预测准确性与其给出的可决系数R~2不一致。这主要与其使用的样本数据测试条件不统一、同一气体的相对介电强度不一致有关。当修正上述问题后,各方法准确性得到提升,并与其R~2相符。分子参数的丰富和放电理论的介入可使预测方法准确性提升。使用样本外气体进行验证的方法,其预测结果在修正前后都具有较高的准确性;使用基团贡献法的预测方法也具有上述特性。通过上述评估结果可知,样本中的气体数据需在统一条件下获得,并根据试验条件和样本分子特征确定预测方法的适用范围。放电理论、分子几何特征和新分子参数的引入有助于提高预测模型的准确性。模型验证和基团贡献法可提高预测方法对样本数据的包容性。

关键词：环保绝缘气体介电强度预测构效关系(QSPR) 气体绝缘输电管道(GIL)

Modelling the long-term geomorphic response to check dam failures in an alpine channel with CAESAR-Lisflood

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 687-700页

作者： Jorge Alberto Ramirez Mirjam Mertin Nadav Peleg pascal Horton Chris Skinner Markus Zimmermann Margreth Keiler Institute of Geography University of Bern Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Institute of Environmental Engineering ETH Zurich Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics University of Lausanne Energy and Environment Institute University of Hull Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research Austrian Academy of Sciences

Globally, between 1950 and 2011 nearly 80,000 debris flow fatalities occurred in densely populated regions in mountainous terrain. Mitigation of these hazards includes the construction of check dams,which limit coarse sediment transport and in the European Alps number in the 100,000s. Check dam functionality depends on periodic, costly maintenance, but maintenance is not always possible and check dams often fail. As such, there is a need to quantify the long-term(10-100 years) geomorphic response of rivers to check dam failures. Here, for the first time, a landscape evolution model(CAESARLisflood) driven by a weather generator is used to replicate check dam failures due to the lack of maintenance, check dam age, and flood occurrence. The model is applied to the Guerbe River,Switzerland, a pre-Alpine catchment containing 73 check dams that undergo simulated failure. Also presented is a novel method to calibrate CAESAR-Lisflood?s hydrological component on this ungauged catchment. Using 100-year scenarios of check dam failure, the model indicates that check dam failures can produce 8 m of channel erosion and a 322% increase in sediment yield. The model suggests that after check dam failure, channel erosion is the remobilization of deposits accumulated behind check dams, and, after a single check dam failure channel equilibrium occurs in five years, but after many check dam failures channel equilibrium may not occur until 15 years. Overall, these findings support the continued maintenance of check dams.

关键词： Landscape evolution model Check dam failure Weather generator Natural hazards

Positive effects of tree species diversity on litterfall quantity and quality along a secondary successional chronosequence in a subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 28-35页

作者： Yuanyuan Huang Yinlei Ma Ke Zhao pascal A.Niklaus Bernhard Schmid Jin-Sheng He Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University5 Yiheyuan RoadBeijing 100871China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland

Aims Litterfall,as an important link between aboveground and belowground processes,plays a key role in forest ***,we test for effects of tree species richness on litter production and litter quality in subtropical *** study further encompasses a factorial gradient of secondary succession that resulted from human *** that a large percentage of subtropical forests are in secondary successional stages,understanding the role of biodiversity on forest re-growth after disturbance appears *** From January 2009 to December 2014,we monitored forest litterfall in 27 Comparative Study Plots that spanned a gradient of tree species richness(3-20 species)and secondary successional ages(~20 to 120 years)in Gutianshan Natural Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,*** experiment is part of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research platform‘BEF-China’.Tree litterfall was collected in monthly intervals using litter *** were separated into leaf and non-leaf *** litter was further sorted into dominant and other *** level monthly leaf litter C and N contents were analysed through a full *** linear mixed-effects models were applied to test for effects of tree species richness and successional age on litter quantity and leaf litter C/*** Findings Litterfall increased with species richness among and within successional age and this effect was consistent across *** older stands had higher litterfall and this effect was related to increased tree species ***,species richness did not change the intra-and inter-annual temporal stability of *** tree species richness increased leaf litter quality(decreased C/N),while successional age had no *** study indicates that more diverse forest stands produce more leaf litter and that this litter has higher N concentrations,which could promote forest growth through accelerated nutrient re-cycling.

关键词： species richness BEF-China litterfall leaf litter C/N subtropical forest secondary succession structural equation models