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Analysis of Spatial Autocorrelation Patterns of Heavy and Super-Heavy Rainfall in Iran

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第9期34卷 1069-1081页

作者： Iman ROUSTA Mehdi DOOSTKAMIAN Esmaeil HAGHIGHI Hamid Reza GHAFARIAN MALAMIRI parvane yarahmadi Department of Geography Yazd University Department of Geography Zanjan University Department of Geography Tabriz University Department of Geography Khwarizmi University

Rainfall is a highly variable climatic element, and rainfall-related changes occur in spatial and temporal dimensions within a regional climate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial autocorrelation changes of Iran＇s heavy and super-heavy rainfall over the past 40 years. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data of 664 meteorological stations between 1971 and 2011 are used. To analyze the changes in rainfall within a decade, geostatistical techniques like spatial autocorrelation analysis of hot spots, based on the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, are employed. Furthermore, programming features in MATLAB, Surfer, and GIS are used. The results indicate that the Caspian coast, the northwest and west of the western foothills of the Zagros Mountains of Iran, the inner regions of Iran, and southern parts of Southeast and Northeast Iran, have the highest likelihood of heavy and super-heavy rainfall. The spatial pattern of heavy rainfall shows that, despite its oscillation in different periods, the maximum positive spatial autocorrelation pattern of heavy rainfall includes areas of the west, northwest and west coast of the Caspian Sea. On the other hand, a negative spatial autocorrelation pattern of heavy rainfall is observed in central Iran and parts of the east, particularly in Zabul. Finally, it is found that patterns of super-heavy rainfall are similar to those of heavy rainfall.

关键词： Iran heavy rainfall super-heavy rainfall spatial autocorrelation Gi index

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Cochlear Synaptopathy Following Noise Exposure in Guinea Pigs: Its Electrophysiological and Histological Assessments

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Sound & Vibration 2020年第3期54卷 163-177页

作者： parvane Mahdi Akram Pourbakht Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi Alireza Karimi Yazdi Mahtab Rabbani Anari Mohammad Kamali Rehabilitation Research Center Department of AudiologySchool of Rehabilitation SciencesIran University of Medical SciencesTehran15459-13487Iran Department of Neurosciences School of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehran14496-14535Iran Department of Otorhinolaryngology Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran14197-33141Iran Department of Rehabilitation Management Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran15459-13487Iran

Exposure to high level of noise,may cause the permanent cochlear synaptic *** present study,a model of noise induced cochlear synaptopathy was established and the electrophysiological and histological metrics for its assessment was designed.6 guinea pigs were subjected to a synaptopathic noise(octave band of 4 kHz at 104 dB SPL,for 2-h).The amplitude growth curve of Auditory Brainstem Response(ABR)wave-I and wave-III latency shift in presence of noise were *** indexes were considered in pre-exposure,1 day post exposure(1DPE),1 week post exposure(1WPE)and 1 month post exposure(1MPE)to ***,the samples were histologically *** wave-I amplitude was different between pre and 1DPE(p-value≤0.05).However,at 1WPE,it was recovered at low intensities but at 70 dB SPL and above,the differences persisted even till *** masked ABR,the latency shift of wave-III was different between pre and 3 post exposure assessments(p-value≤0.05).Electro-microscopic analysis confirmed the synaptic degeneration,as the ribbons were larger than normal,hollow inside,and spherical and irregular in shape,also,the post synaptic density was abnormally thick and missed its flat *** data revealed that noise at level below that can produce permanent hearing loss,can incur synaptic ***,noise is considered to be more damaging than previously ***,designing tools for clinical assessment of synaptopathy is beneficial in comprehensive auditory evaluation of those with history of noise exposure and also in hearing protection planning.

关键词： Cochlear synaptopathy noise induced hearing loss hidden hearing loss excitotoxicity hearing protection

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