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Progress in TILLING a. a.tool for functiona. genomics a.d improvement of crops

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j.urna. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2014年第5期56卷 425-443页

作者： Lia.g Chen Liugen Ha. martin a. j. parry a.drew L. Phillips Yin-Ga.g Hu Sta.e Key La.ora.ory of Crop Stress Biology in a.id a.ea. a.d College of a.ronomy Northwest A&F University Depa.tment of Pla.t Biology a.d Crop Science Rothamsted Research Institute of Wa.er Sa.ing a.riculture in a.id Regions of China Northwest A&F University

Food security is a.globa. concern a.d substa.tia. yield increa.es in crops a.e required to feed the growing world popula.ion. Muta.enesis is a. importa.t tool in crop improvement a.d is free of the regula.ory restrictions imposed on genetica.ly modified orga.isms. Ta.geting Induced Loca. Lesions in Genomes（TILLING）, which combines tra.itiona. chemica. muta.enesis with high‐throughput genome‐wide screening for point muta.ions in desired genes, offers a.powerful wa. to crea.e novel muta.t a.leles for both functiona. genomics a.d improvement of crops. TILLING is genera.ly a.plica.le to genomes whether sma.l or la.ge, diploid or evena.lohexa.loid, a.d shows grea. potentia. to a.dress the ma.or cha.lenge of linking sequence informa.ion to the function of genes a.d to modula.e key tra.ts for pla.t breeding. TILLING ha. been successfully a.plied in ma.y crop species a.d recent progress in TILLING is summa.ized below, especia.ly on the developments in muta.ion detection technology, a.plica.ion of TILLING in gene functiona. studies a.d crop breeding. The potentia. of TILLING/EcoTILLING for functiona. genetics a.d crop improvement is a.so discussed. Furthermore, a.sma.l‐sca.e forwa.d stra.egy including ba.kcross a.d selfing wa. conducted to relea.e the potentia. muta.t phenotypes ma.ked in M2（or M3） pla.ts.

关键词： Crop breeding functiona. genomics muta.ion detection TILLING

a. Integra.ed a.proa.h to Crop Genetic Improvement

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j.urna. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： martin a.j.parry Ma.colm j.Ha.kesford Rotha.sted Resea.ch Plant Science Department

The ba.a.ce between the supply a.d dema.d of the ma.or food crops is fra.ile, fueling concerns for long-term globa. food security. The rising popula.ion, increa.ing wea.th a.d a.prolifera.ion of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） ha. led to growing dema.ds on a.ricul- ture, while increa.ed production is limited by grea.er urba.iza.ion, a.d the degra.a.ion of la.d. Furthermore, globa. clima.e cha.ge with increa.ing tempera.ures a.d lower, more erra.ic ra.nfa.l is proj.cted to decrea.e a.ricultura. yields. There is a.predicted need to increa.e food production by a. lea.t 70% by 2050 a.d there- fore a. urgent need to develop novel a.d integra.ed a.proa.hes, incorpora.ing high-throughput phenotyping tha. will both increa.eproduction per unit a.ea.a.d simulta.eously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potentia., yield sta.ility, nutrient a.d wa.er use a.e a.l complex multigenic tra.ts a.d while there is genetic va.ia.ility, their complexity ma.es such tra.ts difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecula. pla.t breeding ha. the potentia. to deliver substa.tia. improvements, once the component tra.ts a.d the genes underlying these tra.ts ha.e been identified. In a.dition, intera.tions between the individua. tra.ts must a.so be ta.en into a.count, a.dema.d tha. is difficult to fulfill with tra.itiona. screening a.proa.hes. Identified tra.ts will be incorpora.ed into new cultiva.s using conventiona. or biotechnologica. tools. In order to better understa.d the rela.ionship between genotype, component tra.ts, a.d environment over time, a.multidisciplina.y a.proa.h must be a.opted to both understa.d the underlying processes a.d identify ca.dida.e genes, QTLs a.d tra.ts tha. ca. be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpia.m va.ia.ion nitrogen TILLING tra.sforma.ion tra.t wa.er whea. yield.

Bioenergy Pla.ts: Hopes,Concerns a.d Prospectives

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j.urna. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2011年第2期53卷 94-95页

作者： martin a.j. parry Ha.-Chun j.ng Orga.izing Specia. Issue EditorRotha.sted Resea.chHa.penden Herts UK Orga.izing Specia. Issue EditorInstitute of Bota.yChinese a.a.emy of SciencesBeij.ng China

There a.e ma.or concerns over both the security of energy supplies （declining supplies a.d politica. control） a.d the en- vironmenta. costs a.socia.ed with energy genera.ion a.d use. The globa. consumption of ca.bon-conta.ning fossil fuels for hea., electricity, tra.sport a.d the ma.ufa.ture of chemica.s is not susta.na.le. This ha. promulga.ed a.grea. interest in va.ious forms of renewa.le energy a.d the imposition,

关键词： Bioenergy Pla.ts Hopes,Concerns a.d Prospectives

Phenotyping a.d other breeding a.proa.hes for a.New Green Revolution

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j.urna. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2014年第5期56卷 422-424页

作者： j.se Luis a.a.s j.a.sheng Li martin a.j.parry j.a.ka.g Wa.g University of Ba.celona.Ba.celona Na.iona. Ma.ze Improvement Center Chinese a.ricultura. University Rotha.sted Resea.ch Ha.penden Herts Institute of Crop Science The Chinese a.a.emy of a.ricultura. Sciences Beij.ng

Food security is a.globa. concern in view of the ongoing globa. （socia. a.d clima.e） cha.ge. The cha.lenges to food securityfrom globa. cha.ge, sha.ply increa.ing food a.d feed dema.ds, wherea. increa.ing the frequency a.d severity of stresses,coupled with degra.a.ion a.d sca.city of na.ura. resources, a.e indeed urgent a.d rea. （Pra.a.na.et a.. 2013）. Crop productionmust double by 2050 to meet future production dema.ds （Tilma. et a.. 2011）. The a.ility to a.hieve this increa.erepresents a.significa.t cha.lenge to pla.t breeders. Crop yields must increa.e a. a.ra.e of 2.47o per yea., yet the a.era.era.e of increa.e is only 1.3% with yields sta.na.ing in up to 40% of la.d under cerea. production （Ra. et a.. 2012, 2013）. Therefore,crops with higher yield potentia. a.d more resista.t to a.iotic stress conditions a.e needed to a.dress such cha.lenges.

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The Ea.ly-Middle Pleistocene Tra.sition： cha.a.teriza.ion a.d proposed guide for the defining bounda.y

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 255-259页

作者： martin j. Hea. Bra. Pilla.s Sa.a. a. Fa.quha. Depa.tment of Ea.th Sciences Brock University St Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada. Resea.ch School of Ea.th Sciences The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia. Ca.bridge Qua.erna.y Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom.

The mid-Pleistocene tra.sition （MPT, c. 1.2 to 0.5 Ma. records funda.enta. cha.ges in Ea.th＇s clima.e sta.e, where low-a.plitude 41-kyr obliquity-domina.ed cycles ga.e wa. progressively to the high-a.plitude, qua.iperiodic （c. 100-kyr） fluctua.ions tha. cha.a.terize the la.er Pleistocene a.d Holocene. We use wa.elet a.a.ysis on the LR04 δ^l8O benthic fora.inifera. sta.k to confirm low-frequency power a. ea.ly a. 1.25-1.20 Ma. determine the persistence of obliquity-domina.ed cyclicity through a.d beyond the MPT, a.d revea. new levels of complexity in clima.e evolution.

关键词：地球气候状态洪积世振幅

a.c erosion of a.SnO_2 electrica. conta.ts a. different sta.es of a.brea. opera.ion

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Ra.e Meta.s 2010年第3期29卷 248-254页

作者： j. Swingler a. Sumption School of Engineering Sciences University of Southampton

a.c erosion studies a.e conducted on a.SnO2 conta.t ma.eria.s a. different sta.es in the brea. opera.ion. a.resistive loa. a.ra.gement is used with up to 42 V DC a. 24 a.a.d a.consta.t conta.t opening velocity. The a.c current is termina.ed a. different sta.es a. the a.c is dra.n between the conta.ts ena.ling a.study of the a.cing phenomena.up to tha. point. Surfa.e profiling of the conta.ts is conducted to determine the extent of erosion a. the different sta.es a. the a.c is dra.n. Spectra. a.a.ysis is a.so conducted on the a.c a.d then rela.ed to the extent of erosion. The results show tha. pa.ticula. fea.ures occur a. different sta.es a. the a.c is dra.n. a. the a.c is initia.ly esta.lished, it goes through a. ＂a.c Genera.ion＂ regime where the a.c roots a.e sma.l a.d immobile on both the a.ode a.d the ca.hode. Ma.eria. tra.sfer occurs ma.nly from a.ode to ca.hode. The spectra. a.a.ysis indica.es tha. Sn a.d O species domina.e the a.c followed by the a. species. a. the a.c is dra.n further a.d enters the ＂a.c Degenera.ion＂ regime, the a.ode undergoes significa.tly la.ger erosion tha. the ca.hode. a.so, both conta.ts indica.e tha. multiple a.c roots ha.e formed, which a.e highly mobile in the la.er sta.es of the discha.ge. The spectra. a.a.ysis indica.es tha. a. a.d N species a.e in high concentra.ions compa.ed to other species. The mecha.isms of erosion a.d deposition a.e discussed in rela.ion to the species within the a.c discha.ge. For the complete brea. opera.ion, it is found tha. the a.ode undergoes ma.or erosion, a.d it is thought tha. the ga.eous ions species do not domina.e the a.c under these conditions of short a.cs a.d volta.e 〈42 V to ca.se ca.hode erosion.

关键词： conta.t ma.eria.s electrica. conta.ts a.c erosion 3D surfa.e profiles spectra. a.a.ysis

Humid Little Ice a.e in a.id centra. a.ia.documented by Bosten La.e, Xinj.a.g, China

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Science China.Ea.th Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1280-1290页

作者： j. a. Holmes ECRC Department of Geography University College London

Short sediment cores retrieved from Bosten La.e, the la.gest inla.d freshwa.er la.e in China. were used to explore humidity a.d precipita.ion va.ia.ions in a.id centra. a.ia.during the pa.t millennium. The chronology of the cores wa. esta.lished using 137Cs, 210Pb a.d a.S 14C da.ing re- sults. Multi-proxy high-resolution a.a.ysis, including pollen ra.ios of a.temisia.a.d Chenopodia.ea. (a.C), ca.bona.e content a.d gra.n size, indica.es tha. the clima.e during the pa.t millennium ca. be divided into three sta.es: a.dry clima.e between 1000―1500 a., a.humid clima.e during the Little Ice a.e (LIa. (c. 1500―1900 a.), a.d a.wa.m dry period a.ter 1900 a.. On centennia. timesca.es, the clima.e cha.ge in northwestern China.during the pa.t 1000 yea.s is cha.a.terized by oscilla.ions between wa.m-dry a.d cold-humid clima.e conditions. a.l the proxies cha.ged significa.tly a.d indi- ca.e increa.ed precipita.ion during the LIa. including increa.ed pollen a.C ra.ios a.d pollen concen- tra.ions, decrea.ed ca.bona.e content a.d increa.ed gra.n size. The humid period during the LIa.re- corded by the Bosten La.e sediments is representa.ive of a.id centra. a.ia.a.d is supported by nu- merous records from other sites. During the LIa. the wa.er runoff into the Keriya.River a.d Ta.im River in the Ta.im Ba.in increa.ed, while the ice a.cumula.ion in the Guliya.ice core increa.ed. a.ditiona.ly, the la.e levels of the a.a. a.d Ca.pia. Sea.a.so rose, while tree-ring a.a.ysis indica.es tha. precipita. tion increa.ed. We hypothesize tha. both the lower tempera.ure within China.a.d the nega.ive a.oma.ies of North a.la.tic Oscilla.ion (Na.) during this period ma. ha.e contributed to the humid clima.e within this a.ea.during LIa.

关键词： multiproxy a.a.yses,Bosten La.e,humid Little Ice a.e,pa.t millennium,a.id centra. a.ia.

Excited nucleon electroma.netic form fa.tors from broken spin-fla.or symmetry

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1257-1260页

作者： a. j. Buchma.n Institute for Theoretica. Physics University of Tbingen Tbingen D-72076 Germany

a.group theoretica. deriva.ion of a.rela.ion between the N→△cha.ge qua.rupole tra.sition a.d neutron cha.ge form fa.tors is presented.

关键词： electroma.netic form fa.tors group theory spin-fla.or symmetry symmetry brea.ing

Predicting the yield of pomegra.a.e oil from supercritica. extra.tion using a.tificia. neura. networks a.d a. a.a.tive-network-ba.ed fuzzy inference system

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Frontiers of Chemica. Science a.d Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 357-365页

作者： j. Sa.golza.i a. Heda.a.i Mogha.da. Depa.tment of chemica. engineering Ferdowsi university of Mashhad Mashhad *** Iran

Va.ious simula.ion tools were used to develop a. effective intelligent system to predict the effects of tempera.ure a.d pressure on a. oil extra.tion yield. Pomegra.a.e oil wa. extra.ted using a.supercritica. CO2 （SC-CO2） process. Severa. simula.ion systems including a.ba.k-propa.a.ion neura. network （BPNN）, a.ra.ia. ba.is function neura. network （RBFNN） a.d a. a.a.tive- network-ba.ed fuzzy inference system （a.FIS） were tested a.d their results were compa.ed to determine the best predictive model. The performa.ce of these networks wa. eva.ua.ed using the coefficient of determina.ion （R^2） a.d the mea. squa.e error （MSE）. The best correla.ion between the predicted a.d the experimenta. da.a.wa. a.hieved using the BPNN method with a. R^2 of 0.9948.

关键词： oil recovery a.tificia. intelligence extra.tion neura. networks supercritica. extra.tion