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Utility of MtCOI polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in differentiating between Q and B whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotypes

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Insect Science 2009年第2期16卷 107-114页

作者： Wei-Hua Ma Xian-Chun Li Timothy j. Dennehy Chao-Liang Lei Mo Wang Benjamin A. Degain Robert L. nichols Department of Entomology and BI05 Institute University of Arizona Tuscon AZ 85721 USA Department of Plant Protection College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Cotton Incorporated 6399 Weston Parkway Cary NC 27513 USA

The invasive, insecticide-resistant, Q whitefly biotype, has gradually spread to other countries including the US via human-mediated movement of plant materials. We assessed the utility of the VspI-based mtCOI （mitochondrion cytochrome oxidase I） polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） technique as a rapid, cost-effective, and reliable alternative for differentiating the Q from the dominant B biotype in Arizona. Using the standard mtCOI gene sequencing and mtCOI PCR-RFLP techniques, we biotyped eight whitefly strains of five individuals each collected from poinsettia and cotton at different locations in Arizona. Complete concordance was observed between the two methods, with three strains being identified as the Q biotype and five samples as the B biotype. We also scanned the mtCOI gene sequences for VspI polymorphisms in the B and Q biotype whiteflies currently available in the GenBank database. This global screening revealed the existence of three and four VspI polymorphic types for the Q and B biotypes, respectively. Nevertheless, all three VspI polymorphic Q biotype whiteflies shared a common and unique VspI site that can be used to differentiate Q biotype from the four VspI polymorphic B biotype whiteflies identified. These results demonstrate that the VspI-based mtCOI gene PCR-RFLP provides a reliable diagnostic tool for differentiating the Q and B biotype whiteflies in the US and elsewhere.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype diagnosis tool mtCOI gene PCR-RFLP Vspl enzyme

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Influence of food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on ranging behavior of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi),in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South Africa

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第5期15卷 385-400页

作者： Edwin j.parker Russell A.HIL Andrew T.L.ALLAN Caroline HOWLETT Nicola F.KOYAMA School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research CentreLouis TrichardtSouth Africa Department of Anthropology Durham UniversityDurhamUK Department of Zoology University of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa School of Anthropology and Conservation University of KentKentUK

Understanding the determinants of ranging patterns in species susceptible to habitat fragmentation is fundamental for assessing their long-term adaptability to an increasingly human-dominated *** aim of this study was to determine and compare the influence of ground-based food availability,remotely sensed plant productivity,and indigenous forest use on the ranging patterns of the endangered samango monkey(Cercopithecus albogularis schwarzi).We collected monthly ranging data on two habituated samango monkey groups,from February 2012 to December 2016,from our field site in the Soutpansberg Mountains,South *** used linear mixed models to explore how food availability,plant productivity,and indigenous forest use influenced monthly ranging patterns,while controlling for group size,number of sample days and day *** found that as more areas of high plant productivity(derived from remotely sensed EVI)were incorporated into the ranging area,both total and core monthly ranging areas *** addition,both total ranging area and mean monthly daily path length decreased as more indigenous forest was incorporated into the ranging ***,we found no effect of either ground-based food availability or remotely sensed plant productivity on ranging *** findings demonstrate the behavioral flexibility in samango monkey ranging,as samangos can utilize matrix habitat during periods of low productivity but are ultimately dependent on access to indigenous forest *** addition,we highlight the potential of using remotely sensed areas of high plant productivity to predict ranging patterns in a small ranging,forest-dwelling guenon,over ground-based estimates of food availability.

关键词： food availability forest use plant productivity ranging patterns remote sensing samango monkey

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Physical separation from the mate diminishes male＇s attentiveness towards other females： a study in monogamous prairie voles Microtus ochrogaster

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 537-544页

作者： Christine j. DELEVAN Natalia A. RODRIGUEZ Karine M. LEGZIM Fayeza ALIOU jamie T. parker Maryam BAMSHAD Department of Biological Sciences Lehman College--The City University of New York Bronx NY 10468 USA

We tested whether continuous cohabitation in monogamous voles affects the mated male＇s atten-tiveness to his breeding partner versus another female. Each male was housed in a 3-chamber ap-paratus with a Focal female （FF） and a Control female （CF） for 13 days then placed in a T-maze toassess his attentiveness to and memory of those females. The Distal male remained physically sep-arated from both females, but received their distal cues. The Separate male cohabited with the FFfor 3 days then remained physically separated from both females. The Disrupt male＇s continuouscohabitation with the FF was disrupted by having him physically separated from her after 10 daysand placed with the CF for the last 3 days. The Continuous male cohabited continuously with the FFfor 13 days. With females in the T-maze, the Separate and Disrupt males spent more time near theFF＇s box and the Disrupt males spent more time manipulating the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. TheSeparate males groomed themselves more when near the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. The Distaland Continuous males＇ attentiveness to the two females did not differ. Results suggest that phys-ical distance from the partner may reduce male＇s attentiveness toward other potential *** voles might be similar to socially monogamous primates in using tactile cues as a signal formaintaining their social bonds.

关键词： attachment, monogamy, partner preference, partner separation, social cognition.

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Brain injury and neural stem cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 7-18页

作者： parker E.Ludwig Finosh G.Thankam Arun A.Patil Andrea j.Chamczuk Devendra K.Agrawal Department of Clinical and Translational Science Creighton University School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery Creighton University School of Medicine

Many therapies with potential for treatment of brain injury have been investigated. Few types of cells have spurred as much interest and excitement as stem cells over the past few decades. The multipotentiality and self-renewing characteristics of stem cells confer upon them the capability to regenerate lost tissue in ischemic or degenerative conditions as well as trauma. While stem cells have not yet proven to be clinically effective in many such conditions as was once hoped, they have demonstrated some effects that could be manipulated for clinical benefit. The various types of stem cells have similar characteristics, and largely differ in terms of origin; those that have differentiated to some extent may exhibit limited capability in differentiation potential. Stem cells can aid in decreasing lesion size and improving function following brain injury.

关键词： brain injury brain trauma infarction ischemia neural stem cells neuronal regeneration stroke

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Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第3期26卷 335-352页

作者： Bridget A Baxter Kristopher D parker Michael j Nosler Sangeeta Rao Rebecca Craig Catherine Seiler Elizabeth P Ryan Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsFort CollinsCO 80523United States University of Colorado Health Gastroenterology Clinic Fort CollinsCO 80524United States Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Harmony Surgery Center Fort CollinsCO 80528United States Director of Clinical Operations Harmony Surgery CenterFort CollinsCO 80523United States

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely *** study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese *** To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer *** Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite *** colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal *** Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass *** acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite *** weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(P<0.05).Obese adults had trimethylamine N-oxide,endocannabinoids and monoacylglycerols with different relative abundances identified between ascending and descending *** and secondary bile acids,vitamins,and fatty acids also showed marked relative abundance differences in colon tissue from overweight/obese *** There were metabolite profile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy *** lipids and other metabolites in

关键词： Colon Ascending Descending Metabolomics Obesity Stool

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An analysis of the size and direction of the association between mental toughness and Olympic distance personal best triathlon times

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 71-76页

作者： Martin I.jones john K.parker Sport and Health Science College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter School of Sport and Exercise Science University of Gloucestershire

Background: Athletes, coaches, sport psychology practitioners, and researchers suggest that mental toughness represents an important construct that is associated with athletic performance. Unfortunately, the absence of real-world performance as a dependent variable has limited our ability to substantiate this claim. The concern of a lack of ecologically valid measures of sports performance might be addressed by examining the relationship between mental toughness and sports performance using a standardized measure of personal best(PB) triathlon time and a validated unidimensional measure of mental ***: Three hundred and sixteen triathletes completed the 8-item mental toughness index(MTI), reported their age, and provided a PB Olympic distance triathlon time and the total number of triathlons they had completed to date. Given that males are typically quicker than females, a standardized time was calculated by dividing the PB by the current Olympic record for gender; we also hypothesized that more experienced triathletes would report quicker PB times because of greater frequency and duration of training. Once we had controlled for gender and experience,we predicted that mental toughness would be negatively associated with triathlon time and the size of the relationship would be of a moderate ***: Results revealed small-to moderate-sized negative relationships between both completed number of triathlons and mental toughness with standardized PB ***: The hierarchical regression analysis showed that mental toughness provided a unique contribution to the variability in standardized Olympic triathlon PB after controlling for the total number of triathlons completed.

关键词： Endurance sport Factorial validity Mental toughness Olympic distance triathlon Performance Personal best times

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The lncRNA BORG: a novel inducer of TNBC metastasis, chemoresistance, and disease recurrence

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journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第5期4卷 48-61页

作者： Alex j.Gooding Kimberly A.parker Saba Valadkhan William P.Schiemann Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Pharmacology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

Although greater than 90% of breast cancer-related mortality can be attributed to metastases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the dissemination of primary breast tumor cells and their ability to establish malignant lesions in distant tissues remain incompletely understood. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses identified a class of transcripts called long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which interact both directly and indirectly with key components of gene regulatory networks to alter cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. We identified a pro-metastatic lncRNA BMP/OP-Responsive Gene (BORG) whose aberrant expression promotes metastatic relapse by reactivating proliferative programs in dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). BORG expression is broadly and strongly induced by environmental and chemotherapeutic stresses, a transcriptional response that facilitates the survival of DTCs. Transcriptomic reprogramming in response to BORG resulted in robust signaling via survival and viability pathways, as well as decreased activation of cell death pathways. As such, BORG expression acts as a (1) marker capable of predicting which breast cancer patients are predisposed to develop secondary metastatic lesions;and (2) unique therapeutic target to maximize chemosensitivity of DTCs. Here we review the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to the pathophysiological activities of BORG during its regulation of breast cancer metastasis, chemoresistance, and disease recurrence.

关键词： BORG chemoresistance disease recurrence dormancy long noncoding RNA metastasis triple-negative breast cancer

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Effect of Niobium on Transformations From Austenite to Ferrite in Low Carbon Steels

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journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 208-212页

作者： parker Sally Rose Andrew West Geoff Thomson Rachel Steel Metallurgy Department Tata Steel RD and TSwinden Technology CentreRotherhamS60 3ARUK Department of Materials Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK

Niobium has an important effect on the transformation behaviour,grain size refinement and precipitation strengthening during hot rolling and subsequent cooling in low carbon steels,with even a low content of niobium having a strong effect on the transformation rate from austenite to ***,the effects of niobium on transformation behaviour have not been fully characterised and understood to *** paper examines in detail austenite grain growth as a function of austenitisation time in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with three different niobium contents,together with the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation kinetics from austenite to ferrite as a function of *** is shown that austenite has the slowest grain growth rate in the steel with the highest niobium *** austenite grain sizes are consistent,the steel with the highest niobium content was found to have the slowest transformation rate from austenite to ferrite.

关键词： niobium transformation kinetics austenite grain growth low carbon steels

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The effects of environmental factors on the patient outcomes in hospital environments:A review of literature

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第2期9卷 249-263页

作者： Saman jamshidi jan S.parker Seyedehnastaran Hashemi Department of Design College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityTX 79409USA

This study investigates the evidence supporting the impact of the built environment on the health outcomes for patients within the hospital *** the hospital environment may potentially impact the lives of millions of patients,patients’family,and *** research has suggested that the built environment can contribute to positive health *** the most recent evidence may assist designers in making informed *** this study,a literature review was conducted using the PICO framework within scientific databases and additional hand-searched documents.A total number of 15 articles were *** of each environmental factor on patients’health outcomes were discussed in *** factors that affect patient outcomes are(1)form,(2)unit layout,(3)floor material,(4)room features,(5)medical equipment visibility,(6)nature,(7)lighting,and(8)*** several studies have provided a high level of evidence,other studies have lacked a robust research ***,evidence regarding several environmental factors is not *** studies using experimental/quasi-experimental research design have been *** some studies,several environmental factors were introduced simultaneously which obscured the separate effects of each environmental factor.

关键词： Environmental design Patient outcomes Hospital Evidence-based design Literature review

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New Astrophysical Reaction Rates for ^18F（P,α）^15O and ^18F（P,γ）^19Ne

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Chinese Physics Letters 2003年第9期20卷 1470-1473页

作者：舒能川 D.W.Bardayan j.C.Blackmon 陈永寿 R.L.Kozub P.D.parker M.S.Smith ChinaInstituteofAtomicEnergy Beijing102413 PhysicsDivision OakRidgeNationalLaboratoryOakRidgeTennessee37831USA PhysicsDepartment TennesseeTechnologicalUniversityCookevilleTennessee38505USA A.W.WrightNuclearStructureLaboratory YaleUniversityNewHavenConnecticut06520USA

The rates of the thermonuclear 18F(p, α)15O and 18F(p,γ)19Ne reactions in hot astrophysical environments are needed to understand gamma-ray emission from nova explosions. The rates for these reactions have been uncertain due to discrepancies in recent measurements, as well as to a lack of a comprehensive examination of the available structure information in the compound nucleus 19Ne. We have examined the latest experimental measurements with radioactive and stable beams, and made estimates of the unmeasured 19Ne nuclear level parameters, to generate new rates with uncertainties for these reactions. The rates are expressed as numerical values over the temperature range relevant for stellar explosions, as well as analytical expressions as functions of temperature in a format suitable for use in astrophysical simulations. Comparisons with the previous rate calculations are carried out, and the astrophysical implications are briefly discussed.

关键词： Gamma rays

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