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Dibutyl phthalate disrupts[Ca^(2+)]_(i),reactive oxygen species,[pH]_(i),protein kinases and mitochondrial activity,impairing sperm function

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 68-78页

作者： Seung Hyun park Myung Chan Gye Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

To explore the mechanism of sperm dysfunction caused by dibutyl phthalate(DBP),the effects of DBP on intracellular[Ca^(2+)]and[pH],reactive oxygen species(ROS),lipid peroxidation(LPO),mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)opening,mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,phosphorylation of protein kinase A(PKA)substrate proteins and phosphotyrosine(p-Tyr)proteins,sperm motility,spontaneous acrosome reaction,and tail bending were examined in mouse *** 100μg/mL,DBP significantly increased tail bending and[Ca^(2+)]***,DBP showed biphasic effects on[pH]*** at 10–100μg/mL significantly decreased sperm ***,Ca^(2+)ionophore A23187 decreased[pH]_(i)sperm motility,suggesting that DBP-induced excessive[Ca^(2+)]_(i)decreased sperm *** significantly increased ROS and *** at 100μg/mL significantly decreased mPTP closing,MMP,and ATP levels in spermatozoa,as did H2O2,indicative of ROS-mediatedmitochondrial dysfunction caused by *** as well as H2O2 increased p-Tyr sperm proteins and phosphorylated PKA substrate sperm *** at 1–10μg/mL significantly increased the spontaneous acrosome reaction,suggesting that DBP can activate sperm ***,DBP showed a biphasic effect on intracellular signaling in *** concentrations relevant to seminal ortho-phthalate levels,DBP activates[pH]i,protein tyrosine kinases and PKA via physiological levels of ROS generation,potentiating sperm *** at high doses excessively raises[Ca^(2+)]_(i)and ROS and disrupts[pH]i,impairing the mitochondrial function,tail structural integrity,and sperm motility.

关键词： Dibutyl phthalate Reactive oxygen species(ROS) [Ca^(2+)]_(i) [pH]_(i) Mitochondria Protein kinases sperm

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Effect of preprocessing on performances of machine learning-based mineral composition analysis on gas hydrate sediments, Ulleung Basin, East Sea

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Petroleum Science 2025年第1期22卷 151-162页

作者： Hongkeun Jin Ju Young park Sun Young park Byeong-Kook Son Baehyun Min Kyungbook Lee Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences Kongju National University Tunnel & Underground Facility Division ESCO Consultant & Engineers Company Yellow Sea Institute of Geoenvironmental Sciences Petroleum and Marine Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering Ewha Womans University Center for Climate/Environment Change Prediction Research Ewha Womans University

Gas hydrate(GH) is an unconventional resource estimated at 1000-120,000 trillion *** on GH is ongoing to determine its geological and flow characteristics for commercial production. After two large-scale drilling expeditions to study the GH-bearing zone in the Ulleung Basin, the mineral composition of 488 sediment samples was analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD). Because the analysis is costly and dependent on experts, a machine learning model was developed to predict the mineral composition using XRD intensity profiles as input data. However, the model's performance was limited because of improper preprocessing of the intensity profile. Because preprocessing was applied to each feature, the intensity trend was not preserved even though this factor is the most important when analyzing mineral composition. In this study, the profile was preprocessed for each sample using minmax scaling because relative intensity is critical for mineral analysis. For 49 test data among the 488data, the convolutional neural network(CNN) model improved the average absolute error and coefficient of determination by 41% and 46%, respectively, than those of CNN model with feature-based preprocessing. This study confirms that combining preprocessing for each sample with CNN is the most efficient approach for analyzing XRD data. The developed model can be used for the compositional analysis of sediment samples from the Ulleung Basin and the Korea Plateau. In addition, the overall procedure can be applied to any XRD data of sediments worldwide.

关键词： Sample-based preprocessing X-ray diffraction (XRD) Machine learning Mineral composition Gas hydrate (GH) Ulleung basin

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Prominent cycling reversibility and kinetics enabled by CaTiO_(3) protective layer on Zn metal for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 245-258页

作者： Gaeun Lee Yong Nam Ahn Seongjoon So Chanwoo park Jong-Seong Bae Taehyun park Il Tae Kim Jaehyun Hur School of Chemical Biologicaland Battery EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnamGyeonggi 13120Republic of Korea Busan Center Korea Basic Science InstituteBusan 46742Republic of Korea

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable attention owing to their various advantages such as safety,low cost,simple battery assembly conditions,and high ionic ***,they still suffer from serious problems,including uncontrollable dendrite growth,corrosion,hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water decomposition,electrode passivation,and unexpected *** creation of a uniform artificial nanocrystal layer on the Zn anode surface is a promising strategy for resolving these ***,we propose the use of a perovskite CaTiO_(3)(CTO) protective layer on Zn(CTO@Zn) as a promising approach for improving the performance of *** CTO artificial layer provides an efficient pathway for Zn ion diffusion towards the Zn metal because of the high dielectric constant (εr=180) and ferroelectric characteristics that enable the alignment of dipole moments and redistribute the Zn^(2+)ions in the CTO *** avoiding the direct contact of the Zn anode with the electrolyte solution,the uneven dendrite growth,corrosion,parasitic side reactions,and HER are mitigated,while CTO retains its mechanical and chemical robustness during ***,CTO@Zn demonstrates an improved lifespan in a symmetric cell configuration compared with bare ***@Zn shows steady overpotential (~68 m V) for 1500 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)/0.5 mA h cm^(-2),excelling bare ***,when paired with the V_(2)O_(5)-C cathode,the CTO@Zn//V_(2)O_(5)-C full battery delivers 148.4 mA h g^(-1)(based on the mass of the cathode) after 300 *** study provides new insights into Zn metal anodes and the development of high-performance AZIBs.

关键词： CaTiO_(3) Artificial layer Dielectric constant Znmetal anode Zinc aqueous battery

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Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer:a phase II trial of pembrolizumab

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 57-65页

作者： RYUL KIM JOO KYUNG park MINSUK KWON MINAE AN JUNG YONG HONG JOON OH park SUNG HEE LIM SEUNG TAE KIM Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea Department of Hematology-Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon-siGyeonggi-doKorea Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulKorea

Background:Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid ***,the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer(BTC)are still *** and methods:We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line ***:All patients had microsatellite stable(MSS)type *** of the 32 patients achieved partial response(PR),with an objective response rate(ORR)of 9.4%(95%confidence interval[CI],2.0–25.2)and nine showed stable disease(SD),exhibiting a disease control rate(DCR)of 37.5%(95%CI,21.1–56.3).For the 31 patients who had access to PD-1 ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)testing(cut-off value≥1%),the ORR was not different between those who had PD-L1-positive(PD-L1+;1/11,9.1%)and PDL1-(2/20,10.0%)tumors(p=1.000).The tumor mutational burden(TMB)of PD-L1+BTC was comparable to that of PD-L1-BTC(p=0.630).TMB and any exonic somatic mutations were also not predictive of pembrolizumab *** analysis of blood and tumor samples demonstrated a relatively high natural killer(NK)cell proportion in the peripheral blood before pembrolizumab treatment in patients who achieved tumor ***,the tumors of these patients presented high enrichment scores for NK cells,antitumor cytokines,and Th1 signatures,and a low enrichment score for cancer-associated ***:This study shows the molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of pembrolizumab in BTC of the MSS type.

关键词： Pembrolizumab Whole-exome sequencing Whole-transcriptome sequencing Biliary tract cancer

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Scalable Ir‑Doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)/TiO_(2) Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H_(2) Production

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 1-18页

作者： Sukhwa Hong Jiseon Kim Jaebeom park Sunmi Im Michael R.Hoffmann Kangwoo Cho Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 790−784Korea Linde Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology(I‑CREATE) Yonsei University International CampusIncheon 21983Republic of Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells(WECs)for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H_(2) production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water,waste,and energy *** study reports Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4)(NFI,~5 at%Ir)spinel layer with TiO_(2) overlayer(NFI/TiO_(2)),as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment *** dilute(0.1 M)NaCl solutions,the NFI/TiO_(2) marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction,outperforming the benchmark IrO_(2).Robust operation in near-neutral pH was *** including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO_(2) which serves both as the primary site for Cl−chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic *** electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO_(2)not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH_(4)^(+)-to-N_(2)conversion,but also enhances H_(2)generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive *** scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO_(2)was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe_(2)O_(4) Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H_(2)production On-site wastewater treatment

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Advancing depth perception in spatial computing with binocular metalenses

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2025年第1期8卷 4-6页

作者： Junkyeong park Gyeongtae Kim Junsuk Rho Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics

spatial computing and augmented reality are advancing rapidly, with the goal of seamlessly blending virtual and physical worlds. However, traditional depth-sensing systems are bulky and energy-intensive, limiting their use in wearable devices. To overcome this, recent research by X. Liu et al. presents a compact binocular metalens-based depth perception system that integrates efficient edge detection through an advanced neural network. This system enables accurate, realtime depth mapping even in complex environments, enhancing potential applications in augmented reality, robotics, and autonomous systems.

关键词： deep learning depth perception edge detection metalens metasurface

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Extraction of rare earth elements from neodymium(NdFeB) magnet scrap using magnesium halides

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Journal of Rare Earths 2025年第2期43卷 371-376页

作者： Sung Gue Heo Jae Yeol Yang Soong Ju Oh Seok-Jun Seo Mi Hye Lee Kyoung-Tae park Korea Institute for Rare Metals Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University

The demand for neodymium（NdFeB） permanent magnets for electric vehicles and eco-friendly generators is ***,NdFeB magnets contain rare earth elements（REEs）,which are limited in *** this study,we performed an exchange reaction between magnesium halides（fluoride and chloride） and waste NdFeB scrap and then compared the characteristics of the extracted halides *** compositions of the ternary Mg fluoride（LiF:NaF:MgF2=50:40:10 in mole ratio） and chloride（LiCl:NaCl:MgCl2=10:50:40 in mole ratio） salts were thermodynamically determined for achieving low eutectic *** reactions between the NdFeB scrap powder（1-2 mm） and Mg halide salts were carried out at 1073 and 873 K for the fluoride and chloride systems,respectively,in an argon *** the reaction,we separated Nd halide from the residual salt and evaluated the Ndextraction *** phase formation of the salt was analyzed using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,and the extraction rate of Nd was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy（ICPOES）.Nd was extracted in the form of Nd halide（NdF3or NdCl3）,and the extraction rates in the fluoride and chloride systems are 98.64% and 84.59%,***,the fluoride system is more effective than the chloride system for Nd *** study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the effectiveness of fluo ride and chlo ride systems in extracting REEs from NdFeB magnet *** study findings can be used to develop an effective method for recycling magnet scraps.

关键词： Fluoride system Magnesium halide Metal-scrap recycling Nd extraction Neodymium magnet Rare earth elements

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Effects of monoglyceride blend on systemic and intestinal immune responses,and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 345-363页

作者： Sangwoo park Shuhan Sun Lauren Kovanda Adebayo O.Sokale Adriana Barri Kwangwook Kim Xunde Li Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA BASF Corporation Florham Park 07932USA BASF SE LampertheimGermany Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Monoglycerides have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional practices due to their biolog-ical activities,including antimicrobial ***,few studies have assessed the efficacy of monoglyceride blend on weaned pigs and their impacts on performance,immune response,and gut health using a disease chal-lenge ***,this study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary monoglycerides of short-and medium-chain fatty acids on the immunity and gut health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli *** Pigs supplemented with high-dose zinc oxide(ZNO)had greater(P<0.05)growth performance than other treatments,but no difference was observed in average daily feed intake between ZNO and monoglycerides groups during the post-challenge *** in ZNO and antibiotic groups had lower(P<0.05)severity of diarrhea than control,but the severity of diarrhea was not different between antibiotic and monoglycerides *** fed with monoglycerides or ZNO had lower(P<0.05)serum haptoglobin on d 2 or 5 post-inoculation than *** in ZNO had greater(P<0.05)goblet cell numbers per villus,villus area and height,and villus height:crypt depth ratio(VH:CD)in duodenum on d 5 post-inoculation than pigs in other *** supplemented with monoglyc-erides,ZNO,or antibiotics had reduced(P<0.05)ileal crypt depth compared with control on d 5 post-inoculation,contributing to the increase(P=0.06)in VH:***,pigs in ZNO expressed the lowest(P<0.05)TNFa,IL6,IL10,IL12,IL1A,IL1B,and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa on d 5 post-inoculation,and no difference was observed in the expres-sion of those genes between ZNO and *** of ZNO and antibiotic had significant impacts on metabolic pathways in the serum compared with control,particularly on carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,while limited impacts on serum metabolites were observed in monoglycerides group when compared with cont

关键词： Diarrhea Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Gut health Monoglycerides Systemic immunity Weaned pigs

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RGB Color-Discriminable Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Vision System

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 39-62页

作者： Bum Ho Jeong Jaewon Lee Miju Ku Jongmin Lee Dohyung Kim Seokhyun Ham Kyu-Tae Lee Young-Beom Kim Hui Joon park Department of Organic and Nano Engineering&Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Semiconductor Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Physics Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Korea

To emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system,the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount ***,attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range,even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer,poses a significant ***,we propose an approach that can bestow the color-discriminating synaptic functionality upon a three-terminal transistor flash memory even with enhanced discriminating *** incorporating the strong induced dipole moment effect at the excitation,modulated by the wavelength of the incident light,into the floating gate,we achieve outstanding RGB color-discriminating synaptic functionality within a remarkable intensity range spanning from 0.05 to 40 mW cm^(-2).This approach is not restricted to a specific medium in the channel layer,thereby enhancing its *** effectiveness of this color-discriminating synaptic functionality is demonstrated through visual pre-processing of a photonic synapse array,involving the differentiation of RGB channels and the enhancement of image contrast with noise ***,a convolutional neural network can achieve an impressive inference accuracy of over 94%for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-Research-10 colorful image recognition task after the *** proposed approach offers a promising solution for achieving robust and versatile RGB color discrimination in photonic synapses,enabling significant advancements in artificial visual systems.

关键词： Organic field-effect transistor Photonic synapse Excited-state dipole moment RGB color discrimination Neuromorphic visual system

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Optimization of an Artificial Intelligence Database and Camera Installation for Recognition of Risky Passenger Behavior in Railway Vehicles

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1277-1293页

作者： Min-kyeong Kim Yeong Geol Lee Won-Hee park Su-hwan Yun Tae-Soon Kwon Duckhee Lee Railroad Test&Certification Division Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI)Cheoldo BangmulgwanroUiwang-si16105Republic of Korea Railroad Safety Division Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI)Cheoldo BangmulgwanroUiwang-si16105Republic of Korea

Urban railways are vital means of public transportation in *** than 30%of metropolitan residents use the railways,and this proportion is expected to *** enhance safety,the government has mandated the installation of closed-circuit televisions in all carriages by ***,cameras still monitored *** address this limitation,we developed a dataset of risk factors and a smart detection system that enables an immediate response to any abnormal behavior and intensive monitoring *** created an innovative learning dataset that takes into account seven unique risk factors specific to Korean railway *** data collection was conducted across the Shinbundang Line of the Incheon Transportation Corporation,and the Ui-Shinseol *** observed several behavioral characteristics and assigned unique annotations to *** also considered carriage *** performance was evaluated by camera placement and *** the camera installation plan was *** dataset will find immediate applications in domestic railway *** artificial intelligence algorithms will be verified shortly.

关键词： AI railway vehicle risk factor smart detection AI training data

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