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Vegetation-environment relationship in conifer dominating forests of the mountainous range of Indus Kohistan in northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1989-2000页

作者： Adam KHAN Moinuddin AHMED Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQI Mohib shah Eduardo Soares CALIXTO Afsheen KHAN paras shah Javed IQBAL Muhammad AZEEM Department of Botany University of BunerSwari 19290Pakistan Dr.Moinuddin Ahmed Research Laboratory of Dendrochronology and Plant Ecology Department of Botany FederalUrdu University of ArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan Department of Botany University of Karachi Karachi 75270Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Entomology University of Sao PauloRibeirao PretoRibeirao Preto 14040-900Brazil Dr.Abdul Ghaffar laboratory of Plant Pathology and Aerobiology Department of BotanyFederal Urdu University ofArtsScience and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal campus KarachiKarachi 75300Pakistan

Environmental variables play a crucial role in shaping vegetation structure,mainly in mountainous ecosystems.Different studies have attempted to identify the environment-vegetation relationship of Conifer Dominating Forests(CDF)worldwide.However,due to differences in local climate and soil composition,different environmental drivers can be found.By applying multivariate analysis techniques,this study investigated the vegetation-environment relationship of CDF of Indus Kohistan in northern Pakistan.Our results showed that CDF of Indus Kohistan are distributed in five distinct ecological groups,which are dominated by different trees and understory species.A total of 7 trees and 71 understory species were recorded from the sampling sites.Cedrus deodara was the leading species among four groups,having the highest importance value(IV),density and basal area.Group I was dominated by Pinus wallichiana with the second highest importance value,density and basal area.In addition,elevation,slope,maximum water holding capacity(MWHC),soil moisture(SM),total organic matter(TOM),sodium,phosphorus and nickel showed highly significant influence on composition and distribution pattern of Indus Kohistan vegetation.Therefore,this study shows a new evidence of vegetation-environment relationship,pointing out specific drivers of vegetation structure in CDF of Indus Kohistan region in northern Pakistan.

关键词： Conifer forests Understory species Environmental variables Multivariate analysis Indus Kohistan Northern Pakistan

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Multi-parametric MRI of the prostate:Factors predicting extracapsular extension at the time of radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第1期4卷 31-36页

作者： Geoffrey S.Gaunay Vinay Patel paras shah Daniel Moreira Ardeshir R.Rastinehad Eran Ben-Levi Robert Villani Manish A.Vira The Smith Institute for Urology Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineNew Hyde ParkNYUSA Department of Urology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Urology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Department of Radiology Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineNew Hyde ParkNYUSA

Objective:Extracapsular extension(ECE)of prostate cancer is a poor prognostic factor associated with progression,recurrence after treatment,and increased prostate cancer-related mortality.Accurate staging prior to radical prostatectomy is crucial in avoidance of positive margins and when planning nerve-sparing procedures.Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)of the prostate has shown promise in this regard,but is hampered by poor sensitivity.We sought to identify additional clinical variables associated with pathologic ECE and determine our institutional accuracy in the detection of ECE amongst patients who went on to radical prostatectomy.Methods:mpMRI studies performed between the years 2012 and 2014 were cross-referenced with radical prostatectomy specimens.Predictive properties of ECE as well as additional clinical and biochemical variables to identify pathology-proven prostate cancer ECE were analyzed.Results:The prevalence of ECE was 32.4%,and the overall accuracy of mpMRI for ECE was 84.1%.Overall mpMRI sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for detection of ECE were 58.3%,97.8%,93.3%,and 81.5%,respectively.Specific mpMRI characteristics predictive of pathologic ECE included primary lesion size((20.73±9.09)mm,mean±SD,p<0.001),T2 PIRADS score(p=0.009),overall primary lesion score(p<0.001),overall study suspicion score(p=0.003),and MRI evidence of seminal vesicle invasion(SVI)(p=0.001).

关键词： Prostate cancer Magnetic resonance imaging Staging Prostatectomy Extracapsular extension

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Role of multi-parametric MRI of the prostate for screening and staging:Experience with over 1500 cases

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第1期4卷 68-74页

作者： Geoffrey Gaunay Vinay Patel paras shah Daniel Moreira Simon J.Hall Manish A.Vira Michael Schwartz Jessica Kreshover Eran Ben-Levi Robert Villani Ardeshir Rastinehad Lee Richstone Department of Urology The Smith Institute for UrologyNorthwell HealthNew Hyde ParkNYUSA Department of Urology University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA Department of Urology&Interventional Radiology Mount Sinai Health SystemNew York CityNYUSA

Objective:Contemporary prostate cancer(PCa)screening modalities such as prostate specific antigen(PSA)and digital rectal examination(DRE)are limited in their ability to predict the detection of clinically significant disease.Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)of the prostate has been explored as a staging modality for PCa.Less is known regarding its utility as a primary screening modality.We examined our experience with mpMRI as both a screening and staging instrument.Methods:mpMRI studies performed between 2012 and 2014 in patients without PCa were cross-referenced with transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS)biopsy findings.Statistical analyses were performed to determine association of mpMRI findings with overall cancer diagnoses and clinically significant(Gleason score≥7)disease.Subgroup analyses were then performed on patients with a history of prior negative biopsy and those without a history of TRUS biopsy.mpMRI studies were also cross-referenced with RP specimens.Statistical analyses determined predictive ability of extracapsular extension(ECE),seminal vesicle involvement(SVI),and pathologic evidence of clinically significant disease(Gleason score7).Results:Four hundred biopsy naive or prior negative biopsy patients had positive mpMRI studies.Overall sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were 94%,37%,58%,and 87%,respectively and 95%,31%,42%,and 93%,respectively for overall cancer detection and Gleason score≥7 disease.In patients with no prior biopsy history,mpMRI sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were 94%,36%,65%,and 82%,for all cancers,and 95%,30%,50%,and 89%for Gleason score7 lesions,respectively.In those with prior negative biopsy sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values were 94%,37%,52%,and 90% for all cancers,and 96%,32%,36%,and 96% for Gleason score7 lesions,respectively.Seventy-four patients underwent radical prostatectomy(RP)after mpMRI.Lesion size on mpMRI correlated with the presence of Gleason score7 canc

关键词： Prostate cancer Magnetic resonance imaging Staging Prostatectomy Screening Margins Gleason score Novel use

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Inflammation and dry eye disease——where are we?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第5期15卷 820-827页

作者： Srinivas K Rao Rishi Mohan Nikhil Gokhale Himanshu Matalia paras Mehta Darshan Eye Care&Surgical Centre ChennaiTamil NaduIndia MM Eyetech Institute of Ophthalmology New DelhiIndia Gokhale Eye Hospital MumbaiMaharashtraIndia Narayana Nethralaya Electronic CityBangaloreKarnatakaIndia Sameep Eye Hospital and Corneal Center VadodaraGujaratIndia

The presence of inflammation in dry eye disease(DED)results in increased patient symptomatology,ocular surface damage and worsening tear dysfunction.It also affects the health of meibomian glands and their secretions which further aggravates ocular surface disease.This article reviews current knowledge regarding ocular surface inflammation in DED and explores the relationships between the vicious cycles of DED,inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).The clinical evaluation of eyes with such changes,markers that identify the presence of inflammation on the ocular surface and current treatment options are discussed.

关键词： dry eye disease inflammation meibomian gland dysfunction vicious cycle ocular surface disease

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Automated Identification Algorithm Using CNN for Computer Vision in Smart Refrigerators

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3337-3353页

作者： Pulkit Jain paras Chawla Mehedi Masud Shubham Mahajan Amit Kant Pandit Chandigarh University Mohali140413India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia School of Electronics&Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi UniversityKatra182320India

Machine Learning has evolved with a variety of algorithms to enable state-of-the-art computer vision applications.In particular the need for automating the process of real-time food item identification,there is a huge surge of research so as to make smarter refrigerators.According to a survey by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO),it has been found that 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted by consumers around the world due to either food spoilage or expiry and a large amount of food is wasted from homes and restaurants itself.Smart refrigerators have been very successful in playing a pivotal role in mitigating this problem of food wastage.But a major issue is the high cost of available smart refrigerators and the lack of accurate design algorithms which can help achieve computer vision in any ordinary refrigerator.To address these issues,this work proposes an automated identification algorithm for computer vision in smart refrigerators using InceptionV3 and MobileNet Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.The designed module and algorithm have been elaborated in detail and are considerably evaluated for its accuracy using test images on standard fruits and vegetable datasets.A total of eight test cases are considered with accuracy and training time as the performance metric.In the end,real-time testing results are also presented which validates the system’s performance.

关键词： CNN computer vision Internet of Things(IoT) radio frequency identification(RFID) graphical user interface(GUI)

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Next generation lanthanide doped nanoscintillators and photon converters

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 213-236页

作者： Lei Lei Yubin Wang Andrey Kuzmin Youjie Hua Jingtao Zhao Shiqing Xu paras N.Prasad College of Optical and Electronic Technology China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina Institute for Lasers Photonicsand Biophotonics and Department of ChemistryUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260USA

Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray excited optical luminescence(XEOL)imaging.However,commercial bulk scintillators not only require complex fabrication procedures,but also exhibit non-tunable XEOL wavelength and poor device processability.Moreover,thick crystals usually generate light scattering followed by evident signal crosstalk in a photodiode array.Lanthanide doped fluoride nanoscintillators(NSs)prepared with low-temperature wet-chemical method possess several advantages,such as low toxicity,cheap fabrication cost,convenient device processability and adjustable emission wavelengths from ultraviolet to visible and extending to second near infrared window.In addition,they exhibit X-ray excited long persistent luminescence(XEPL)making them suitable for broadening the scope of their applications.This review discusses and summarizes the XEOL and XEPL characteristics of lanthanide doped fluoride NSs.We discuss design strategies and nanostructures that allow manipulation of excitation dynamics in a core-shell geometry to simultaneously produce XEOL,XEPL,as well as photon upconversion and downshifting,enabling emission at multiple wavelengths with a varying time scale profile.The review ends with a discussion of the existing challenges for advancing this field,and presents our subjective insight into areas of further multidisciplinary opportunities.

关键词： lanthanide excited fluoride

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging for studying DNA compaction and gene activities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2349-2359页

作者： Svitlana M.Levchenko Artem Pliss Xiao Peng paras N.Prasad Junle Qu Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Cell Biophysics Faculty of BiochemistryBiophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University30-387 KrakowPoland Institute for Lasers Photonics and BiophotonicsUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260-3000USA

Optical imaging is a most useful and widespread technique for the investigation of the structure and function of the cellular genomes.However,an analysis of immensely convoluted and irregularly compacted DNA polymer is highly challenging even by modern super-resolution microscopy approaches.Here we propose fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLIM)for the advancement of studies of genomic structure including DNA compaction,replication as well as monitoring of gene expression.The proposed FLIM assay employs two independent mechanisms for DNA compaction sensing.One mechanism relies on the inverse quadratic relation between the fluorescence lifetimes of fluorescence probes incorporated into DNA and their local refractive index,variable due to DNA compaction density.Another mechanism is based on the Förster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process between the donor and the acceptor fluorophores,both incorporated into DNA.Both these proposed mechanisms were validated in cultured cells.The obtained data unravel a significant difference in compaction of the gene-rich and gene-poor pools of genomic DNA.We show that the gene-rich DNA is loosely compacted compared to the dense DNA domains devoid of active genes.

关键词： expression. lifetime donor

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Multi-Objective High-Fidelity Optimization Using NSGA-III and MO-RPSOLC

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第11期129卷 443-464页

作者： N.Ganesh Uvaraja Ragavendran Kanak Kalita paras Jain Xiao-Zhi Gao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering CollegeChennai600062India Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering MPSTME SVKM’S Narsee Monjee Institute of Management StudiesShirpur425405India Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadi600062India School of Computing Science and Engineering VIT Bhopal UniversitySehore466114India School of Computing University of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland

Optimizing the performance of composite structures is a real-world application with significant benefits.In this paper,a high-fidelity finite element method(FEM)is combined with the iterative improvement capability of metaheuristic optimization algorithms to obtain optimized composite plates.The FEM module comprises of ninenode isoparametric plate bending element in conjunction with the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT).A recently proposed memetic version of particle swarm optimization called RPSOLC is modified in the current research to carry out multi-objective Pareto optimization.The performance of the MO-RPSOLC is found to be comparable with the NSGA-III.This work successfully highlights the use of FEM-MO-RPSOLC in obtaining highfidelity Pareto solutions considering simultaneous maximization of the fundamental frequency and frequency separation in laminated composites by optimizing the stacking sequence.

关键词： Composites finite element optimization Pareto swarm intelligence

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In-situ neutron-transmutation for substitutional doping in 2D layered indium selenide based phototransistor

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 112-120页

作者： Zhinan Guo Yonghong Zeng Fanxu Meng Hengze Qu Shengli Zhang Shipeng Hu Sidi Fan Haibo Zeng Rui Cao paras N.Prasad Dianyuan Fan Han Zhang Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and TechnologyCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices College of Material Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Institute for Lasers Photonicsand Biophotonics and Department of ChemistryUniversity at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260USA

Neutron-transmutation doping(NTD)has been demonstrated for the first time in this work for substitutional introduction of tin(Sn)shallow donors into two-dimensional(2D)layered indium selenide(InSe)to manipulate electron transfer and charge carrier dynamics.Multidisciplinary study including density functional theory,transient optical absorption,and FET devices have been carried out to reveal that the field effect electron mobility of the fabricated phototransistor is increased 100-fold due to the smaller electron effective mass and longer electron life time in the Sn-doped InSe.The responsivity of the Sn-doped InSe based phototransistor is accordingly enhanced by about 50 times,being as high as 397 A/W.The results show that NTD is a highly effective and controllable doping method,possessing good compatibility with the semiconductor manufacturing process,even after device fabrication,and can be carried out without introducing any contamination,which is radically different from traditional doping methods.

关键词： Neutron-transmutation doping Substitutional doping Two-dimensional materials Phototransistor

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Water‑Dispersible CsPbBr_(3) Perovskite Nanocrystals with Ultra‑Stability and its Application in Electrochemical CO_(2) Reduction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第11期13卷 190-202页

作者： Keqiang Chen Kun Qi Tong Zhou Tingqiang Yang Yupeng Zhang Zhinan Guo Chang‑Keun Lim Jiayong Zhang Igor Zutic Han Zhang paras N.Prasad Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Institute for Lasers Photonicsand BiophotonicsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260USA Department of Physics University at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY 14260USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering School of EngineeringNazarbayev UniversityNur‑Sultan City 010000Kazakhstan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and TechnologySuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhouJiangsu 215009People’s Republic of China

Thanks to the excellent optoelectronic properties,lead halide perovskites(LHPs)have been widely employed in highperformance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and lightemitting diodes.However,overcoming their poor stability against water has been one of the biggest challenges for most applications.Herein,we report a novel hot-injection method in a Pb-poor environment combined with a well-designed purification process to synthesize water-dispersible CsPbBr_(3) nanocrystals(NCs).The as-prepared NCs sustain their superior photoluminescence(91%quantum yield in water)for more than 200 days in an aqueous environment,which is attributed to a passivation effect induced by excess CsBr salts.Thanks to the ultra-stability of these LHP NCs,for the first time,we report a new application of LHP NCs,in which they are applied to electrocatalysis of CO_(2) reduction reaction.Noticeably,they show significant electrocatalytic activity(faradaic yield:32%for CH4,40%for CO)and operation stability(>350 h).

关键词： CsPbBr_(3)nanocrystals Water-dispersible Ultra-stability Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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