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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第8期14卷 733-766页

作者： Moussa Fall Ibrahima Labou papa Moussa ndiaye Department of Geology Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal National Superior School of Mines and Geology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Detailed work on Quaternary volcanism has been carried out in the Mermoz and Fann sectors of western Senegal. In the Mermoz sector, the main emission zone is a collapsed crater located at the intersection of three major fractures: NE-SW, NW-SE and N-S. The lithological succession in this Mermoz sector comprises, from bottom to top: 1) a substratum with at its base Eocene limestones on which lie Quaternary sands surmounted by stratified tuffs;2) a vesicular ball dolerite which deforms the stratified tuffs;3) a dark early breccia;4) two generations of basanites: the first is vesicular, the second non-vesicular;5) a clear intermediate breccia and finally 6) a late breccia. The Fann sector contains several emission zones, most of which are currently located in the ocean. The lavas may have reached the coast through E-W and NE-SW faults. The lithological succession includes from bottom to top: 1) scoria-rich early volcanic breccias;2) a first generation of non-vesicular mesocrate dolerite (D1);3) a second generation of melanocrate vesicular dolerite (D2);4) basanites and finally 5) a late breccia. The geochemical characteristics of the lavas studied are compatible with a very enriched and very deep magmatic source of the garnet lherzolite type located in the lower mantle. The magma from this source would have risen in the form of mantle plumes through major NE-SW and E-W faults in a continental intraplate context.

关键词： Quaternary Volcanism Western Senegal Emission Zone Geochemistry Con-tinental Intraplate

基于仿生蠕虫神经网络的四足机器人控制方法研究

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基于仿生蠕虫神经网络的四足机器人控制方法研究

作者： ndiaye papa Laity 哈尔滨工程大学

学位级别：硕士

秀丽隐杆线虫的神经系统结构表明,在机器人领域应用动物智能是一种简单的方法。本文提出了一种基于Pybullet框架的四足蚂蚁运动控制方法。虽然增广随机搜索算法已经取得了显著的效果,并成功地应用于各种形式的大规模任务中,但仍有一些... 详细信息

秀丽隐杆线虫的神经系统结构表明,在机器人领域应用动物智能是一种简单的方法。本文提出了一种基于Pybullet框架的四足蚂蚁运动控制方法。虽然增广随机搜索算法已经取得了显著的效果,并成功地应用于各种形式的大规模任务中,但仍有一些有待改进的地方。本文针对四足蚂蚁机器人在连续时间环境下的控制问题,提出了一种将随机搜索算法与蠕虫神经网络相结合的控制方法,该方法使蚂蚁的运动具有了一定的可解释性。本文主要研究内容如下:首先,对蠕虫(秀丽隐杆线虫)进行了介绍,给出了与蠕虫相关的背景,主要描述了蠕虫运动学假说。本文还讨论了仿生学在四足机器人领域的应用。其次,介绍了强化学习的理论和技术,并利用仿生蠕虫神经网络对蚂蚁四足机器人进行了训练。第三,我们回顾了机器人中四足动物的进化历程。描述了四足蚂蚁机器人在PyBullet环境中的结构和运动的数学模型。第四,以蚂蚁四足机器人为例,说明了抽头提取电路的功能和映射过程。蚂蚁四足机器人由111个输入和8个输出组成,为了控制蚂蚁四足机器人,我们需要对它的8个输出进行控制。首先,我们利用一个线性层,将111个输入变量映射为连续的2个变量,然后将它们输入抽头提取电路(TW电路)的2个感测神经元,最后再利用一个线性层,将2个运动神经元的神经电位映射到8个控制输出,即完成了对蚂蚁四足机器人的8个输出的控制。最后,我们通过观察PyBullet蚂蚁控制过程中的结果,展示了蠕虫神经网络的可解释性,蠕虫神经网络作为一种简单自然的人工神经网络结构,表现出了较好的性能。实验结果表明,将增广随机搜索算法与蠕虫网络相结合形成的神经电路策略比单独使用增广随机搜索算法的蚂蚁控制具有更好的性能。

关键词：蚂蚁四足动物强化学习神经回路策略随机搜索

Lifestyle Habits and Dietary Diversity among Medical Students at Université Gaston Berger (UGB) of Saint-Louis in 2023

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1172-1182页

作者： Lebem Togtoga Khadim Niang papa ndiaye Mamadou Saidou Bah Department of Public Health and Social Medicine Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: At university, habits, particularly eating habits, can negatively impact well-being. This study aimed to describe lifestyle habits and dietary diversity among medical students. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study, carried out at the UFR 2S of the University Gaston Berger from May 23 to June 3, 2023. The collection tool focused on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and dietary diversity. Statistical analyzes were carried out using R software. Results: A total of 471 students participated in this study. Which corresponds to a participation rate of 89.2% with a M/F sex ratio of 1.66. The age of participants, varying from 18 to 32 years, had a median of 23 years and a mean of 22.4 years with a standard deviation of 2.2 years. Among the participants, 67.2% skipped breakfast, and 28.5% did not practice any physical sports activity. Alcohol and tobacco were consumed by 2.5% and 0.6% of participants, respectively. The most consumed foods were starchy foods (97.5% of men and 98.4% of women);and the least consumed were dark green leafy vegetables (21.9% of men and 15.1% of women) and offal (16.9% of men and 11.9% of women). The dietary diversity score was low for 31.9% of men and 28.7% of women. Conclusion: Certain lifestyle habits (skipping breakfast, dining late at night, lack of sports practice) of Medicine students at UGB can prove deleterious to their well-being. These students are at risk of developing several deficiencies in terms of food groups that are underrepresented in their diet. Awareness sessions on good lifestyle habits and diet would be relevant recommendations for improving the health of these students.

关键词： Lifestyles Dietary Diversity Students UGB Senegal

Space and Temporal Distribution Analysis of Interictal Spike in Epilepsy

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Journal of Life Sciences 2012年第8期6卷 840-847页

作者： Mamadou Lamine ndiaye Jean-Jacques Montois Abel Kinie papa Alioune Sarr ndiaye Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l 'Image INSERM U 642 Rennes 35000 France Centre International de Formation et de Recherche en Energie Solaire CIFRES ESP-UCAD BP 5085 Dakar Senegal

Stereo-electroencephalography （SEEG） is the main investigation method for pre-surgical evaluation of patients suffering from drug-resistant partial epilepsy. SEEG signals reflect two types of paroxysmal activity： ictal activity and interictal activity or interictal spikes （IS）. The relationship between IS and ictal activity is an essential and recurrent question in epiletology. In this paper, we present a distributed and parallel architecture for space and temporal distribution analysis of IS, based on a distributed and collaborative methodology. The proposed approach exploits the SEEG data using vector analysis of the corresponding signals among multi-agents system. The objective is to present a new method to analyze and classify IS during wakefulness （W）, light sleep （LS） and deep sleep （DS） stages. Temporal and spatial relationships between IS and seizure onset zone are compared during wakefulness, light sleep and deep sleep. Results show that space and temporal distribution for real data are not random but correlated.

关键词： Epilepsy sleep stage stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) interictal spike signal processing multi-agent system.

Sensitivity Analysis of the Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration to Climatic Variables: Case of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第12期9卷 1364-1376页

作者： papa Malick ndiaye Ansoumana Bodian Lamine Diop Koffi Djaman Laboratoire Leï di “Dynamique des Territoires et Développement” Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Senegal UFR S2ATA Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal NMSU: Agricultural Science Center at Farmington Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Farmington USA

Sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the effect of each climatic input variable on the variation of the evapotranspiration which is a significant element for hydrological modelling, irrigation programs, and water resources management. This study investigates the responses of evapotranspiration to the variation of maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and maximum and minimum relative humidity. Daily data from 1998 to 2012 of eight stations are used. For each climatic variable, a variation of 5% up to ±25% was performed in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the evapotranspiration to the input variables. Results show that evapotranspiration is more sensitive to the variation of solar radiation, maximal temperature and wind speed, respectively.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Sensitivity Coefficient Burkina Faso

Study of HIV Prevalence and Behaviors in Rural Areas of Goudomp Health District (Senegal)

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World Journal of AIDS 2020年第2期10卷 69-79页

作者： Niang Khadim Anne Malick Sarr Assane Thiam Ousmane ndiaye papa Public Health Department Gaston Berger University (UGB) of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal Goudomp Health District Sedhiou Region Senegal Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Gaston Berger University (UGB) of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal

This study aims to determine the factors related to HIV-positive status in people aged 15 to 49 years of age in the commune of Niagha in Goudomp. The study was descriptive and analytically cross-cutting and had taken place in a release of 2018. The data was collected on anonymous questionnaires and then analyzed using R software after entering with Epi 7 software. Bivariate analyses and logistical modelling have been used to investigate the factors associated with HIV status. The sample included 400 people, and a participation rate of 100% was obtained in relation to the administration of the questionnaire. For the detection of HIV infection, 318 people agreed to do so, a proportion of 79.7%. The average age of the respondents was 27.8 years with a standard deviation of 9.1 and extremes of 15 to 49 years. 21.5% of respondents were under 20 years of age, the median was 26 years. With 58.8% of women, the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.7. In this study, 11.5% of respondents did not believe in the existence of HIV infection, 92.0% were sexually active, and 40.5% had sex with casual partners. The main places for casual sex were cultural events (84.0%), weekly markets (53.1%), religious events (27.8%) and during travel (22.8%). Among them, only 20 respondents, or 12.3%, declared that they systematically protect themselves with a condom during these occasional sexual relations. This wearing of condoms was found in 20.7% of singles and 10.7% of married couples having casual sex. In this study, 60.0% of the respondents declared that they had paid for sex, although this practice is not cited in income-generating activities. Non-consensual sex was found in 6.5% of the respondents. In this study, 319 people agreed to be tested for HIV, or 79.7% of the sample. HIV infection was found in 19 people, 6.0% seroprevalence, with 16 cases of HIV 1 infection and three cases of HIV 2 infection. Several risk behaviors were found in this study. However, none of them had a statistically significant

关键词： HIV Risky Behaviors IST Prevalence Senegal

Eating Habits of High School Students in the District of Bamako in the Context of Nutritional Transition

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 865-879页

作者： Mamadou Saïdou Bah Lebem Togtoga Abdourahmane Ndong papa Djibril Ndoye Khadim Niang papa ndiaye Department of Public Health and Social Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Eating habits are consolidated in early childhood and continue throughout life. Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth linked to puberty affected by the nutritional transition. This study aimed to evaluate the eating habits of high school students in the district of Bamako. Methodology: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from June 15 to July 4, 2023. The sample size was calculated with the StatCalc program of the Epi 7.2 software. Data was collected using a questionnaire on KoboCollect. Analyses were performed using SPSS 26 software. Results: A total of 2400 high school students were surveyed. The average age of high school students was 16.9 years ± 1.4. The median age was 17, with extremes of 14 and 19. Of the high school students, 53.3% were boys. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.14. About 89.4% of high school students had a Smartphone. Among high school students, 51.1% did not engage in physical activity outside of high school. Rice was the cereal most consumed by high school students (99.2%). Consumption of fish and seafood was very low (25.5%). Soft drinks were consumed on average 4.2 days/week. In addition, 60.8% of high school students consumed energy drinks. Certain eating behaviors were found in this study, such as nibbling (38.5%), eating in front of screens (79.0%), and skipping meals (46.1%). Conclusion: The most consumed cereal by high school students was rice. The consumption of ultra-processed products and sedentary leisure are habits to be monitored in the context of the prevention of food-related non-communicable diseases among high school students in the district of Bamako.

关键词： Eating Habits Behaviors Nutrition High School Students Bamako

The Various Complications Associated with Use of Silicone Oil in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD) Surgery via Three-Port Vitrectomy (3PV): A Retrospective Study at the Ophthalmology Center of Abass Ndao Hospital

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 250-256页

作者： Soda Mbaye El Hadji Malick Sy Aïssatou Aw papa Amadou ndiaye Abass Ndao University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: RRD (Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment) is a separation between the neuroepithelium and the pigment epithelium due to the passage of fluid through a retinal dehiscence. It constitutes a major ophthalmologic emergency. Its management is primarily surgical, either through external or internal approaches, with tamponade using gas or silicone oil. The purpose of this study was to report the various complications associated with the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery. Patients et methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study from October 1, 2020, to October 31, 2023, which included all patients who underwent surgery for RRD using three-port vitrectomy (3PV) with tamponade using 1000 centistoke silicone oil (Group 1) and 5000 centistoke silicone oil (Group 2). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and were operated on by the same surgeon. Data analysis was performed using Excel software. Results: Overall, 31 patient files representing 33 eyes were collected, with a mean age of 48.83 years and a sex ratio of 4.16. Group 1 consisted of 16 eyes (48.48%), and Group 2 consisted of 17 eyes (51.51%). The different complications observed were cataracts in all phakic subjects, accounting for 57.57%;ocular hypertonia in 69.69% (27.27% in Group 1;42.42% in Group 2);anterior chamber silicone oil migration in 24.24% (9.09% in Group 1;15.15% in Group 2);recurrence of retinal detachment in 21.21% (6.06% in Group 1;15.15% in Group 2);and silicone oil emulsification in 24.24% (15.15% in Group 1;9.09% in Group 2). Additionally, there was one case of corneal degeneration in Group 1. Conclusion: Silicone oil is an effective tamponade agent used in the treatment of retinal detachments. Close patient follow-up is necessary due to the complications associated with its use, which can occur either early or late after surgery.

关键词： Silicone Cataracts OHT Emulsifications

Determinants of Iron Consumption among Pregnant Women in Southern Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第1期7卷 41-50页

作者： Khadim Niang Adama Faye Jean Augustin Diégane Tine Fatou Bintou Diongue Banda ndiaye Mame Bineta ndiaye papa ndiaye Anta Tal-Dia Health and Development Institute (ISED) of Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Micronutrient Initiative Dakar Senegal Public Health Department of Gaston Berger University (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal

The anemia by iron deficiency is a public health problem. To palliate the multiple maternal and fetal consequences, the WHO recommends the iron supplementation during at least 90 days to all pregnant women. The goal of our study is to study the determinants of this consumption in the Kolda area (Senegal). It’s the analytical cross-sectional study referred. We use the survey by clusters with 2 levels and it’s about all of the women who gave birth in Kolda area between February 2013 and January 2014. The dependent variable was iron consumption during at least 90 days and the independents variables were grouped on personal factors, knowledge and practices. Data were collected during a personal interview face to face. We used logistic regression to identify the determinants of this consumption. The average age of women surveyed in 1442 was 25.5 years. They had knowledge of iron consumption (93%) and the number of antennal consultation (ANC) (66%). The prevalence of pregnant women who consumed iron at least for 90 days was 51%. The factors associated with consumption were schooling (ORa = 2.49 [1.54 - 4.03]), health awareness (ORa = 1.61 [1.25 to 2.07]), knowledge about number of ANC (ORa = 1.54 [1.18 - 2.00]), councils on the benefits of iron (ORa = 2.66 [1.77 - 4.00]), the household wealth index (ORa = 1.83 [1.04 to 3.19]), number of ANC (ORa = 2.05 [1.56 - 2.69]), age pregnancy on the first ANC (ORa = 2 [1.47 - 2.7]) and iron prescription (ORa = 1.64 [1.25 - 2.16]). The prevalence of iron consumption during at least 90 days is low in Kolda area (51%);however, its determinants are identified;we can solve the problem by increasing communicate more about iron supplementation and antenatal consultation.

关键词： Iron Consumption Anemia Pregnancy Maternal Mortality Senegal

Polycyclic Evolution of Paleoproterozoic Rocks in the Southwestern Part of the Mako Group(Eastern Senegal,West Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第7期5卷 739-748页

作者： papa Moussa ndiaye Edmond Dioh Famara Diatta Alassane Traore Makhoudia Fall Ousmane Balde Département de Géologie Universite Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSénégal Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire Universite Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSénégal Institut de Technologie Nucléaire Appliquée Universite Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSénégal

After an extensional stage giving rise to tholeiitic basalts and gabbros, the south western part of Kédougou Kéniéba Inlier (KKI) was affected by three phases of compressionnal deformation. The first phase (D1) was related to NE-SW stress that led to northeastward thrusting. Early granitoids would be implemented during this tectonic event. The second phase (D2) was due to East-West compressional stress that created combined strike sleep faults: NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW respectively sinistral and dextral. During this phase, some volcanic rocks and gabbros were mylonitized, hydrothermalized and transformed into quartzites. These quartzites were considered as sedimentary rocks in previous studies. Granitic plutons and andesites took place during this tectonic phase. D3 deformation occurred towards the end of the Eburnean orogeny. It would be held in two episodes. In the first episode, WNW-ESE stresses created conjugate shears: sinistral NNW-SSE and dextral NE-SW. In the second episode, stresses moved toward the NE-SW direction and made the resulting brittle structures arranged in NS dextral corridors.

关键词： Paleoproterozoic Eastern Senegal Volcanic-Rocks Polycyclic Deformation Silicification