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Sweetener and flavor Enhancer food Additives in Industrial food Products Marketed in Dakar: frequency and Diversity

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna papa Amadou Diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou Diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UfR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in Dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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COVID-19/Tuberculosis Co-Infection at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Saint-Louis (Senegal): About 9 Cases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 56-66页

作者： Alassane Dièye Moustapha Diedhiou papa Latyr Junior Diouf Mba Bambo Diakhaby Demba Makalou Samba Niang Diatou Dia-Gueye Amadou Diop Dia Ibrahima Louis Martin Dieng Seynabou Lô Ndéye Méry Dia-Badiane Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Medicine Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic of fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: COVID-19 is a global public health emergency that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. In countries where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, coinfection of COVID-19 and TB is often encountered, which increases the risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19/TB coinfection at the Epidemic treatment center (ETC) in Saint-Louis (Senegal) and to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and outcome profile of co-infected patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive cohort study based on the records of COVID-19/ TB co-infected patients who were hospitalized at the ETC in Saint-Louis (Senegal) over an 18-month period from March 2020 to September 2021. Results: Out of a total of 454 hospitalizations, we collected records of 9 patients co-infected with COVID-19/TB, resulting in a prevalence of 2%. The study included patients with a median age of 34 years (range: 10-86 years), with a male predominance (7 cases) and a sex ratio of 3.5. The majority of patients (88.9%) had severe forms of COVID-19. Dyspnea and cough were reported in all patients (100%). Pulmonary TB was the most frequent localization, with 9 cases. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by nasopharyngeal PCR in all patients (100%). Bacilloscopy was positive in 3 out of 5 cases. One patient tested positive for GeneXpert? MTB/RIf without rifampicin resistance. All patients were prescribed the hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Out of the nine patients, four recovered (44.4%) and five died (55.5%). Conclusion: COVID-19/TB coinfection had a low prevalence in our cohort, but was associated with a high mortality due to the frequent occurrence of severe forms of the disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Tuberculosis Saint-Louis Senegal

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Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients Hospitalized at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) in Saint-Louis, Senegal during the first Two Waves

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 322-337页

作者： Alassane Dièye papa Latyr Junior Diouf Bourama Diémé Moustapha Diedhiou Diatou Dia-Gueye Amadou Diop Dia Samba Niang Ibrahima Louis Martin Dieng Ameth Dieng Seynabou Lô Ndéye Méry Dia-Badiane Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Emergency Department of Regional Hospital Center Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major public health emergency. Several risk factors are involved in the occurrence of respiratory distress that can lead to death despite resuscitation measures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolution profile of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at the CTE of Saint-Louis (Senegal) during the first two waves. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that included all patients hospitalized at the ETC of Saint-Louis (Senegal) with SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 358 cases were collected, 256 (71.5%) during the first wave and 102 (28.5%) during the second wave. The mean age was 49.5 years (19.5). There was a male predominance (58.4%), with a sex ratio of 1.4. Hypertension was the main comorbidity, with 87 cases (24.3%). The most common functional signs were cough in 194 cases (54.2%), dyspnea in 143 cases (40%) and ageusia in 134 cases (37.4%). Thoracic CT scans were performed on 20 patients (5.6%), with severe involvement (50% - 75%) observed in 50% of cases. Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin was prescribed to 351 patients (98%). Overall, 338 (94.4%) recovered and 17 (4.7%) died. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with death were male sex [OR = 2.645;95% CI: 1.530 - 4.785;p = 0.011], age 60 years [OR = 1.039;95% CI: 0.564 - 1.914;p = 0.002], the presence of comorbidities [OR = 2.171;95% CI: 0.564 - 3.429;p = 0.033], SpO2 (ambient air) 95% [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 0.616 - 3.827;p = 0.03], acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [OR = 0.635;95% CI: 0.316 - 1.275;p = 0.001], severe form [OR = 1.664;95% CI: 0.298 - 2.478;p = 0.016], occurrence of complications [OR = 0.521;95% CI: 0.287 - 0.944;p = 0.032], high creatinine levels [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 1.616 - 3.827;p = 0.026], and lymphopenia [OR = 0.485;95% CI: 0.370 - 0.636;p = 0.0

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Saint-Louis Senegal

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Study of factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Rabies in the Commune of Niakhéne in Senegal, in 2022

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 180-197页

作者： Boubacar Gueye Martial Coly Bop Ndéye Marième Diagne Khadija Barro Cheikh Tacko Diop Alioune Badara Tall papa Gallo Sow Mountaga Dia Abdoul Aziz Ndiaye Ousseynou Ka Training and Research Unit for Health and Sustainable Development Alioune Diop University of Bambeye Bambeye Senegal Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Rabies is a serious disease, as it is always fatal, but it can be prevented by sero-vaccination. It is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and to determine the factors associated with them among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhène. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhène. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. Bivariate analysis was performed using association tests. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.3 ± 16.9 years. It was noted that 67% (201) of respondents had a good knowledge of rabies. The results showed that 7.3% (22) of respondents owned a dog. Of the 278 people who did not own a dog, 78.4% (218) said they would have vaccinated their dog if they had had one. It should be noted that 83.7% (251) of respondents said they would go to a health facility if an animal bit them. None of the dog owners had vaccinated their dogs against rabies. Of the 41 people exposed to rabies, 39% went to a health facility. The age and education of the respondents had statistically significant associations with knowledge of rabies. Respondents’ age and education were statistically significantly related to whether they had vaccinated a domestic dog. The age, education and economic well-being quintile of respondents’ households had statistically significant associations with the use of a health facility in the event of being bitten or scratched by an animal vector. The education of respondents who had been bitten by an animal vector was statistically significantly associated with the use of a health facility. Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal health authorities to collaborate in a “One Health” approach in order to increase knowledge and promote the adoption of good pract

关键词： Rabies Knowledge Attitudes Practices Associated factors Senegal

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factors associated with mortality in congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center in Senegal

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 24-29页

作者： Tshibwid A Zeng papa Alassane Mbaye Doudou Gueye Ndèye fatou Seck Ibrahima Bocar Wellé Rosalie Niang Youssouph Diedhiou Mbaye fall Ndèye Aby Ndoye Aloïse Sagna Oumar Ndour Gabriel Ngom Department of Pediatric Surgery Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital CenterUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal Department of Pediatric Surgery Aristide Le Dantec University Teaching HospitalUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal

Objective Patients with congenital malformations(CMs)of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)have a very high ***,the literature on the factors associated with mortality in these patients is scarce in sub-Saharan *** aim of this study is to identify independent risk factors for mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT at our pediatric surgical *** We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases with CMs of the GIT managed at a tertiary center from 2018 to *** were subdivided into two groups based on the outcomes,and variables with a significant difference were analyzed by logistic *** Our review included 226 patients,63 of whom died(27.88%).Patient age ranged from 0 to 15 *** into account statistical significance,mortality was more frequent in neonates than in older patients(57.30%vs 6.15%),in patients coming out of the Dakar area than in those from the Dakar area(43.75%vs 19.18%),in patients with abnormal prenatal ultrasound than in those with normal ultrasound(100%vs 26.67%),in premature children than in those born at term(78.57%vs 21.87%),in patients with an additional malformation than in those with an isolated malformation(69.23%vs 25.35%),and in those with intestinal,esophageal,duodenal and colonic atresia than in those with other diagnoses(100%,89%,56.25%and 50%,respectively).Referred patients died more than those who changed hospitals or came from home(55.29%vs 25%and 9.09%,respectively).On multivariable logistic regression,two independent factors of mortality were identified:presence of associated malformation[odds ratio(OR)=13.299;95%Confidence interval(CI)1.370 to 129.137]and diagnosis of esophageal atresia(OR=46.529;95%CI 5.828 to 371.425).Conclusion The presence of an associated malformation or diagnosis of esophageal atresia increases mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT in our environment.

关键词： mortality diagnosis congenital

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Profile of the functional Categories of food Additives in Industrial foods Marketed in Senegal

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food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1244-1258页

作者： Alé Kane Ngoné fall Bèye Alioune Sow papa Amadou Diakhaté Ndèye Yacine Ndiaye Mady Cissé Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Dakar Senegal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA) Dakar Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal

food additives, whether natural or artificial substances, are widely used around the world to improve the sensory quality of products, extend their shelf life and make them more competitive. However, the abusive and uncontrolled consumption of food additives is the cause of numerous illnesses and diseases such as poisoning, allergies, diabetes and numerous cancers. So, in addition to setting up control and regulatory bodies, it is becoming essential to keep a constant watch on the presence of food additives on the market. The aim of this study is to highlight the main categories of food additives in food products frequently sold on the Senegalese market. The methodology of the study is based on the identification of food additives from the information given on the labels of food packaging. Information was collected in markets in two (2) major regions of Senegal: Dakar and Saint-Louis. The results of our study show the presence of 153 food additives on the labels of 514 samples collected. Moreover, the frequency and diversity of additives depended on the food category. On the other hand, beyond their important technological and functional roles, some additives such as aspartame and monosodium glutamate have been implicated in pathologies, and others, such as titanium dioxide, are the subject of much controversy and even withdrawal in certain legislations for their impacts deemed potentially negative on consumer health.

关键词： Additives Labels food Categories Quality food Safety

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Identification of Natural and Artificial Colorants in Industrial Products Marketed in Senegal

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food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1232-1243页

作者： Alé Kane papa Amadou Diakhaté Ngoné fall Bèye Alioune Sow Coumba Gueye Sagna Mady Cissé Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Sénégal Département des Technologies Agroalimentaires UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Sénégal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Sénégal

food colorants are widely used in the food industry to maintain or enhance product color. However, as the use of these colorants can have negative impacts on health, it is essential to analyze the risks associated with their consumption. This analysis requires, among other things, obtaining sufficient data on the presence of these colorants in foods, as well as their level of consumption. However, data on these colorants is often virtually non-existent in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the colorant profile of industrial products marketed in Senegal. Information on food additives was collected on 399 labels of different food product categories in shops located in Dakar. Data is recorded and processed using Excel software. Based on the Codex classification, analysis of the profile of additives identified on the labels of food samples revealed the presence of 31 colorants. The natural colorants identified are dominated by beta-carotene, widely present in beverages and dairy products, and paprika extract identified on cookies and industrial sauces. Artificial colors are dominated caramels present in several foods including bouillons, vinegars, sauces and hard candies. Secondly, there was a strong presence of the azo dye Sunset yellow fCf, widely found in samples of beverages, confectionery and cookies. The results of this case study enable us to appreciate the wide presence and diversity of colorants on the Senegalese market, and the importance of controlling them to guarantee consumer safety.

关键词： Colorant Artificial Natural food Additives food Safety

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Metabolic Emergencies in Newborns in a Subsaharian Neonatology Department: Evaluation of Glucose, Sodium and Potassium Disorders

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 263-273页

作者： Ndèye fatou Sow Amadou Sow Mame Aita Seck Yaay Joor Dieng Djeneba fafa Cissé papa Moctar f.ye Ndèye Ramatoulaye Diagne Ousmane Ndiaye Department of Pediatrics National Children’s Center Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Metabolic neonatal adaptation is a complex phenomenon and metabolic disorders can be frequent in immature newborns or in life-threatening situations. In Low and Middle income countries (LMIC) the difficult access to some diagnostic tests makes the management of the metabolic emergencies challenging. The main objectives of this study were to assess the frequency and circumstances of occurrence and to describe the clinical picture associated with glucose, sodium and potassium disorders in neonates. Patients and Methods: Our study was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the neonatology unit of National Children Hospital Albert Royer in Dakar (Senegal) from January 1 to December 31, 2014. Results: The prevalence of the studied metabolic disorders was 46.7%. The most common metabolic disorder noted was Hyperglycemia followed by Hyponatremia. Thermoregulation disturbances were found particularly in newborns with serum sodium disorders (hyponatremia 33.5% and hypernatremia 59.7%). Neurological signs were noted in case of blood sugar abnormalities (hypoglycemia 26.1% and hyperglycemia 29.8%). Half of the newborns with hyperglycemia (82 cases/50%) had blood sugar levels greater than or equal to 2 g/l. Hypernatremia was severe (Serum sodium> 180 mmol/l) in 12 neonates (16.7%). The main diagnoses retained were sepsis (159 cases/45.4%), prematurity (96 cases/27.4%), intrauterine growth retardation (66 cases/18.9%), malformations (63 cases/18%), perinatal asphyxia (44 cases/12.6%) and malnutrition (36 cases/10.3%). for most metabolic disorders, the correction was late and was done beyond 48 hours. On average, the correction time varied between 3 hours and 6 days. The most frequent complications were cerebral edema (12 cases), brain death (8 cases) and increased intracranial pressure (3 cases). The most lethal disorders were Hyperkalemia followed by Hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Metabolic disorders especially glucose, sodium and potassium disorders are c

关键词： Metabolic Disorders Newborn Hypoglycemia Hyperkalaemia Hyperglyce-mia Hypernatremia

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Epidemiological Profile of Women with Mental Disorders in Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 355-372页

作者： Racky Wade-Kane Sokhna Seck Khourédia Thiam Ndéye Dialé Ndiaye Ndongo papa Lamine f.ye Aida Sylla Mamadou Habib Thiam Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Women are currently more likely than men to suffer from mental health problems. The prevalence of mental health problems among women is also increasing. However, few studies conducted in Africa provide epidemiological data on women. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of women with mental health problems in Dakar. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study over a five-year period, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. It concerned all women hospitalised for psychiatric reasons at the Psychiatry Department of fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. The data collection form provided information on the sociodemographic profile, i.e., age, current address, marital status, ethnicity, religion, level of education, professional activity, and use of psychoactive substances. Results: The prevalence of mental disorders was 34.9% and concerned the following ICD-10 pathology groups [f00 - 09], [f10 - f19], [f20 - f29], [f30 - f39], [f40 - 48], [f50 - f59] and [f60 - f69]. The mean age of the patients was 37 years, with a standard deviation of 13 and extremes from 16 to 74 years. Most patients were unmarried (56%). Among the married patients, the monogamous regime was in the majority in our study: 56% compared with 44% for the polygamous regime. Women had to attend french school in 74% of cases. In our study, 32% of patients had reached university level. The majority were unemployed (67%). The notion of mourning was found in 214 patients (30.2%). The birth of one or more children marked the lives of 184 patients (26%). Divorce was noted in 103 patients (14.5%). Marital conflicts were experienced by 94 patients (13.3%). Twenty percent of the patients had used psychoactive substances. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of a woman with a mental disorder in Dakar is that of a single woman in her forties who had attended university and was a housewife. She does not use psychoactive substances and has experience

关键词： Epidemiological Profile Dakar Mental Disorder Woman

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Clinical Profile of Women with Mental Disorders in Dakar Hospitals

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第S1期13卷 392-409页

Introduction: In Senegal, knowledge of the clinical profile of mental disorders in women has not been the subject of many studies, even though it is of vital importance to those involved in mental health. Thus, the aim of our study was to describe the clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders in women hospitalized at fann. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study over a five-year period. We identified 402 cases that met the selection criteria. The data collection form provided information on aspects of the clinical profile of mental disorders, such as medical, surgical, gynecological, obstetrical and psychiatric history, instigator of the request for care, diagnosis, duration and number of hospitalizations. ICD-10 was used for the various pathologies identified. Results: Asthma was noted in 7% of patients, as was hypertension. Gynecological surgery was found in 43 patients (11%). Eight patients were menopausal (2%). The mean number of gestations was 2.09, with a standard deviation of 2.257 and extremes between 0 and 10 gestations. Patients with a history of abortion numbered 58 (14%). The decision to hospitalize the patients was made by 96% (384 patients) of those around them. Hetero aggression was the most recurrent reason for hospitalization (19%). Pathology group f20-29 (schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and delusional disorders) was the majority group. Conclusion: The clinical profile of the mentally ill woman in Dakar is a woman in her mid-forties who most often presents with a personal psychiatric history, and her hospitalization is prompted by hetero-aggression and/or logorrhea. She usually suffers from schizophrenia and related disorders. Hospitalization usually lasts between 11 and 20 days.

关键词： Dakar Clinical Profile Mental Disorders Woman

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