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Perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Minors in Casamance (Senegal)

Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第1期13卷 33-44页

作者： Adama Koundoul Ibra Diagne Bernadette F. Sambou Issa Wone El Hadji Makhtar Ba Sokhna Seck papa lamine faye Emile Badiane Psychiatric Center Ziguinchor Senegal Health Emergency Operations Center Dakar Senegal Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Fann National University Hospital Center Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The causes of sexual delinquency against children are multifactorial and the motivations that drive the perpetrators of sexual assault are diverse. Nowadays, there is still no consensus on a single portrait of child sex offenders and studies that focus on sex offenders are still rare in Senegal and Africa. Objectives: To determine the profile of the perpetrators and to identify the circumstances of sexual violence against minors in Casamance. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study from April 1, 2014 to October 31, 2019 was conducted. The study population was made up of perpetrators of sexual violence against minors whose legal proceedings were dealt with at the Ziguinchor High Court. The data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and then analyzed using Epi InfoTM 7 software. Results: A total of 106 cases of sexual violence against minors were collected for 113 aggressors and 106 victims. Rape accounted for 66.03% of sexual violence. Male aggressors were 98.23%. Female victims accounted for 95.28%. The average age of the attackers was 32.52 years (±13.68). Offenders over the age of 35 committed the most rape (p = 0.043). The average age of the victims was 12.62 years (±3.42). Victims aged ten and over (p = 0.015) and who had a low level of education (p = 0.016) were more exposed to rape. The assault took place during the day (65.71%) and at the home of the aggressor (62.26%). Victims knew their attackers (84.47%). Victims were assaulted more than once by the same assailant (40.57%). Those aged 10 years and over (p = 0.0037) and who knew their attackers (p = 0.014) were more at risk of being repeatedly sexually abused. Conclusion: In Senegal, sexual violence against minors is perpetrated by young adult men, single, with little or no education and exercising low-income professions. Rape is the type of aggression preferred by perpetrators, most of whom were known to their victims. The policy to fight sexual vio

关键词： Sexual Violence Minors Aggressor Casamance

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Epidemiological Profile of Women with Mental Disorders in Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 355-372页

作者： Racky Wade-Kane Sokhna Seck Khourédia Thiam Ndéye Dialé Ndiaye Ndongo papa lamine faye Aida Sylla Mamadou Habib Thiam Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Women are currently more likely than men to suffer from mental health problems. The prevalence of mental health problems among women is also increasing. However, few studies conducted in Africa provide epidemiological data on women. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of women with mental health problems in Dakar. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study over a five-year period, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. It concerned all women hospitalised for psychiatric reasons at the Psychiatry Department of Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal. The data collection form provided information on the sociodemographic profile, i.e., age, current address, marital status, ethnicity, religion, level of education, professional activity, and use of psychoactive substances. Results: The prevalence of mental disorders was 34.9% and concerned the following ICD-10 pathology groups [F00 - 09], [F10 - F19], [F20 - F29], [F30 - F39], [F40 - 48], [F50 - F59] and [F60 - F69]. The mean age of the patients was 37 years, with a standard deviation of 13 and extremes from 16 to 74 years. Most patients were unmarried (56%). Among the married patients, the monogamous regime was in the majority in our study: 56% compared with 44% for the polygamous regime. Women had to attend French school in 74% of cases. In our study, 32% of patients had reached university level. The majority were unemployed (67%). The notion of mourning was found in 214 patients (30.2%). The birth of one or more children marked the lives of 184 patients (26%). Divorce was noted in 103 patients (14.5%). Marital conflicts were experienced by 94 patients (13.3%). Twenty percent of the patients had used psychoactive substances. Conclusion: The epidemiological profile of a woman with a mental disorder in Dakar is that of a single woman in her forties who had attended university and was a housewife. She does not use psychoactive substances and has experience

关键词： Epidemiological Profile Dakar Mental Disorder Woman

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Clinical Profile of Women with Mental Disorders in Dakar Hospitals

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第S1期13卷 392-409页

Introduction: In Senegal, knowledge of the clinical profile of mental disorders in women has not been the subject of many studies, even though it is of vital importance to those involved in mental health. Thus, the aim of our study was to describe the clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders in women hospitalized at Fann. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive study over a five-year period. We identified 402 cases that met the selection criteria. The data collection form provided information on aspects of the clinical profile of mental disorders, such as medical, surgical, gynecological, obstetrical and psychiatric history, instigator of the request for care, diagnosis, duration and number of hospitalizations. ICD-10 was used for the various pathologies identified. Results: Asthma was noted in 7% of patients, as was hypertension. Gynecological surgery was found in 43 patients (11%). Eight patients were menopausal (2%). The mean number of gestations was 2.09, with a standard deviation of 2.257 and extremes between 0 and 10 gestations. Patients with a history of abortion numbered 58 (14%). The decision to hospitalize the patients was made by 96% (384 patients) of those around them. Hetero aggression was the most recurrent reason for hospitalization (19%). Pathology group F20-29 (schizophrenia, schizotypal disorder, and delusional disorders) was the majority group. Conclusion: The clinical profile of the mentally ill woman in Dakar is a woman in her mid-forties who most often presents with a personal psychiatric history, and her hospitalization is prompted by hetero-aggression and/or logorrhea. She usually suffers from schizophrenia and related disorders. Hospitalization usually lasts between 11 and 20 days.

关键词： Dakar Clinical Profile Mental Disorders Woman

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Postpartum Depression: A Study Conducted in Health Centres in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 45-66页

作者： Sokhna Seck Momar Camara Racky Wade Kane Djeynaba Bassine Baldé El Hadj Makhtar Bâ Adama Koundoul Idrissa Bâ Ibrahima Ndiaye papa lamine faye Aida Sylla Service de psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Postpartum depression is the most common psychiatric disorder affecting women in the perinatal period. According to the WHO, it affects 10% - 15% of women who have just given birth. In Africa, and particularly in Senegal, epidemiological studies focusing exclusively on postpartum depression are rare or non-existent. For this reason, we conducted this screening study on postpartum depression to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors. Methods: This was a prospective cross- sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. It was carried out in the twelve Dakar referral health centres during the period August 2021 to June 2022. Results: At the end of our survey we had recruited one hundred and twenty-two (122) participants with a PPD prevalence rate of 25.41%. The most common age group was 24 - 29 years. 40% of the participants were of Fulani ethnicity, followed by Wolof. Married women made up 93% of the sample. The school enrolment rate was 89%. Most participants were not in paid employment. Domestic violence was present in 14% of couples. 28% of mothers reported experiencing a stressful life event during their pregnancy. 22% of the women had a chronic medical condition, of which 55% had high blood pressure. 1% of the women reported a personal psychiatric history and 5% a family psychiatric history. Most women had between two and four healthy living children. The pregnancy was unwanted in 17% of cases and 12% of participants had a complication. 6% were dissatisfied with the quality of their antenatal care. The caesarean section rate was 18%. In terms of associated factors, eight factors were identified in a bivariate analysis: single marital status, lack of support from partner, domestic violence, conflict with in-laws, and the occurrence of a stressful life event during pregnancy, the presence of a personal medical history, lack of satisfaction with pregnancy follow-up, and mode of delivery by caesarean section. Conclusi

关键词： Postpartum Depression Prevalence Associated Factors Senegal

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Quantitative Study on Individual Representations in Senegalese Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 23-36页

作者： Racky Wade-Kane Momar Camara El Hadji Makhtar Ba Idrissa Ba Sokhna Seck Abou Sy Ibrahima Ndiaye Oumar Mamadou Samba Ndéye Dialé Ndiaye Ndongo papa lamine faye Aida Sylla Mamadou Habib Thiam Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal Center for the Integrated Support of Addictions in Dakar (CEPIAD) National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Context: HIV infection is an infectious, viral, chronic disease described as a public health problem. It has an impact on bio-psycho-social well-being. Thus, the objective of our study is to decrypt the representations of HIV infection in our patients. Methodology: 31 consecutively recruited HIV-infected patients participated in our study. The completed questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, association membership, psycho-social aspects of HIV infection, mode of transmission and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Secondly, we proceeded to an assessment of the psychological state of the patient. Results: Almost 77% of HIV patients do not date peers in an association. At the time of the study, more than half of patients or 19/31 with HIV had a positive image of the disease. Before the diagnosis of the disease, more than 2/3 of patients with HIV, i.e. 25/31, have a negative image of the disease. The 31 PLHIV have been aware of their positive HIV status for an average of 11 years with extremes of 2 years and 21 years. Almost 21/31 of PLHIV have shared their positive serological status. The main barrier in patient communication was the risk of disclosure of HIV status. Most of the patients (45.2%) thought of death when they announced their positive HIV status, and 19.4% thought of their children. In 80.6% of cases, relationships with family, friends and neighbors were normal and remained unchanged for 74% of patients. The patients thought they had been infected through sexual intercourse in 84% of cases. Our study showed that 6 of the 31 PLHIV experienced stigma. Among these 6 patients, 3 had psychological repercussions and a voluntary interruption of treatment. Conclusion: The representations are dynamic. In Senegal, the eradication of discrimination among people living with HIV must imperatively involve a reconstruction of individual, collective and social representation

关键词： HIV Representations Stigma Senegal

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Influence of anthropic and eco-hydrological factors on the floristic diversity of the herbaceous vegetation around the temporary ponds in Ferlo,northern Senegal

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第1期15卷 26-38页

作者： Ndiabou faye Aly Diallo Moustapha BassimbéSagna Jean Luc Peiry papa Saliou Sarr Aliou Guisse Département de Biologie Végétale UniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal IRL3189 Environment SantéSociétésCentre National de la Recherche Scientifiques(CNRS)ParisFrance IRL3189 Environnement SantéSociétésUniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal Observatoire international Hommes Milieux-OHMi Tessekere UniversitéCheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal Observatoire international Hommes Milieux-OHMi Tessekere Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)ParisFrance Departement d’Agroforesterie UniversitéAssane Seck de ZiguinchorZinguinchorSenegal Département de Géographie Universitéde Clermont FerrandClermont-FerrandFrance Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS) TsukubaIbarakiJapan

Temporary ponds play substantial roles in preserving biodiversity in the *** study investigated the influence of anthropic and eco-hydrological factors on the plant diversity around two grazed ponds and one ungrazed pond in Ferlo,northern *** phytoecological transects were established per *** each transect,homogenous herbaceous vegetation units were identified and characterized(herbaceous cover,exposure,soil texture,soil moisture and pH,average height and slope).The herbaceous flora comprised 55 species,41 genera and 22 families across the three *** of the Poaceae,particularly Eragrostis tremula and Enteropogon prieurii,mostly colonized the grazed ponds,while the ungrazed pond favored other families’species such as Achyranthes sp.,Commelina forsskaolii,Corchorus *** Shannon’s diversity index(H′)of Wendu Marodi(ungrazed pond)was slightly higher(4.9 bits)than that of Belel Lougal and Belel Sow(grazed ponds)with 4.8 and 4.5 bits,*** equitability indices were relatively high in the three ponds(0.85,0.83 and 0.78).Eco-ecological factors distinguished four species’groupings:a Tribulus terrestris grouping colonizing the constraining and over-grazed zones,a Digitaria horizontalis grouping,and Chloris barbata grouping found in the transition zones,and an Achyranthes aspera grouping in the wetlands,where woody plants were strongly present and the anthropic action *** study highlighted the importance of maintaining a landscape mosaic of ungrazed or semi-protected ponds and grazed ponds to preserve the herbaceous floristic diversity in the center of Ferlo(Senegal)and the Sahel in general.

关键词： ponds Ferlo grazing herbaceous vegetation transect

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Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Congenital Heart Disease with Left-to-Right Shunt: According to a Retrospective Study at Albert Royer’s National Children’s Hospital Center

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期13卷 649-656页

作者： Aliou Mar Coundoul Khadim Bop Abdou Aziz faye Amadou lamine Fall Idrissa Demba Ba papa Mactar faye Department of Cardiology Albert Royer’s National Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Ward Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Pulmonary arterial hypertension PAH is a progressive disease characterized by an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. It often complicates congenital heart disease with a left-to-right shunt. The objective of this study is to evaluate the evolutionary profile of the pulmonary pressures of children with congenital heart disease with left-to-right shunt and to identify the factors favoring an evolution towards PAH. This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of four years and six months (from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2020) at the Center National d’Enfant Albert Royer in Dakar on a series of 87 cases. The hospital frequency was 3.98 per thousand, and the incidence of PAH was 9.44%. The sex ratio of 0.74. The average age was 44.76 months. The average time between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of heart disease is 78.81 days. Dyspnea was found in 70.11% of cases, the burst of pulmonary B2 was found in 55%. Global heart failure was noted in 39.08% of cases. Cardiomegaly was found in 89.66% and pulmonary hypervascularization was found in 57.72% of cases. CIV was present in 54.02% of cases, followed by PCA in 21.14% and CAVc in 18.39% of cases. furosemide was used in 97.70% of cases and Captopril in 74.71% of cases. Sildenafil was used in 10.34% of patients, and 12.64% of patients benefited from surgical management. Eisenmenger syndrome was found in 12.64% of patients. PAH in these heart diseases is a formidable and frequent complication, due to an increase in precapillary flow. The major improvement in mortality and morbidity is early surgical management, in the first months of life, to prevent pulmonary vascular disease.

关键词： PAH Left-to-Right Shunt Einsenmenger Syndrome

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Cardiac Echography in Pediatrics at the Regional Hospital of Diourbel: Indication and Result

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第9期13卷 556-564页

作者： Aliou Mar Coundoul Abdou Aziz faye Khadim Bop Amadou lamine Fall papa Moctar faye Ndeye Fatou Boye Ndeye Tenning faye Ousmane Ndiaye Pediatric Service Cheikh Ahmadoul Khadim National Hospital Center of Touba Diourbel Diourbel Senegal Albert Royer National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Henrich Lû ckbe Center Diourbel Senegal

Childhood heart disease is a real public health problem. In our contexts, care remains a major challenge. Doppler echocardiography remains the essential examination for diagnosis. The objective of our study was to describe the different clinical indications for cardiac ultrasound in children and the main pediatric heart diseases at the Diourbel Heinrich Lübke Regional Hospital. This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study spanning from 2020 to 2022;covering a series of 140 cases. The study was carried out using patient clinical observation sheets and consultation sheets. We identified 140 ultrasounds. The average age of patients was 35.96 months with extremes of 0.03 months and 192 months. The female sex was predominant, with an M/F sex ratio of 0.72. Ultrasound was systematically requested in 67.14% of the study population. The indications found were mainly: heart murmur, polymalformative syndrome, respiratory failure, bronchiolitis, cardiomegaly, suspicion of heart disease, cardiomegaly, pre-therapeutic and pre-operative assessment. A total of 71 cardiac abnormalities were found in 65 patients, i.e. a prevalence of 46.42%. Congenital heart disease was more frequent (found in 49 patients, a prevalence of 35%) and was dominated by the CIA. There was a female predominance in almost all heart diseases except in the case of endocarditis where codominance is found. Our study has made it possible, through echocardiography, to evaluate the indications for echocardiography in children, to determine the prevalence of heart disease in children and also to assess the relevance of requests for echocardiography.

关键词： Echocardiography Pediatrics Indications Diourbel

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Impact of COVID19 on Routine Immunization: A Cross-Sectional Study in Senegal

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World Journal of Vaccines 2021年第1期11卷 1-6页

作者： Amadou Sow Modou Gueye Djibril Boiro Idrissa Demba Ba Abou Ba Aliou Thiongane papa Moctar faye Amadou lamine Fall Ousmane Ndiaye Chair of Pediatrics Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Fann Senegal

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic has prompted the world to implement drastic prevention methods based on limiting population movements that have an impact on public health policies such as vaccination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of these prevention measures on routine vaccination in hospitals since the advent of the pandemic in Senegal. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in August 2020 in the vaccination unit of the Abass NDAO hospital centre. We compared data from the vaccination unit during the period from March to August of the last three years (2018, 2019 and 2020). The parameter studied was the number of vaccine doses administered for the different periods according to the expanded programme of immunization. Results: For the vaccines administered in the sixth week in April, the number of doses was 36 in 2018, 29 in 2019 and 15 in 2020, i.e. a 50% drop compared to March. In July the number of doses administered was 40 in 2018, 35 in 2019 and 15 in 2020, a reduction of 42% compared to 2019. Conclusion: Measures to fight this pandemic should not make us forget routine vaccination, especially in our resource-constrained countries. It is essential to continue vaccination for children and to identify children who have missed vaccine doses for catch-up.

关键词： COVID19 Vaccination Impact Children Senegal

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Ischemic Stroke Complicating Neuromeningeal and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: About a Case in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 92-96页

作者： papa Souleye Sow Khadim Bop Khalifa Ababacar Mbaye Guillaye Diagne Pape Malick Dibor Diouf Idrissa Demba Ba papa Moctar faye Amadou lamine Fall Ousmane Ndiaye National Hospital Center of Children Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal National Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Sénégal

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Neuro-meningeal involvement is rare but represents one of the most severe forms with high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of an ischemic stroke complicating neuromeningeal and pulmonary tuberculosis in a four-month-old infant at the National Hospital Center of children Albert Royer (Senegal). The case was a four-month-old, male infant with no history. His vaccination was up to date according to Senegal’s expanded vaccination program. There was no notion of tuberculosis contagion. He was seen for a prolonged fever for more than a month and chronic cough. He had moderate malnutrition. Neurological examination revealed coma, meningeal syndrome, generalized tonic convulsions and hypertonia. The pupils were in bilateral miosis. Osteotendinous reflexes were abolished with a bilateral Babinski sign. He also had severe respiratory distress, bilateral pulmonary condensation syndrome. Brain computed tomography was in favor of an ischemic stroke. The test GeneXpert MTB/RIF was positive on cerebrospinal fluid and gastric tubing fluid. The curative treatment was based on a quadruple therapy based on rifampicin, isoniazid, pirazinamide and ethambutol. The evolution was unfavorable with the death of the patient.

关键词： Tuberculosis Meningitis Child Senegal

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