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Final results of the first phase of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment: obtainment of the full current stable screw pinch and first evidences of the jet + torus combined plasma configuration

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第2期26卷 31-43页

作者： paolo MICOZZI Franco ALLADIO Alessandro MANCUSO Vincenzo ZANZA Gerarda APRUZZESE Francesca BOMBARDA Luca BONCAGNI paolo BURATTI Francesco FILIPPI Giuseppe GALATOLA TEKA Francesco GIAMMANCO Edmondo GIOVANNOZZI Andrea GROSSO Matteo IAFRATI Alessandro LAMPASI Violeta LAZIC Simone MAGAGNINO Simone MANNORI paolo MARSILI Valerio PIERGOTTI Giuliano ROCCHI Alessandro SIBIO Benedetto TILIA Onofrio TUDISCO FSN Dipartimento Fusione e tecnologie per la Sicurezza Nucleare ENEA Agenzia Nazionale per Le Nuove Tecnologie Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico SostenibileFrascati(Rome)00044Italy IAPS Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali INAF Istituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaRome O133Italy Physics Department University of Pisa Faculty of Natural Sciences Mathematics and PhysicsPisa 56127 Italy

In astrophysics, the boundary conditions for plasma phenomena are provided by nature and the astronomer faces the problem of understanding them from a variety of observations [Hester J J et al 1996 Astrophys. J. 456 225], on the other hand, in laboratory plasma experiments the electromagnetic boundary conditions become a major problem in the set-up of the machine that produces the plasma, an issue that has to be investigated step by step and to be modified and adapted with great patience, in particular in the case of an innovative plasma confinement experiment. The PROTO-SPHERA machine [Alladio F et al 2006 Nucl. Fusion 46 S613] is a magnetic confinement experiment, that emulates in the laboratory the jet + torus plasma configurations often observed in astrophysics: an inner magnetized jet of plasma centered on the(approximate) axis of symmetry and surrounded by a magnetized plasma torus orthogonal to this jet. The PROTO-SPHERA plasma is simply connected, i.e., no metal current conducting rod is linked to the plasma torus, while instead it is the inner magnetized plasma jet(in the following always called the plasma centerpost) that is linked to the torus. It is mandatory that no spurious plasma current path modifies the optimal shape of the plasma centerpost. Moreover, as the plasma torus is produced and sustained, in absence of any applied inductive electric field, by the inner plasma centerpost through magnetic reconnections [Taylor J B and Turner M F 1989 *** 29 219], it is required as well that spurious current paths do not surround the torus on its outboard, in order not to lower the efficiency of the magnetic reconnections that maintain the plasma torus at the expense of the plasma centerpost. Boundary conditions have been corrected,up to the point that the first sustainment in steady state has been achieved for the combined plasma.

关键词： laboratory plasmas magnetic confinement astrophysical plasmas

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Investigation of WZ Sge-type Dwarf Nova ASASSN-19oc:Optical Spectroscopy and Multicolor Light Curve Analysis

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 20-31页

作者： Viktoriia Krushevska Sergey Shugarov paolo Ochner Yuliana Kuznyetsova Mykola Petrov Peter Kroll Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Tatranska Lomnica05960 VysokéTatrySlovakia Main Astronomical Observatory of NAS of Ukraine 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St.03143 KyivUkraine INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5I-35122 PadovaItaly Department of Physics and Astronomy University of PadovaVia F.Marzolo 8I-35131 PadovaItaly Max Planck Computing and Data Facility(MPCDF) Gießenbachstrasse 2D-85748 GarchingGermany Sonneberg Observatory Sternwartestr.32D-96515 SonnebergGermany

In this study,we present an investigation of the newly discovered dwarf nova ASASSN-19oc during its superoutburst on 2019 June *** carried out detailed UBVRcIc-photometric observations and also obtained a spectrum on day 7 of the outburst,which shows the presence of hydrogen absorption lines commonly found in dwarf nova *** of photometric data reveals the occurrence of early superhumps in the initial days of observations,followed by ordinary and late *** have accurately calculated the period of the ordinary superhumps as Pord=0.05681(10)days and determined the periods at different stages,as well as the rate of change of the superhump period(P_(dot)=(5)P/P=8.1×10^(-5)).Additionally,we have derived the mass ratio of the components(q=0.09),and estimated the color temperature during the outburst as~11,000 K,the distance to the system(d=560 pc)and absolute magnitude of the system in outburst(MV=5.3).We have shown that outbursts of this star are very rare:based on brightness measurements on 600 archival photographic plates,we found only one outburst that occurred in *** fact,as well as the properties listed above,convincingly shows that the variable ASASSN-19oc is a dwarf nova of WZ Sge type.

关键词： (stars)binaries(including multiple) close-(stars)novae-cataclysmic variables-stars dwarf novae

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Single-cell pan-omics, environmental neurology, and artificial intelligence:the time for holistic brain health research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1703-1704页

作者： paolo Abondio Francesco Bruno IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna BolognaItaly Association for Neurogenetic Research(ARN) Lamezia TermeCatanzaroItaly

The brain,with its trillions of neural connections,different cellular types,and molecular complexities,presents a formidable challenge for researchers aiming to comprehend the multifaceted nature of neural *** traditional methods have provided valuable insights,emerging technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to delve deeper into the underpinnings of brain *** the everevolving landscape of neuroscience,the quest to unravel the mysteries of the human brain is bound to take a leap forward thanks to new technological improvements and bold interpretative frameworks.

关键词： function artificial landscape

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Towards a new frontier in wrist rehabilitation:The traction-free posture orthosis

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第3期23卷 136-138页

作者： paolo Boccolari Roberto Tedeschi Danilo Donati Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena PoliclinicoItaly Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit Policlinico di ModenaModenaItaly Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly

This study presents the novel Traction-Free Posture Orthosis,designed to address wrist stiffness without the use of traditional traction *** orthosis employs a velcro system to stabilize the position of the wrist in flexion or extension,thereby avoiding the compression and rotational disadvantages associated with non-perpendicular traction ***-shaped cuts in the brace allow for plastic material flexibility,ensuring movement and *** is the absence of a traction strap,which traditionally reduces the support surface and could create pressure points leading to patient discomfort or treatment *** design facilitates a wide contact surface with the hand,optimal load distribution,and the capacity to adjust dual traction straps independently,adapting to the natural wrist *** single-piece base orthosis offers a stable,cost-effective,and patientfriendly alternative to conventional ***,patients with stiffness in both flexion and extension may require two separate orthoses,potentially increasing costs and patient ***,the Traction-Free Posture Orthosis represents an innovative step in wrist rehabilitation,providing a quick-to-construct,easy-to-wear solution with the promise of enhanced patient compliance and comfort.

关键词： Wrist rehabilitation Orthotic devices Hand therapy Occupational therapy

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Radical cholecystectomy without liver resection for peritoneal side early incidental gallbladder cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第32期30卷 3739-3742页

作者： Gaetano Piccolo Matteo Barabino Guglielmo NiccolòPiozzi paolo Pietro Bianchi Department of Health Sciences(DISS) University of MilanSan Paolo HospitalMilan 20142LombardyItaly Department of Colorectal Surgery Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS TrustPortsmouthUnited Kingdom

Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare disease with a poor *** cholecystectomy may be an adequate treatment only for very early disease(Tis,T1a),whereas reoperation is recommended for more advanced disease(T1b and T2).Radical cholecystectomy should have two fundamental objectives:To radically resect the liver parenchyma and to achieve adequate clearance of the lymph ***,recent studies have shown that compared with lymph node dissection alone,liver resection does not improve survival *** oncological roles of lymphadenectomy and liver resection is ***,for patients with incidental GBC without liver invasion,hepatic resection is not always mandatory.

关键词： Incidental gallbladder cancer Reoperation Radical cholecystectomy Early stage Liver resection

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Hybrid robust fault detection and isolation of satellite reaction wheel actuators

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Journal of Control and Decision 2024年第1期11卷 117-131页

作者： H.Abbasi Nozari S.J.Sadati Rostami paolo Castaldi Silvio Simani Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Babol Noshirvani University of TechnologyBabolIran Department of Electrical Electronic and Information EngineeringUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly Department of Engineering University of FerraraFerraraItaly

In this paper,a combined robust fault detection and isolation scheme is studied for satellite system subject to actuator faults,external disturbances,and parametric *** proposed methodology incorporates a residual generation module,including a bank of filters,into an intelligent residual evaluation ***,residual filters are designed based on an improved nonlinear differential algebraic approach so that they are not affected by external *** residual evaluation module is developed based on the suggested series and parallel ***,a new ensemble classification scheme defined as blended learning integrates heterogeneous classifiers to enhance the performance.A wide range of simulations is carried out in a high-fidelity satellite simulator subject to the constant and time-varying actuator faults in the presence of disturbances,manoeuvres,uncertainties,and *** obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust fault detection and isolation method compared to the traditional nonlinear differential algebraic approach.

关键词： Robust fault detection and isolation reaction wheels blended learning series and parallel fault detection and isolation forms satellite attitude control system

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Aspirin interruption before neurosurgical interventions:A controversial problem

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第4期16卷 191-198页

作者： Alexander Kulikov Anton Konovalov Pier paolo Pugnaloni Federico Bilotta Department of Anesthesiology Burdenko National Medical Research Center of NeurosurgeryMoscow 125047Russia Department of Vascular Neurosurgery Burdenko National Medical Research Center of NeurosurgeryMoscow 125047Russia Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineUniversity of Rome“Sapienza”Rome 00161Italy

Aspirin is widely used for primary or secondary prevention of ischemic *** the same time,chronic aspirin consumption can affect blood clot formation during surgical intervention and increase intraoperative blood *** is especially important for high-risk surgery,including *** European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend aspirin interruption for at least 7 d before neurosurgical intervention,but this suggestion is not supported by clinical *** narrative review presents evidence that challenges the necessity for aspirin interruption in neurosurgical patients,describes options for aspirin effect monitoring and the clinical implication of these methods,and summarizes current clinical data on bleeding risk associated with chronic aspirin therapy in neurosurgical patients,including brain tumor surgery,cerebrovascular procedures,and spinal surgery.

关键词： Aspirin Neurosurgery Postoperative complications Bleeding risk Brain tumor surgery Cerebrovascular surgery Spinal surgery

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Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGASSI Antonietta GRECO Martina DI FRANCESCO Luca CESERACCIU Aiman ABU AMMAR Israel DVIR Thomas Lee MOORE Haytam KASEM paolo DECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increasingly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction modifiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent Young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,using a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate

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Methane cracking in molten tin for hydrogen and carbon production—a comparison with homogeneous gas phase process

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 155-166页

作者： Emmanuel Busillo Benedetta de Caprariis Maria Paola Bracciale Vittoria Cosentino Martina Damizia Gaetano Iaquaniello Emma Palo paolo De Filippis Chemical Engineering Department Sapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy NextChem S.p.A. Rome 00156Italy

Methane cracking is considered a bridge technology between gray and green hydrogen production *** this work an experimental study of methane cracking in molten tin is *** tests were conducted in a quartz reactor(i.d.=1.5 cm,L=20 cm)with capillary injection,varying temperature(950–1070℃),inlet methane flow rate(30–60 mL·min^(-1))and tin height(0–20 cm).The influence of the residence time in the tin and in the headspace on methane conversion and on carbon morphology was *** conversions obtained in tin and in the empty reactor were measured and compared with results of detailed kinetic simulations(CRECK).Furthermore,an expression of a global kinetic constant for methane conversion in tin was also *** highest conversion(65%at Q_(0)=30 mL·min^(-1) and t=1070℃)is obtained for homogeneous gas phase reaction due to the long residence time(70 s),the presence of tin leads to a sharp decrease of residence time(1 s),obtaining a conversion of 35%at 1070℃,thus meaning that tin owns a role in the *** characterization(scanning electron microscopy,Raman)reported a change in carbon toward sheet-like structures and an increase of the carbon structural order in the presence of molten tin media.

关键词： methane cracking molten media H2 production carbon morphology

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Fabrication of dense SiBCN monolith at a lower temperature and its high-temperature performance

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第8期13卷 1198-1211页

作者： Zi-Bo Niu Daxin Li Dechang Jia Zhihua Yang Kunpeng Lin Yan Wang paolo Colombo Ralf Riedel Yu Zhou Institute for Advanced Ceramics School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyHarbin 150080China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Department of Industrial Engineering University of PadovaPadova 3513iItaly Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park 16802USA Institute of Materials Science Darmstadt University of TechnologyDarmstadt 64287Germany School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China

In this study,a crack-free pyrolysis process of partially cured precursor powder compacts was developed to prepare dense silicon boron carbonitride(SiBCN)monoliths at much lower temperatures(1300℃),thereby circumventing the challenges of sintering densification(>1800℃).Unlike the elastic fracture in over-cured precursors or the viscoelastic deformation in under-cured precursors,the partially cured precursor,exhibiting elastic-plastic deformation behavior,facilitates limited nanoscale pore formation in a dense structure,achieving a balance between crack-free pyrolysis and *** to SiBCN derived from the over-cured precursor(σ=~159 MPa,K_(IC)=1.9 MPa:m^(1/2),Vickers hardness(HV)=7.8 GPa,and E=122 GPa),the resulting SiBCN monolith exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties(σ=~304 MPa,K_(IC)=3.7 MPa-m12,HV=10.6 GPa,and E=161 GPa)and oxidation *** addition,this study investigated the high-temperature performance of SiBCN monoliths,including crystallization and oxidation,and determined the oxidation kinetics induced by pore structure healing and the different oxidation mechanisms of Si-C-N and B-C-N clusters in the amorphous *** to its unique composition and structure,the SiBCN ceramic oxide layer exhibits exceptional self-healing effects on repairing the nanoporous system in the initial stage and shows outstanding high-temperature stability during prolonged oxidation,mitigating adverse effects from bubble formation and *** to the nanoporous structure,the oxidation rate is initially controlled by gas diffusion following a linear law before transitioning to oxide layer diffusion characterized by a parabolic ***,due to different valence bond configurations,Si-C-N transforms into an amorphous SiCNO structure after phase separation,unlike the nucleation and growth of residual B-N-C.

关键词： silicon boron carbonitride(SiBCN)ceramics crack-free pyrolysis amorphous structure oxidation mechanisms kinetic law

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