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Spectral and fragility evaluations of retrofitted structures through strength reduction and enhanced damping

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第1期8卷 115-125页

作者： Gian paolo Cimellaro Hwasung Roh Alessandro De Stefano Department of Structural & Geotechnical Engineering (DISTR) Polytechnic of Turin Turin Italy Department of Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo USA

A retrofit procedure for existing buildings called the ＂weakening and damping technique＂（WED） is presented in this paper. Weakening of structures can limit the maximum response accelerations during severe ground motions, but leads to an increase in the displacements or inter-story drifts. Added damping by using viscous dampers, on the other hand, reduces the inter-story drifts and has no significant effect on total accelerations, when structures behave inelastically. The weakening and damping technique addresses the two main causes for both structural and nonstructural damage in structures. The weakening retrofit is particularly suitable for structures that have overstressed components and weak brittle components. In this paper, the advantages of the WeD are verified by nonlinear dynamic analysis and simplified spectral approach that has been modified to fit structures with additional damping devices. A hospital structure located in the San Fernando Valley in California is selected as a case study. The results from both analyses show that the retrofit solution is feasible to reduce both structural acceleration and displacement. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the retrofitting method using different combinations of performance thresholds in accelerations and displacements through fragility analysis.

关键词： weakening damping retrofit inelastic spectral response fragility analysis nonlinear dynamic analysis

A semi-empirical model for top-down cracking depth evolution in thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction courses

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第2期9卷 244-260页

作者： Francesco Canestrari Lorenzo paolo Ingrassia Amedeo Virgili Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Architettura(DICEA)UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy

Thick asphalt pavements with open-graded friction course(OGFC) are exposed to topdown cracking(TDC), a distress consisting of longitudinal cracks that initiate on the pavement surface close to the wheel path and propagate downwards. The main objective of this study is to develop a semi-empirical model for the prediction of TDC depth evolution for such pavements. For this purpose, a series of cores were taken from different Italian motorway pavements affected by TDC and analyzed in the laboratory. Cracked cores taken from the wheel path area were analyzed to determine TDC depth, whereas intact cores taken from the middle of the lane(not affected by traffic loadings) were tested to obtain the volumetric and mechanical properties of the OGFC mixture. The proposed model, developed on the basis of the results already available in literature and on the findings of the laboratory investigation, predicts the evolution of TDC depth as a function of the applied traffic loadings(in terms of 12-ton fatigue equivalent single axle loads, i.e., ESALs). The model is sigmoidal with a maximum TDC depth assumed equal to 150 mm. The shape parameter of the sigmoidal function depends on the indirect tensile strength(ITS) of the OGFC mixtures(which takes into account indirectly also the volumetrics and stiffness of the OGFC), whereas the evolutive translation factor depends on the age of the OGFC mixture. After excluding some outliers, the model was able to predict the measured TDC depth very well. Moreover, in-situ observations allowed a preliminary validation of the proposed model. This model can be used in pavement management systems(PMSs) to plan surface repairs due to TDC in a timely manner, thus minimizing pavement damage and maintenance costs.

关键词： Top-down cracking(TDC) Asphalt pavement Open-graded friction course(OGFC) Porous asphalt(PA) Pavement management system(PMS) Modelling

Hepatitis C virus lymphotropism and peculiar immunological phenotype:Effects on natural history and antiviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2305-2308页

作者： paolo Conca Giovanni Tarantino Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Federico University Medical School of Naples

Hepatitis C virus （HCV） has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential lap in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ-and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. HCV infection of lymphoid ceils could set up privileged reservoirs able to interfere with the host viral clearance efficiency and may be implicated in viral recurrence after apparently successful antiviral therapy. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, easily detectable by searching simple laboratory and clinical parameters, mainly represented by vasculitis-like skin features and *** presence or absence of this hypersensitivity pattern seems to correlate with the antiviral response and could be identified as a novel immunological cofactor. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Lymphotropism Naturalhistory Antiviral therapy Immunological co-factor

Aortic valve replacement with sutureless and rapid deployment aortic valve prostheses

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第6期13卷 504-510页

作者： paolo Berretta Marco Di Eusanio Division of Cardiac Surgery 'G. Mazzini' Hospital Teramo ltaly Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valve disease in the western world. Over the past few years the number of aortic valve replacement （AVR） interventions has increased with outcomes that have been improved despite increasing age of patients and increasing bur- den of comorbidities. However, despite such excellent results and its well-established position, conventional AVR has undergone great de- velopment over the previous two decades. Such progress, by way of less irtvasive incisions and use of new technologies, including tran- scatheter aortic valve implantation and sutureless valve prostheses, is intended to reduce the traumatic impact of the surgical procedure, thus fulfilling lower risk patients＇ expectations on the one hand, and extending the operability toward increasingly high-risk patients on the other. Sutureless and rapid deployment aortic valves are biological, pericardial prostheses that anchor within the aortic annulus with no more than three sutures. The sutureless prostheses, by avoiding the passage and the tying of the sutures, significantly reduce operative times and may improve outcomes. However, there is still a paucity of robust, evidence-based data on the role and performance of sutureless AVR. Therefore, strongest long-term data, randomized studies and registry data are required to adequately assess the durability and long-term outcomes of sutureless aortic valve replacement.

关键词： Aortic valve replacement Minimally invasive Rapid deployment prosthesis Sutureless valve

Screening in liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第33期12卷 5272-5280页

作者： paolo Del Poggio Marzio Mazzoleni Hepatology Unit Treviglio Hospital Treviglio (Bergamo) Italy General Practitioner Italian Society of Family Physicians (SIMG) Italy

A disease is suitable for screening if it is common, if the target population can be identifi ed and reached and if both a good screening test and an effective therapy are available. Of the most common liver diseases only viral hepatitis and genetic hemochromatosis partially satisfy these conditions. Hepatitis C is common, the screening test is good and the therapy eliminates the virus in half of the cases, but problems arise in the definition of the target population. In fact generalized population screening is not endorsed by international guidelines, although some recommend screening immigrants from high prevalence countries. Opportunistic screening (case finding) of individuals with classic risk factors, such as transfusion before 1992 and drug addiction, is the most frequently used strategy, but there is disagreement whether prison inmates, individuals with a history of promiscuous or traumatic sex and health care workers should be screened. In a real practice setting the performance of opportunistic screening by general practitioners is low but can be ameliorated by training programs. Screening targeted to segments of the population or mass campaigns are expensive and therefore interventions should be aimed to improve opportunistic screening and the detection skills of general practitioners. Regarding genetic hemochromatosis there is insufficient evidence for population screening, but individual physicians can decide to screen racial groups with a high prevalence of the disease, such as people in early middle age and of northern European origin. In the other cases opportunistic screening of high risk individu-als should be performed, with a high level of suspicion in case of unexplained liver disease, diabetes, juvenile artropathy, sexual dysfunction and skin pigmentation.

关键词： Screening Risk factors Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Genetic hernochromatosis

Is transient elastography a useful tool for screening liver disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第12期15卷 1409-1414页

作者： paolo Del Poggio Silvia Colombo Hepatology Unit Treviglio HospitalTreviglio(Bg)24047Italy

Transient elastography(TE)is a new non invasive tool for measuring liver stiffness,which is correlated to the histologic stage of liver *** studies in chronic liver disease(CLD)have determined a good accuracy of TE in predicting significant fibrosis and an optimal accuracy in predicting *** liver stiffness ranges between 3.3-7.8 KPa and using a cut off of 7.1 KPa,significant fibrosis and cirrhosis can be excluded with a very high negative predictive value(NPV).Positive predictive value(PPV)for the diagnosis of cirrhosis is lower using just a single scan but increases to 90% if high stiffness values are confirmed by a second independent *** the presence of fatty liver and metabolic syndrome slightly increases the readings and may reduce the accuracy of the *** is uncertain if this increase is related to the presence of steatofibrosis or ifit is caused by steatosis *** can be used in screening patients attending the liver clinics to identify those with signifi cant fi brosis or cirrhosis and may be particularly useful in discriminating HBV inactive carriers from chronic hepatitis B ***,however,is not reliable in predicting the presence of esophageal varices in *** potential indication for TE is the systematic screening of populations at high risk for CLD,such as intravenous drug users and alcoholics,but further studies are needed to determine its diagnostic accuracy in these settings.

关键词： Transient elastography Screening Liverdisease Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Non alcoholic steatohepatitis Cirrhosis

Neuroendocrine carcinomas arising in ulcerative colitis:Coincidences or possible correlations?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第33期15卷 4193-4195页

作者： Roberto Grassia paolo Bodini paolo Dizioli Teresa Staiano Elena Iiritano Guglielmo Bianchi Federico Buffoli Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology Unit A.O. "Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona"

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） are at increased risk of colorectal malignancies. Adenocarcinoma is the commonest type of colorectal neoplasm associated with ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease, but other types of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors have also been described in inflamed bowel. With regards to non-epithelial malignancies, lymphomas and sarcomas represent the largest group of tumors reported in association with IBD, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Carcinoids and in particular neuroendocrine neoplasms other than carcinoids （NENs） are rare tumors and are infrequently described in the setting of IBD. Thus, this association requires further investigation. We report two cases of neoplasms arising in mild left-sided UC with immuno- histochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers： a large cell and a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum. The two patients were different in age （35 years vs 77 years） and disease duration （11 years vs 27 years）, and both had never received immunosuppressant drugs. Although the patients underwent regular endoscopic and histological follow-up, the two neoplasms were locally advanced at diagnosis. One of the two patients developed multiple liver metastases and died 15 mo after diagnosis. These findings confirm the aggressiveness and the poor prognosis of NENs compared to colorectal adenocarcinoma. While carcinoids seem to be coincidentally associated with IBD, NENs may also arise in this setting. In fact, long-standing inflammation could be directly responsible for the development of pancellular dysplasia involving epithelial, goblet, Paneth and neuroendocrine cells. It has yet to be established which IBD patients have a higher risk of developing NENs.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Large cell carcinoma Neuroendocrine carcinoma Small cell carcinoma

Past Is Not a Frozen Concept: Considerations about Heritage Conservation in a Fast Changing World

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Built Heritage 2017年第3期1卷 1-12页

作者： paolo Ceccarelli Department of Architecture University of FerraraFerraraItaly

The paper introduces seven essays from China,Europe,India,Japan,South Africa and South America included in issue No.3 of Built *** focuses on the necessity of a critical review of Western principles and methods of heritage conservation and suggests an approach open to different cultural models and *** of history,memory,authenticity are analysed and some new issues originated by massive migrations and urbanisation processes *** conservation is seen as an opportunity for developing post-Western/non-Western theoretical models,methodologies and practices.

关键词： conservation memory authenticity cross-fertilisation collective action de-colonisation post-Western/non-Western

The Literati＇s Polyphonic Answers to Social Changes in Late Imperial China

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Frontiers of History in China 2017年第3期12卷 357-432页

作者： paolo Santangelo Department of Asian and Oriental Studies La Sapienza University of Rome 00185 Rome Italy

The article aims to rethink the pluralistic intellectual currents and social changes of the last centuries in China： How literati reacted to the historical changes, the economic developments, the collapse of the hierarchical order, and the social mobility from the end of the Ming to the middle of the Qing dynasty. Urbanisation, the great silver inflow, the acceleration of trade, and social mobility raised new challenges to the orthodox view of the world and to Neo-Confucian norms. These new attitudes of the Chinese literati--which can be inferred both from literary and philosophical works--uncover new attitudes in the mental structure of the intellectual strata of the time. In the history of ideas we notice a progressive detachment from the orthodox view of the conflictual relationship between principle and desires, especially in the ambit of the Taizhou school. The elaboration of a new anthropological mindset aimed at the rehabilitation of passions and desires culminated with Li Zhi. This trend went on in the Qing period, from Wang Fuzhi to Dai Zhen. In literature, a similar trend, the so-called ＂cult of qing,＂ can be found with the moral justification of emotion-desire （establishing emotion as a genuine and active source of virtue）, and with the vitalistic identification of emotions as the source of life and reproduction. Another indication of change is the challenge of common and accepted truisms through the praise of ＂folly＂ in real life situations and literary works： To be ＂crazy＂ and ＂foolish＂ became a sign of distinction among certain intellectual circles, in contrast with the pedant orthodox scholars and officials and the vulgar nouveaux ziches. The unconventional character of the anti-hero Baoyu is emblematic, with his aversion for any kind of official ceremony and convention, his abnormal sensibility and impractical and naive mentality, and his consciousness of being different from others. The crisis of the established ladder of values can be seen in the e

关键词： literati modemisation desires and principles Li Zhi cult of qing,foolishness Yuan Mei retribution human responsibility