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Inflammatory pathways in the early steps of colorectal cancer development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9716-9731页

作者： Francesco Mariani paola Sena Luca Roncucci Department of Diagnostic Clinical and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesSection of Human MorphologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many *** carcinogenesis is a stepwise process which,from normal mucosa leads to *** factors have been shown to influence this process,however,at present,several points remain *** recent years some hypotheses have been considered on the mechanisms involved in cancer development,expecially in its early *** injury resulting from infectious,mechanical,or chemical agents may elicit a chronic immune response resulting in cellular proliferation and *** inflammation of the large bowel(as in inflammatory bowel diseases),has been associated with the subsequent development of colorectal *** this review we examine the inflammatory pathways involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis,with particular emphasis on ***,we describe cells and proteins recently suggested as central in the mechanism leading to tumor *** and neutrophils are among the cells mostly involved in these processes and proteins,as cyclooxygenases and resolvins,are crucial in these inflammatory ***,the activation of these pathways establishes an oxidative and anaerobic microenvironment with DNA damage to epithelial cells,and shifting from an aerobic to an anaerobic *** cellular mechanisms,such as proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy are altered causing failure to control normal mucosa repair and renewal.

关键词： Myeloperoxidase Colorectal carcinogenesis Inflammation Aberrant crypt foci Autophagy Hypoxia Apoptosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Role of environmental and genetic factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12945-12955页

作者： paola Dongiovanni Stefano Romeo Luca Valenti Internal Medicine 1B Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico 20122 Milano Italy Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano 20122 Milano Italy Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden Clinical Nutrition Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Graecia 88100 Catan-zaro Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer related mortality, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and exposure to hepatotoxins are major risk factors, but nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, is an increasingly recognized trigger, especially in developed countries. Older age, severity of insulin resistance and diabetes, and iron overload have been reported to predispose to HCC in this context. Remarkably, HCCs have been reported in non-cirrhotic livers in a higher proportion of cases in NAFLD patients than in other etiologies. Inherited factors have also been implicated to explain the different individual susceptibility to develop HCC, and their role seems magnified in fatty liver, where only a minority of affected subjects progresses to cancer. In particular, the common I148 M variant of the PNPLA3 gene influencing hepatic lipid metabolism influences HCC risk independently of its effect on the progression of liver fibrosis. Recently, rare loss-of-function mutations in Apolipoprotein B resulting in very low density lipoproteins hepatic retention and in Telomerase reverse transcriptase influencing cellular senescence have also been linked to HCC in NAFLD. Indeed, hepatic stellate cells senescence has been suggested to bridge tissue aging with alterations of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related HCC. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms mediating hepatic carcinogenesis during insulin resistance, and the identification of its genetic determinants will hopefully provide new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Fibrogenesis Liver disease Genetics Single nucleotide polymorphism Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3

Bedrock geology interacts with altitude in affecting leaf growth and foliar nutrient status of mountain vascular plants

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 839-850页

作者： Renato Gerdol Roberta Marchesini paola Iacumin Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of FerraraCorso Ercole I d’Este 32I-44121 FerraraItaly Department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of ParmaViale delle Scienze 158/AI-43124 ParmaItaly

Aims Altitude is often used as a proxy for ascertaining how warming affects plant growth and leaf level ***,we have a poor understanding of how the effects of altitude-related warming varies across ***,this study examined the independ-ent and interactive effects of altitude and geology and species on plant growth and foliar nutrient *** We determined leaf growth rates and concentrations of major nutrients(nitrogen,N and phosphorus,P)in leaves of five spe-cies across two altitudinal gradients(1200-2200 m)in the Dolomites(south-eastern Alps,Italy).the two transects were located on carbonate bedrock and silicate bedrock,*** also determined concentrations of inorganic and organic N and P forms in soils,andδ15N signature in leaves and *** Findings Foliar N concentrations were unrelated to bedrock *** negative foliarδ^(15)N signature suggested that organic N was the primary source of N supply across the *** P concentrations were strongly affected by bedrock geology and their altitudinal patterns depended on the concentrations of organic and inorganic P forms in the *** and organic P appeared to be the main sources of P *** growth rates increased with higher altitude on silicate bedrock and decreased with higher altitude on carbonate bedrock and presented a significant positive correlation with foliar N:*** conclusion,bedrock geology inter-acted with altitude in controlling the foliar nutrient status mainly owing to availability of soil P and its effect on foliar nutrient stoichiometry.

关键词： altitude mycorrhiza plant functional type soil chemistry ^(15)N

An Adaptive hp-DG-FE Method for Elliptic Problems: Convergence and Optimality in the 1D Case

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2019年第3期1卷 309-331页

作者： paola Antonietti Claudio Canuto Marco Verani MOX-Dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di MilanoP.zza Leonardo Da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly

We propose and analyze an hp-adaptive DG-FEM algorithm, termed hp-ADFEM, and its one-dimensional realization, which is convergent, instance optimal, and h- and p-robust. The procedure consists of iterating two routines:one hinges on Binev's algorithm for the adaptive hp-approximation of a given function, and finds a near-best hp-approximation of the current discrete solution and data to a desired accuracy;the other one improves the discrete solution to a finer but comparable accuracy, by iteratively applying D?rfler marking and h refinement.

关键词： Elliptic problem Discontinuous Galerkin method hp-adaptivity Convergence and optimality

When Heritage Is Rural: Environmental Conservation, Cultural Interpretation and Rural Renaissance in Chinese Listed Villages

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Built Heritage 2019年第2期3卷 64-80页

作者： Anna-paola Pola World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspice of UNESCO(WHITRAP) ShanghaiChina

This article argues that China’s growing attention towards villages in recent years has contributed to transforming the concept of built heritage and helped in disseminating a holistic idea of territory that has prepared the ground for the environmental turn the country is now *** conceptual transformation was carried on by a number of converging-although independent-initiatives from different governmental institutions and has been driven by different factors,most importantly,the need to mend the development gap between urban and rural areas,and the wish to rediscover the cultural heritage of the *** Chinese experience in village preservation was conceived as an important component of a much wider corpus of measures,driven by the rural revitalisation discourse,and should therefore be situated within this broader conceptual *** perspective leads to a distinctive approach to the concept of heritage and outlines a type of protection‘with Chinese characteristics’that will increasingly influence the international *** on three years of field observations and desk analysis,the article highlights some of the characters that define the Chinese experience in village preservation,analysing the most important national lists of villages and examining various cases.

关键词： rural development rural heritage beautiful villages historic cultural villages traditional villages eco-villages rural tourism rural revitalisation

The inflammasomes in health and disease:from genetics to molecular mechanisms of autoinflammation and beyond

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 135-145页

作者： Cristina Conforti-Andreoni paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli Alessandra Mortellaro Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)ImmunosSingapore

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-containing protein-like receptors(NLRs)are a recently discovered class of innate immune receptors that play a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory response following pathogen *** NLRs form the framework for cytosolic platforms called inflammasomes,which orchestrate the early inflammatory process via IL-1b *** and polymorphisms in NLR-coding genes or in genetic loci encoding inflammasome-related proteins correlate with a variety of autoinflammatory ***,the activity of certain inflammasomes is associated with susceptibility to infections as well as autoimmunity and *** this review,we will discuss how identifying the genetic characteristics of inflammasomes is assisting our understanding of both autoinflammatory diseases as well as other immune system-driven disorders.

关键词： autoinflammatory diseases polymorphisms NLRs NLRP3

Can glial cells save neurons in epilepsy?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1417-1422页

作者： Weida Shen Jelena BogdanovićPristov paola Nobili Ljiljana Nikolić Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province School of MedicineZhejiang University City CollegeHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Life Sciences University of BelgradeInstitute for Multidisciplinary ResearchBelgradeSerbia Institute of Functional Genomics(IGF) University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Department of Neurophysiology Institute for Biological Research Siniša StankovićNational Institute of Republic of SerbiaUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder caused by the pathological hyper-synchronization of neuronal *** fundamental research of epilepsy mechanisms and the targets of drug design options for its treatment have focused on ***,approximately 30%of patients suffering from epilepsy show resistance to standard anti-epileptic chemotherapeutic agents while the symptoms of the remaining 70%of patients can be alleviated but not completely removed by the current ***,new strategies for the treatment of epilepsy are in urgent *** the past decades,with the increase in knowledge on the role of glia in the genesis and development of epilepsy,glial cells are receiving renewed *** a normal brain,glial cells maintain neuronal health and in partnership with neurons regulate virtually every aspect of brain *** epilepsy,however,the supportive roles of glial cells are compromised,and their interaction with neurons is altered,which disrupts brain *** this review,we will focus on the role of glia-related processes in epileptogenesis and their contribution to abnormal neuronal activity,with the major focus on the dysfunction of astroglial potassium channels,water channels,gap junctions,glutamate transporters,purinergic signaling,synaptogenesis,on the roles of microglial inflammatory cytokines,microglia-astrocyte interactions in epilepsy,and on the oligodendroglial potassium channels and myelin abnormalities in the epileptic *** recent findings suggest that glia should be considered as the promising next-generation targets for designing anti-epileptic drugs that may improve epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy.

关键词： astrocyte cytokines glutamate ion channel microglia myelin neuron oligodendrocyte purinergic signaling seizures

Which neurological abnormalities and neuropsychological impairments share the same substrate in psychosis?

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3372-3375页

作者： DAZZAN paola CHAN Raymond C K Department of Psychosis Studies Institute of Psychiatry King's College London UK Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Approximately 60% of subjects with schizophrenia present minor neurological signs (neurological soft signs, NSS), which include abnormalities in sensory and motor performance indicative of a non-specific cerebral dysfunction. These are also present in healthy individuals and relatives of patients with psychosis, at significantly lower rates. The excess of NSS in psychosis may be a potential endophenotype for this disorder, and reflect the same neurodevelopmental brain dysfunction that also underlies the cognitive deficits consistently reported in psychosis. To establish whether neurological and cognitive dysfunction meet the essential criterion required for a refined endophenotype for psychosis, the association with the illness, we explored evidence that certain neurological and cognitive deficits co-occur in affected individuals. This evidence suggests that signs of motor dysfunctions may be specific to patients with psychosis, in whom they are associated with dysfunction in cognitive tasks requiring motor skills. Thus, they may form a promising candidate endophenotype for psychosis.

关键词：精神病患者神经系统心理障碍异常脑功能障碍基板共享运动性能

Overcast sky condition prevails on and influences the biometeorology of the tropical Andean Páramos

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 78-86页

作者： paola MONTENEGRO-DÍAZ Rolando CELLERIALVEAR Galo CARRILLO-ROJAS Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de CuencaCuenca010207Ecuador Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de CuencaCuenca010207Ecuador Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad de CuencaCuenca010207Ecuador

Clouds play a major role in modulating the biometeorological processes. We studied the influence of cloudiness on four biometeorological variables:daily air temperature(Tair), relative humidity(RH),reference evapotranspiration(ETr),and photosynthetic active radiation(PAR), recorded at four sites of Andean Páramos in southern Ecuador during 2.5 to 5.5 years. First, we quantified both the cloud cover percentage(Cloud%) creating cloud masks over the visible bands of Landsat 7 images and the sky condition(K_(T)) using the records of solar and extraterrestrial radiation. Second, we estimated KTfrom Cloud%. Finally, we quantified T_(air), RH, ET_(r), and PAR under clear, cloudy, and overcast K_(T) and their dependence on KT. The average Cloud% ranged between 65%–76%, and KTcorroborated the prevailing overcast sky(between 55% and 72.5% of the days) over the páramos. The proposed model performed well in the sites of calibration(R^(2)= 0.80;MBE = 0.00;RMSE = 0.05) and validation(R^(2)= 0.74;MBE =-0.07;RMSE = 0.11). The overcast sky diminished T_(air)(≤ 10℃), ET_(r)(≤ 1.6 mm day-1), and PAR(4 MJ m^(-2)day^(-1)) and increased RH(≥ 88%),while the variables showed the opposite behavior during the uncommon clear sky(≤ 5.5% of the days).Thus, mostly the dynamic of RH(R^(2)≥ 0.62), ETr(R^(2)≥ 0.85), and PAR(R2≥ 0.77) depended on K_(T). Hence,the prevailing overcast sky influenced the biometeorology of the páramos.

关键词： Cloudiness indicator Clearness index Satellite imagery Tropical Andes