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Long-term spatial memory in Vespula germanica social wasps： the influence of past experience on foraging behavior

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 853-858页

作者： Sabrina Moreyra paola D'Adamo Mariana Lozada Laboratory Ecotono INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional de/Comahue Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Argentina

Social insects exhibit complex learning and memory mechanisms while for- aging. Vespula germanica （Fab.）（Hymenoptera： Vespidae） is an invasive social wasp that frequently forages on undepleted food sources, making several flights between the resource and the nest. Previous studies have shown that during this relocating behavior, wasps learn to associate food with a certain site, and can recall this association 1 h later. In this work, we evaluated whether this wasp species is capable of retrieving an established association after 24 h. For this purpose, we trained free flying individuals to collect proteinaceous food from an experimental plate （feeder） located in an experimental array. A total of 150 individuals were allowed 2, 4, or 8 visits. After the training phase, the array was re- moved and set up again 24 h later, but this time a second baited plate was placed opposite to the first. After 24 h we recorded the rate of wasps that returned to the experimental area and those which collected food from the previously learned feeding station or the nonlearned one. During the testing phase, we observed that a low rate of wasps trained with 2 collecting visits returned to the experimental area （22%）, whereas the rate of returning wasps trained with 4 or 8 collecting visits was higher （51% and 41%, respectively）. Moreover, wasps trained with 8 feeding visits collected food from the previously learned feeding station at a higher rate than those that did from the nonlearned one. In contrast, wasps trained 2 or 4 times chose both feeding stations at a similar rate. Thus, significantly more wasps returned to the previously learned feeding station after 8 repeated foraging flights but not after only 2 or 4 visits. This is the first report that demonstrates the existence of long-term spatial memory in V. germanica wasps.

关键词： foraging behavior learning long-term memory relocating behavior social wasps

Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the association between ferritin level and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3782-3786页

作者： Luca Valenti paola Dongiovanni Silvia Fargion Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico20122 MilanoItaly

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),defined by excessive liver fat deposition related to the metabolic syndrome,is a leading cause of progressive liver disease,for which accurate non-invasive staging systems and effective treatments are still *** has shown that increased ferritin levels are associated with the metabolic insulin resistance syndrome,and higher hepatic iron and fat *** and iron stores have been associated with the severity of liver damage in NAFLD,and iron depletion reduced insulin resistance and liver ***,Kowdley et al demonstrated in a multicenter study in 628 adult patients with NAFLD from the NAFLD-clinical research network database with central re-evaluation of liver histology and iron staining that the increased serum ferritin level is an independent predictor of liver damage in patients with NAFLD,and is useful to identify NAFLD patients at risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced *** data indicate that incorporation of serum ferritin level may improve the performance of noninvasive scoring of liver damage in patients with NAFLD,and that iron depletion still represents an attractive therapeutic target to prevent the progression of liver damage in these patients.

关键词： Fibrosis Ferritin Iron overload Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Steatosis

The influence of past experience on wasp choice related to foraging behavior

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 759-764页

作者： Moreyra Sabrina paola D'Adamo Mariana Lozada Laboratory Ecotono INIBIOMA Quintral 1250 (8400) Bariloche Argentina

Memory has been little studied in social wasps. Vespula germanica （Fab.）（Hymenoptera： Vespidae） frequently revisits nondepleted food sources, making several trips between the resource and the nest. In this study, we analyzed this relocating behavior in order to evaluate whether this species is capable of remembering an established association after 1 h. To this end, we trained wasps to feed from a certain array. Then it was removed, setting it up again 1 h later, but this time 2 baited feeders were put in place, one at the original feeding site and the other opposite the first. We recorded the proportion of returning foragers, and their choice of feeder, after either 1 or 4 feeding trials. After 1 h, 78% of wasps trained with 4 feeding trials and 65% trained with 1, returned to the experimental area. Furthermore, during the testing phase, wasps trained with 4 feeding trials collected food from the previously learned feeder significantly more frequently than from the nonlearned one （P 〈 0.05）. In contrast, wasps that had been trained only once chose both feeders equally. Thus, memory retrieval could be observed 1 h after wasps had collected food on 4 consecutive occasions, but not after only 1. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that V. germanica is capable of remembering an association 1 h after the last associative event, demonstrating that 1 h does not impair memory retention if4 feeding experiences have occurred.

关键词： cognition foraging behavior learning memory social wasps Vespula germanica

Multifactorial nature of hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance: Could plant polyphenols be helpful?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第14期13卷 2037-2043页

作者： Natale D'Alessandro paola Poma Giuseppe Montalto Department of Pharmacological Sciences University of Palermo Italy Department of Clinical Medicine University of Palermo PalermoItaly

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a quite frequent tumor which results in high mortality and most often exhibits a poor response to present drug therapies. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the biological bases of this malignancy might suggest new strategies for its treatment. Here we examine the evidences that both ＂pharmacological＂ mechanisms （e.g. drug transporter or detoxification enzyme over-expression） and alterations in other critical factors, including the IAPs （Inhibitory of Apoptosis Proteins）, involved in enhancement of cell survival and proliferation may determine the therapeutic resistance of HCC; we also underline the possible role in the process of the activation of transcription factors, like NF-κB, capable of contemporaneously up-regulating the mechanisms discussed. On this basis, we finally comment on the possible use of natural multi-targeted antitumoral agents like plant polyphenols to achieve sensitization to treatments in HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Drug resistance Drug transporters Inhibition of cell death LAPs NF-κB Plant polyphenols

Instrumental and bio-monitoring of heavy metal and nanoparticle emissions from diesel engine exhaust in controlled environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1357-1363页

作者： Simonetta Giordano paola Adamo Valeria Spagnuolo Bianca Maria Vaglieco Department of Structural and Functional Biology University of Naples Federico II Department of Soil Plant Environment and Animal Production Sciences University of Naples Federico II Istituto Motori CNR Via Marconi 8 I-80125 Napoli Italy

In the present article we characterized the emissions at the exhaust of a Common Rail （CR） diesel engine, representative of lightduty class, equipped with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter （CDPF） in controlled environment. The downstream exhausts were directly analyzed （for PM, CO, CO/, Oz, HCs, NOx） by infrared and electrochemical sensors, and SEM-EDS microscope; heavy metals were chemically analyzed using mosses and lichens in bags, and glass-fibre filters all exposed at the engine exhausts. The highest particle emission value was in the 7-54 nm size range; the peak concentration rose until one order of magnitude for the highest load and speed. Particle composition was mainly carbonaceous, associated to noticeable amounts of Fe and silica fibres. Moreover, the content of Cu, Fe, Na, Ni and Zn in both moss and lichen, and of A1 and Cr in moss, was significantly increased. Glass-fibre filters were significantly enriched in A1, B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Na, and Zn. The role of diesel engines as source of carbonaceous nanoparticles has been confirmed, while further investigations in controlled environment are needed to test the catalytic muffler as a possible source of silica fibres considered very hazardous for human health.

关键词： common rail diesel engine exhaust and non-exhaust emissions moss and lichen bags particulate matter

Bidirectional Electron Transfer in the Reaction Centre of Photosystem I

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 735-749页

作者： Stefano Santabarbara Luca Galuppini Anna paola Casazza Istituto di Biofisica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Centre for Fundamental Research in Photosynthesis The Burroughs Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria

In the past decade light-induced electron transfer reactions in photosystem I have been the subject of intensive investigations that have led to the elucidation of some unique characteristics, the most striking of which is the existence of two parallel, functional, redox active cofactors chains. This process is generally referred to as bidirectional electron transfer. Here we present a review of the principal evidences that have led to the uncovering of bidirectionality in the reaction centre of photosystem I. A special focus is dedicated to the results obtained combining time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, either difference absorption or electron paramagnetic resonance, with molecular genetics, which allows, through modification of the binding of redox active cofactors with the reaction centre subunits, an effect on their physical-chemical properties.

关键词： Bidirectional Electron Transfer in the Reaction Centre of Photosystem I PsaA

Goncrete block pavements in urban and local roads:Analysis of stress-strain condition and proposal for a catalogue

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第6期6卷 557-566页

作者： paola Di Mascio Laura Moretti Americo Capannolo Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy

Although the construction of block pavements has grown fast in the last decades,there is still a need for simple tools that could be applied to design *** paper analyzed and verified concrete block pavements for urban and local roads composed of rectangular concrete pavers with plane side surfaces(no interlocking effect).The examined blocks were laid on a bedding sand layer,a cement treated base layer and a granular unbound foundation *** commercial finite element(FE)software ANSYS?was used to calculate the response of the pavement when subjected to different loading,construction *** wheel positions,five blocks patterns,three bedding sand thicknesses and joints gaps have been considered to evaluate stress-strain condition on pavement *** and rutting verification was performed respectively for bound and unbound pavement materials using analytical curves available in the *** the end of this study,a proposal for a catalogue is *** has nine pavement sets,because it takes into account three values of subgrade capacity(30,90,and 150 MPa of resilient modulus)and three levels of traffic(400,000,1,500,000,and 4,000,000 passages of commercial vehicles during the service life).The obtained results provide an inexpensive procedure for the preliminary design of concrete block pavements.

关键词： Block pavement Finite element model Concrete pavers Local roads Urban roads

In search for novel strategies towards neuroprotection and neuroregeneration: is PPARα a promising therapeutic target?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1409-1412页

作者： Sandra Moreno Maria paola Cerù Department of Science-LIME University Roma Tre Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences University of L’AquilaCoppito (AQ) Italy

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors： In the early 1990s, seminal work on rodent liver demonstrated that the hypolipidemic effect of xenobiotics, referred to as peroxisome proliferators, was mediated by a member of steroid hormone receptor superfamily, thus designated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs）（Issemann and Green, 1990; Dreyer et al., 1992）. The research field opened by this discovery led to the identification of three isotypes, namely PPARa （NR1C1）, PPAR[3/6 （NRIC2）, PPARy （NRIC3）, in a wide range of tissues. All these receptors act as ligand-activated transcription factors, binding lipid molecules with different, though overlapping, specificity.

关键词： PPAR a promising therapeutic target is PPAR

Palazzo Valentini： Archaeological discoveries and redevelopment projects

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2015年第2期4卷 91-99页

作者： Luisa Napoli paola Baldassarri Provincia di Rome - Dipartimento II Servizio 2 via IV Novembre 119/A 00187 Roma Italy

Palazzo Valentini, a historical site of Rome＇s Provincial Administration, is located at the heart of the city. The building was purchased in 1827 by Vincenzo Valentini, a banker and consul general of the Prussian Crown. In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II, a fully self-contained, air-raid shelter was built under the courtyard, with an exit tunnel heading onto the Trajan＇s Forum. Archaeological investigations started in 2005 in view of a simple rehabilitation work of the underground level. As work progressed, the sample-plots brought to light new archaeological findings： relics of a huge temple and what remained of two residential houses with thermal baths. We therefore designed an exhibition space with glass surfaces to allow visitors to appreciate the findings while following a path through historical ages： from the 16th-century courtyard to the underground Roman domus （the sumptuous houses of senators and dignitaries of the Roman Empire）, with private baths, to the remains of a Roman temple, and all the way to the Trajan＇s Column pedesta（ by way of the air-raid shelter. Virtual reconstructions, graphic effects, and movies are the means used to revive the hypothetical origina（ appearance of the environments and the daily life of that epoch in order to help us build a prototype of an on-site museum of the third millennium.

关键词： Museum Domus Thermal baths Archaeological inves-tigations Historical path Barrier-free accessi-bility Multimedia exhibition