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Pedestrians Mobility on Public Sidewalks Evaluated by the IAAPE Method

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第8期11卷 789-799页

作者： Karla Conceicao Pereira Alcindo Neckel Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Mauricio Kunz Grace Cardoso Lauro André Ribeiro Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva Pamela Gnoatto paola pol saraiva Juliana Frighetto Tales Goncalves Visentin School of Architecture and Urbanism of Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. CEP: 99070-220 Brazil School of Psychologyof Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. CEP: 99070-220 Brazil

This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil using the IAAPE （indicators of attraction and pedestrian accessibility） method. The concept of walkability corresponds to the simple act of walking in a pleasant way along the footpaths. Therefore, the IAAPE method was used, which considers aspects of connectivity, comfort, conviviality, coexistence, convenience, clarity and commitment in relation to the space evaluated. In this study, 40 adults, elderly, pregnant and wheelchair subjects were interviewed for evaluating the importance criteria on public sidewalks for a given type of user. In general, reduced sidewalk dimensions and obstacle presence are the main displacement hurdles in most of the cases analyzed. Thus, improvements are needed to avoid stress situations that arise from daily routine, to encourage physical activities, accessibility, and the emergence of meeting and leisure points.

关键词： Walkability mobility public sidewalks IAAPE life quality.

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CT colonography after incomplete colonoscopy in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4499-4504页

作者： Lapo Sali Massimo Falchini Andrea Giovanni Bonanomi Guido Castiglione Stefano Ciatto paola Mantellini Francesco Mungai Ilario Menchi Natale Villari Mario Mascalchi Radiodiagnostic Section Department of Clinical PhysiopathologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (CSPO) Florence 50100Italy Diagnostic Imaging Department Careggi HospitalFlorence 50134Italy

AIM： To report our experience with computed tomography colonography （CTC） systematically performed in subjects with positive faecal occult blood test （FOBT） and an incomplete colonoscopy in the setting of a population-based screening for colorectal cancer （CRC）. METHODS： From April 2006 to April 2007, 43 290 individuals （age range 50-70） who adhered to the regional screening program for the prevention of CRC underwent immunochemical FOBT. FOBT was positive in 1882 subjects （4.3%）. 1463 （77.7%） of these subjects underwent colonoscopy, 903 performed in a single center. Of 903 colonoscopies 65 （7.2%） were incomplete. Forty-two of these subjects underwent CTC. CTC was performed with a 16-MDCT scanner after standard bowel prep （polyethyleneglycole） in both supine and prone position. Subjects whose CTC showed polyps or masses were referred to the endoscopist for repeat colonoscopy under sedation or underwent surgery. Perlesion and per-segment positive predictive values （PPV） were calculated. RESULTS： Twenty-one （50%） of 42 CTCs showed polyps or masses. Fifty-five of these subjects underwent a repeat colonoscopy, whereas 2 subjects underwent surgery for colonic masses of indeterminate nature. Four subjects refused further examinations. CTC correctly identified 2 colonic masses and 20 polyps. PPV for masses or polyps greater than 9 mm was of 87.5%. Per-lesion and per-segment PPV were, respectively, 83.3% and 83.3% for polyps greater or equal to 10 mm, and 77.8% and 85.7% for polyps of 6-9 mm. CONCLUSION： In the context of a screening program for CRC based on FOBT, CTC shows high per-segment and per-lesion PPV for colonic masses and polyps greater than 9 mm. Therefore, CTC has the potential to become a useful technique for evaluation of the non visualized part of the colon after incomplete colonoscopy.

关键词： Computed tomography colonography Virtual colonoscopy Incomplete colonoscopy Positive faecal occult blood test Colorectal cancer screening

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