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APolygonal Discontinuous Galerkin Formulation for Contact Mechanics in Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2021年第6期30卷 1-33页

作者： Stefano Zonca paola FAntonietti Christian Vergara MOX Dipartimento di MatematicaPolitecnico di MilanoItaly LABS Dipartimento di ChimicaMateriali e Ingegneria Chimica“Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoItaly

In this work,we propose a formulation based on the Polygonal Discontinuous Galerkin(PolyDG)method for contact mechanics that arises in fluid-structure interaction *** particular,we introduce a consistent penalization approach to treat the frictionless contact between immersed structures that undergo large *** key feature of the method is that the contact condition can be naturally embedded in the PolyDG formulation,allowing to easily support polygonal/polyhedral *** proposed approach introduced a fixed background mesh for the fluid problem overlapped by the structure grid that is able to move independently of the fluid *** assess the validity of the proposed approach,we report the results of several numerical experiments obtained in the case of contact between flexible structures immersed in a fluid.

关键词： Polygonal Discontinuous Galerkin method fluid-structure interaction contact mechanics

Signs and genetics of rare cancer syndromes with gastroenterological features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第30期21卷 8985-8993页

作者： William Bruno Giuseppe Fornarini paola Ghiorzo Genetics of Rare Cancers Department of Internal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of Genoa Medical Oncology Unit

Although the genetic bases of most hereditary cancer syndromes are known,and genetic tests are available for them,the incidence of the most rare of these syndromes is likely underestimated,partially because the clinical expression is neither fully understood nor easily diagnosed due to the variable and complex expressivity. The clinical features of a small pool of rare cancer syndromes include gastroenterological signs,though not necessarily tumors,that could require the intervention of a gastroenterologist during any of the phases of the clinical management. Herein we will attempt to spread the knowledge on these rare syndromes by summarizing the phenotype and genetic basis,and revising the peculiar gastroenterological signs whose underlying role in these rare hereditary cancer syndromes is often neglected. Close collaboration between geneticists and gastroenterologists could facilitate both the early identification of patients or relatives at-risk and the planning of multidisciplinary and tailored management of these subjects.

关键词： Genetic susceptibility Diagnostic criteria Gastroenterological features Genetic testing Rarecancer syndromes

CITIES,ENERGY AND CLIMATE:SEVEN REASONS TO QUESTION THE DENSE HIGH-RISE CITY

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第3期15卷 197-214页

作者： Chris Butters Ali Cheshmehzangi paola Sassi Centre for Development and the Environment(SUM) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway University of Nottingham Ningbo 199 Taikang E RdYinzhou QuNingbo315000 China School of Architecture Faculty of TechnologyDesign and EnvironmentOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxford OX30BP United Kingdom

Dense high-rise cities offer some advantages in terms of sustainability but have considerable ***-dense and medium-rise typologies have been shown to offer good social qualities;their potential energy and carbon advantages have received less *** the energy consumption,emissions of cities and heat island effects increase;we question whether dense,high-rise cities offer optimal *** discuss seven areas where medium density and lower rise typologies offer advantages in terms of energy and climate including:land use/density;microclimate/green space;energy supply;transports;operational energy/carbon;embodied energy/carbon;and *** aim is to discuss the cumulative importance of these areas in the context of sustainable energy use and climate *** areas are subject to ongoing research and are only discussed briefly,since the overarching synthesis perspective for urban planning is our *** picture that emerges when these points are seen together,suggests that medium density and lower rise options-like traditional European typologies-may offer,in addition to social qualities,very significant advantages in terms of energy,carbon and climate emissions.

关键词： sustainable cities low rise cities urban planning climate emissions energy planning

Tackling cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer: what can we do?

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 755-757页

作者： paola Perego Molecular Pharmacology Unit Department of Applied Research and Technological DevelopmentFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilan 20133Italy

Ovarian cancer is a complex disease mainly consisting of epithelial cancer which comprises various histological *** most frequent one is high-grade serous ovarian *** prognosis of this disease is poor because most women are diagnosed with advanced *** many patients respond to first-line Pt-based therapy,the development of resistance limits the efficacy of *** therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of ovarian carcinoma treatment are emerging from both basic and translational research *** this Special Issue,approaches to improve the armamentarium to fight ovarian carcinoma are presented,thereby providing an overview of selected aspects of ovarian cancer biology that can be exploited to improve *** this context,a re-evaluation and optimization of already tested strategies such as intra-peritoneal therapy together with a deep investigation of the recently acquired knowledge on factors(e.g.,E3 ubiquitin ligases)and features[Cancer Stem Cells(CSCs)]contributing to drug resistance may provide useful insights to tackle cisplatin resistance.

关键词： cisplatin cancer resistance

Inflammatory pathways in the early steps of colorectal cancer development

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9716-9731页

作者： Francesco Mariani paola Sena Luca Roncucci Department of Diagnostic Clinical and Public Health MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesSection of Human MorphologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in many *** carcinogenesis is a stepwise process which,from normal mucosa leads to *** factors have been shown to influence this process,however,at present,several points remain *** recent years some hypotheses have been considered on the mechanisms involved in cancer development,expecially in its early *** injury resulting from infectious,mechanical,or chemical agents may elicit a chronic immune response resulting in cellular proliferation and *** inflammation of the large bowel(as in inflammatory bowel diseases),has been associated with the subsequent development of colorectal *** this review we examine the inflammatory pathways involved in the early steps of carcinogenesis,with particular emphasis on ***,we describe cells and proteins recently suggested as central in the mechanism leading to tumor *** and neutrophils are among the cells mostly involved in these processes and proteins,as cyclooxygenases and resolvins,are crucial in these inflammatory ***,the activation of these pathways establishes an oxidative and anaerobic microenvironment with DNA damage to epithelial cells,and shifting from an aerobic to an anaerobic *** cellular mechanisms,such as proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy are altered causing failure to control normal mucosa repair and renewal.

关键词： Myeloperoxidase Colorectal carcinogenesis Inflammation Aberrant crypt foci Autophagy Hypoxia Apoptosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Role of environmental and genetic factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12945-12955页

作者： paola Dongiovanni Stefano Romeo Luca Valenti Internal Medicine 1B Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico 20122 Milano Italy Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Università degli Studi di Milano 20122 Milano Italy Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of Gothenburg 40530 Gothenburg Sweden Clinical Nutrition Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University Magna Graecia 88100 Catan-zaro Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer related mortality, and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and exposure to hepatotoxins are major risk factors, but nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, is an increasingly recognized trigger, especially in developed countries. Older age, severity of insulin resistance and diabetes, and iron overload have been reported to predispose to HCC in this context. Remarkably, HCCs have been reported in non-cirrhotic livers in a higher proportion of cases in NAFLD patients than in other etiologies. Inherited factors have also been implicated to explain the different individual susceptibility to develop HCC, and their role seems magnified in fatty liver, where only a minority of affected subjects progresses to cancer. In particular, the common I148 M variant of the PNPLA3 gene influencing hepatic lipid metabolism influences HCC risk independently of its effect on the progression of liver fibrosis. Recently, rare loss-of-function mutations in Apolipoprotein B resulting in very low density lipoproteins hepatic retention and in Telomerase reverse transcriptase influencing cellular senescence have also been linked to HCC in NAFLD. Indeed, hepatic stellate cells senescence has been suggested to bridge tissue aging with alterations of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related HCC. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms mediating hepatic carcinogenesis during insulin resistance, and the identification of its genetic determinants will hopefully provide new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis Fibrogenesis Liver disease Genetics Single nucleotide polymorphism Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3

Bedrock geology interacts with altitude in affecting leaf growth and foliar nutrient status of mountain vascular plants

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 839-850页

作者： Renato Gerdol Roberta Marchesini paola Iacumin Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of FerraraCorso Ercole I d’Este 32I-44121 FerraraItaly Department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of ParmaViale delle Scienze 158/AI-43124 ParmaItaly

Aims Altitude is often used as a proxy for ascertaining how warming affects plant growth and leaf level ***,we have a poor understanding of how the effects of altitude-related warming varies across ***,this study examined the independ-ent and interactive effects of altitude and geology and species on plant growth and foliar nutrient *** We determined leaf growth rates and concentrations of major nutrients(nitrogen,N and phosphorus,P)in leaves of five spe-cies across two altitudinal gradients(1200-2200 m)in the Dolomites(south-eastern Alps,Italy).the two transects were located on carbonate bedrock and silicate bedrock,*** also determined concentrations of inorganic and organic N and P forms in soils,andδ15N signature in leaves and *** Findings Foliar N concentrations were unrelated to bedrock *** negative foliarδ^(15)N signature suggested that organic N was the primary source of N supply across the *** P concentrations were strongly affected by bedrock geology and their altitudinal patterns depended on the concentrations of organic and inorganic P forms in the *** and organic P appeared to be the main sources of P *** growth rates increased with higher altitude on silicate bedrock and decreased with higher altitude on carbonate bedrock and presented a significant positive correlation with foliar N:*** conclusion,bedrock geology inter-acted with altitude in controlling the foliar nutrient status mainly owing to availability of soil P and its effect on foliar nutrient stoichiometry.

关键词： altitude mycorrhiza plant functional type soil chemistry ^(15)N

An Adaptive hp-DG-FE Method for Elliptic Problems: Convergence and Optimality in the 1D Case

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2019年第3期1卷 309-331页

作者： paola Antonietti Claudio Canuto Marco Verani MOX-Dipartimento di Matematica Politecnico di MilanoP.zza Leonardo Da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche Politecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly

We propose and analyze an hp-adaptive DG-FEM algorithm, termed hp-ADFEM, and its one-dimensional realization, which is convergent, instance optimal, and h- and p-robust. The procedure consists of iterating two routines:one hinges on Binev's algorithm for the adaptive hp-approximation of a given function, and finds a near-best hp-approximation of the current discrete solution and data to a desired accuracy;the other one improves the discrete solution to a finer but comparable accuracy, by iteratively applying D?rfler marking and h refinement.

关键词： Elliptic problem Discontinuous Galerkin method hp-adaptivity Convergence and optimality

Hepcidin modulation in human diseases: From research to clinic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第5期15卷 538-551页

作者： Alberto Piperno Raffaella Mariani paola Trombini Domenico Girelli Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention University of Milano-Bicocca Monza 20052 Italy Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Diseases San Gerardo Hospital Monza 20052 Italy Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Verona Verona 37100 Italy

By modulating hepcidin production, an organism controls intestinal iron absorption, iron uptake and mobilization from stores to meet body iron need. In recent years there has been important advancement in our knowledge of hepcidin regulation that also has implications for understanding the physiopathology of some human disorders. Since the discovery of hepcidin and the demonstration of its pivotal role in iron homeostasis, there has been a substantial interest in developing a reliable assay of the hormone in biological fluids. Measurement of hepcidin in biological fluids can improve our understanding of iron diseases and be a useful tool for diagnosis and clinical management of these disorders. We reviewed the literature and our own research on hepcidin to give an updated status of the situation in this rapidly evolving field.

关键词： Hepcidin Iron homeostasis Erythropoiesis Hemochromatosis Anemia Liver diseases