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Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: Is the emphysema type associated with the pattern of fibrosis?

World Journal of Radiology 2015年第9期7卷 294-305页

作者： Anastasia Oikonomou Paraskevi Mintzopoulou Argyris Tzouvelekis Petros Zezos George Zacharis Anastasios Koutsopoulos Demosthenes Bouros panos prassopoulos Department of Radiology Democritus University of Thrace Department of Medical Imaging Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Department of Pneumonology Democritus University of Thrace Yale School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Section of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Department of Endoscopic Unit Democritus University of Thrace Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Department of Pathology Democritus University of Thrace Department of Pathology University of Herakleion

AIM: To investigate whether the predominant emphysema type is associated with the high resolution computed tomography(HRCT) pattern of fibrosis in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema(CPFE).METHODS: Fifty-three smokers with upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe pulmonary fibrosis on- HRCT-were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were stratified into 3 groups according to the predominant type of emphysema: Centrilobular(CLE), paraseptal(PSE), CLE = PSE. Patients were also stratified into 3 other groups according to the predominant type of fibrosis on HRCT: Typical usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP), probable UIP and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia(NSIP). HRCTs were scored at 5 predetermined levels for the coarseness of fibrosis(Coarseness), extent of emphysema(emphysema), extent of interstitial lung disease(Tot Ext ILD), extent of reticular pattern not otherwise specified(Ret NOS), extent of ground glass opacity with traction bronchiectasis(extG GOBx), extent of pure ground glass opacity and extent of honeycombing. HRCT mean scores, pulmonary function tests, diffusion capacity(DLCO) and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure were compared among the groups.RESULTS: The predominant type of emphysema was strongly correlated with the predominant type of fibrosis. The centrilobular emphysema group exhibited a significantly higher extent of emphysema(P < 0.001) and a lower extent of interstitial lung disease(P < 0.002), reticular pattern not otherwise specified(P < 0.023), extent of ground glass opacity with traction bronchiectasis(P < 0.002), extent of honeycombing(P < 0.001) and coarseness of fibrosis(P < 0.001) than the paraseptal group. The NSIP group exhibited a significantly higher extent of emphysema(P < 0.05), total lung capacity(P < 0.01) and diffusion capacity(DLCO)(P < 0.05) than the typical UIP group. The typical UIP group exhibited a significantly higher extent of interstitial lung disease, extent of reticular pattern not otherwise specified, extent of ground glass opacity with traction bronchiectasis, e

关键词： Emphysema Pulmonary fibrosis High resolution compu

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A field parcel-oriented approach to evaluate the crop cover-management factor and time-distributed erosion risk in Europe

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 43-59页

作者： Francis Matthews Gert Verstraeten Pasquale Borrelli panos Panagos European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of Science Roma Tre University00146RomeItaly

The crop cover-management(C-)factor in arable landscapes describes the soil erosion susceptibility associated with seasonally cultivated crops.Previous informatic and computational limitations have led many modelling studies to prescribe C-factor values and assume spatial and temporal stationarity.However,the multiple influencing factors ranging from parcel-scale crop cultivation and management to regional-scale rainfall regimes motivates new methods to capture this variation when identifying at-risk areas.Here,we define a multi-component method to derive the C-factor by associating time series of canopy and residue surface cover from Sentinel-2 and climate-specific rainfall erosivity with Integrated Administration and Control System(IACS)field parcel data from European Union member states.A scalable and standardised method is emphasised to increase the future interoperability and inter-comparability of soil erosion modelling studies deploying the C-factor.Additionally,field parcel simu-lation units with associated crop declarations provide a new reference scale to link predictions of soil erosion risk with specific management decisions and declarations by farmers.After implementing the method on a homogenised subsample of 8600 field parcels covering available IACS regions,several key findings are outlined:1)time series information provides new opportunities to predict the time-criticality of erosion in specific crop cultivations,2)the varying(a-)synchronicity between seasonal crop canopy cover and heavy rainstorms means that spatial variability is inherent within the C-factor across Europe,and 3)the addition of agricultural management practices(e.***.tillage practice de-scriptions)to open-access IACS repositories can facilitate more comprehensive evaluations of the C-factor and soil erosion risk.

关键词： C-factor Soil erosion Modelling Remote sensing Crop-phenology IACS data Soil conservation Europe

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Dynamic grouping of heterogeneous agents for exploration and strike missions

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第1期23卷 86-100页

作者： Chen CHEN Xiaochen WU Jie CHEN panos M.PARDALOS Shuxin DING School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Center for Applied Optimization Department of Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Signal and Communication Research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing100081China

The ever-changing environment and complex combat missions create new demands for the formation of mission groups of unmanned combat agents.This study aims to address the problem of dynamic construction of mission groups under new requirements.Agents are heterogeneous,and a group formation method must dynamically form new groups in circumstances where missions are constantly being explored.In our method,a group formation strategy that combines heuristic rules and response threshold models is proposed to dynamically adjust the members of the mission group and adapt to the needs of new missions.The degree of matching between the mission requirements and the group’s capabilities,and the communication cost of group formation are used as indicators to evaluate the quality of the group.The response threshold method and the ant colony algorithm are selected as the comparison algorithms in the simulations.The results show that the grouping scheme obtained by the proposed method is superior to those of the comparison methods.

关键词： Multi-agent Dynamic missions Group formation Heuristic rule Networking overhead

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Digital Social and Emotional Literacy Intervention for Vulnerable Children in Brazil:Participants’Experiences

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第1期24卷 51-67页

作者： Louise Freeland Michelle O’Reilly Juliana Fleury Sarah Adams panos Vostanis Department Neuroscience Psychology and BehaviourUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Sociology University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Associação pela Saúde Emocional de Crianças(ASEC) São Paulo01000Brazil Department of Education University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK

Social emotional literacy(SEL)interventions are widely implemented through schools,with growing evidence for a range of positive child outcomes.Increasingly,such interventions are delivered on online platforms.To date,there is limited evidence about digital SEL interventions in low-and middle-income countries(LMIC).The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of children,parents and facilitator of the potential value of addressing SEL via tailored digital intervention.The intervention was designed to help children,in Brazil,to cope during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.The intervention was delivered via a digital platform to groups of three children for 45 min per week for nine.Thirteen children,nine parents and nine facilitators were interviewed following the completion of the intervention.The data was analysed through a codebook thematic approach,which led to three themes:empowerment,participatory aspects of the intervention and digital adaptation.Overall,children’s SEL development was reported to be supported during the COVID-19 pandemic,by the application of new skills outside the sessions.Children reported a number of empowering factors such as being heard and belonging.A range of useful participatory tools were identified including storytelling,games,drawings and videos.Blended SEL interventions involving both face-to-face and web-based facilitation could be developed within a tiered model of universal mental health promotion and targeted prevention.Access to online platforms would increase reach to large numbers of children in LMIC,especially in contexts of disadvantage.

关键词： Child social emotional literacy intervention digital low-and middle-income countries

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Monitoring gully erosion in the European Union: A novel approach based on the Land Use/Cover Area frame survey (LUCAS)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 17-28页

作者： Pasquale Borrelli Jean Poesen Matthias Vanmaercke Cristiano Ballabio Javier Hervas Michael Maerker Simone Scarpa panos Panagos Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of PaviaVia Ferrata127100PaviaItaly Department of Biological Environment Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management Maria-Curie Sklodowska UniversityLublinPoland Departement de Geographie Universite de LiegeLiegeBelgium European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly

The European Commission's Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection(COM(2012)46)identified soil erosion as an important threat to European Union's(EU)soil resources.Gully erosion is an important but hitherto poorly understood component of this threat.Here we present the results of an unprecedented attempt to monitor the occurrence of gully erosion across the EU and UK.We integrate a soil erosion module into the 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey,which was conducted to monitor the soil health status across the EU and to support actions to prevent soil degradation.We discuss and explore opportunities to further improve this method.The 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey consisted of soil sampling(0-20 cm depth)and erosion observations conducted in ca.10%(n=24,759)of the 238,077 Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey(LUCAS)2018 in-field survey sites.Gully erosion channels were detected for ca.1%(211 sites)of the visited LUCAS Topsoil sites.Commission(false positives,2.5%)and omission errors(false negatives,5.6%)were found to be low and at a level that could not compromise the representativeness of the gully erosion survey.Overall,the findings indicate that the tested 2018 LUCAS Topsoil in-field gully erosion monitoring system is effective for detecting the incidence of gully erosion.The morphogenesis of the mapped gullies suggests that the approach is an effective tool to map permanent gullies,whereas it appears less effective to detect short-lived forms like ephemeral gullies.Spatial patterns emerging from the LUCAS Topsoil field observations provide new insights on typical gully formation sites across the EU and UK.This can help to design further targeted research activities.An extension of this approach to all LUCAS sites of 2022 would significantly enhance our understanding of the geographical distribution of gully erosion processes across the EU.Repeated every three years,LUCAS soil erosion surveys would contribute to assess the state of gully erosion in the EU over time.It will also enable monitoring and eventually predicting the dynamics

关键词： Soil erosion Soil Concentrated flow erosion Google earth Earth observations

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Call for joint international actions to improve scientific understanding and address soil erosion and riverine sediment issues in mountainous regions

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 586-588页

作者： Fan Zhang Baoyuan Liu Liping Zhu Richard Cruse Dongfeng Li panos Panagos Pasquale Borrelli Yakov Kuzyakov Shaoshan An State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Normal University BeijingChina Agronomy Department at Iowa State University AmesIAUnited States Department of Geography National University of SingaporeKent RidgeSingapore European Commission Joint Research CentreIspraItaly Department of Environmental Sciences Environmental GeosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland Department of Science Roma Tre UniversityRomeItaly Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceGeorg-August-University of GottingenGermany Research Center of Water and Soil Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of EducationYanglingShaanxiChina

During the International Workshop on Soil Erosion and Riverine Sediment in Mountainous Regions held in November 2022,scientists from many countries shared their state-of-the-art knowledge and brainstormed to improve scientific understanding for coping with climate change and anthropogenic impacts.Information summarized in this discussion includes proposed key scientific questions and suggested joint actions to reduce soil erosion and riverine sediment problems in mountainous regions.

关键词： soil mountainous summarized

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Microstructural evolution of a heat-treated H23 tool steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第3期22卷 272-284页

作者： Meilinda Nurbanasari panos Tsakiropoulos Eric J.Palmiere Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield

The microstructure and the stability of carbides after heat treatments in an H23 tool steel were investigated. The heat treatments consisted of austenization at two different austenizing temperatures （1100℃ and 1250℃）, followed by water quenching and double-aging at 650℃, 750℃, and 800℃with air cooling between the first and second aging treatments. Martensite did not form in the as-quenched micro- structures, which consisted of a ferrite matrix, M6C, M7C3, and MC carbides. The double-aged microstructures consisted of a ferrite matrix and MC, M6C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. Secondary hardening as a consequence of secondary precipitation of fine M2C carbides did not occur. There was disagreement between the experimental microstructure and the results of thermodynamic calculations. The highest double-aged hardness of the H23 tool steel was 448 HV after austenization at 1250℃ and double-aging at 650℃, which suggested that this tool steel should be used at temperatures below 650℃.

关键词： tool steel microstruc^ral evolution heat treatment carbides stability hardness

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Using the USLE: Chances, challenges and limitations of soil erosion modelling

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 203-225页

作者： Christine Alewell Pasquale Borrelli Katrin Meusburger panos Panagos Environmental Geosciences University of BaselSwitzerland Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland European Commission Joint Research CenterIspraItaly

To give soils and soil degradation,which are among the most crucial threats to ecosystem stability,social and political visibility,small and large scale modelling and mapping of soil erosion is inevitable.The most widely used approaches during an 80year history of erosion modelling are Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type based algorithms which have been applied in 109 countries.Addressing soil erosion by water (excluding gully erosion and land sliding),we start this review with a statistical evaluation of nearly 2,000 publications).We discuss model developments which use USLE-type equations as basis or side modules,but we also address recent development of the single USLE parameters (R,K,LS,C,P).Importance,aim and limitations of model validation as well as a comparison of USLE-type models with other erosion assessment tools are discussed.Model comparisons demonstrate that the application of process-based physical models (e.g.,WEPP or PESERA) does not necessarily result in lower uncertainties compared to more simple structured empirical models such as USLE-type algorithms.We identified four key areas for future research:(i) overcoming the principally different nature of modelled (gross) versus measured (net) erosion rates,in coupling on-site erosion risk to runoff patterns,and depositional regime,(ii) using the recent increase in spatial resolution of remote sensing data to develop process based models for large scale applications,(iii) strengthen and extend measurement and monitoring programs to build up validation data sets,and (iv) rigorous uncertainty assessment and the application of objective evaluation criteria to soil erosion modelling.

关键词： Universal soil loss equation RUSLE CSLE Soil redistribution Soil degradation Water erosion Model Review

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Rainfall erosivity in Italy:a national scale spatio-temporal assessment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第9期9卷 835-850页

作者： Pasquale Borrelli Nazzareno Diodato panos Panagos European Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityIspraItaly Met European Research Observatory BeneventoItaly

Soil erosion by water is a serious threat for the Mediterranean region.Raindrop impacts and consequent runoff generation are the main driving forces of this geomorphic process of soil degradation.The potential ability for rainfall to cause soil loss is expressed as rainfall erosivity,a key parameter required by most soil loss prediction models.In Italy,rainfall erosivity measurements are limited to few locations,preventing researchers from effectively assessing the geography and magnitude of soil loss across the country.The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity in Italy and to develop a national-scale grid-based map of rainfall erosivity.Thus,annual rainfall erosivity values were measured and subsequently interpolated using a geostatistical approach.Time series of pluviographic records(10-years)with high temporal resolution(mostly 30-min)for 386 meteorological stations were analysed.Regression-kriging was used to interpolate rainfall erosivity values of the meteorological stations to an Italian rainfall erosivity map(500-m).A set of 23 environmental covariates was tested,of which seven covariates were selected based on a stepwise approach(mostly significant at the 0.01 level).The interpolation method showed a good performance for both the cross-validation data set(R^(2)_(cv)=0.777)and the fitting data set(R^(2)=0.779).

关键词： Earth observation GIS digital earth meteorology soil erosion

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环氧沥青固化过程中的粘度特性

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重庆大学学报 2022年第3期45卷 83-87页

作者：荆儒鑫 panos Apostolidis 刘学岩荷兰代尔夫特理工大学代尔夫特荷兰2628CN

针对环氧沥青固化过程中的流变学特性,采用粘度为表征参数,重点研究固化温度、剪切速率以及稀释比对其固化速度的影响。结果表明,温度越高,环氧沥青的固化速度越快;过快的剪切速率会干扰并破坏固化结构的形成;采用基质沥青对环氧沥青进... 详细信息

针对环氧沥青固化过程中的流变学特性,采用粘度为表征参数,重点研究固化温度、剪切速率以及稀释比对其固化速度的影响。结果表明,温度越高,环氧沥青的固化速度越快;过快的剪切速率会干扰并破坏固化结构的形成;采用基质沥青对环氧沥青进行稀释可以有效控制固化速度并降低材料成本。综合考虑施工和易性等因素,推荐稀释比(环氧沥青:基质沥青)为25∶75,材料拌合速度为20 r/min,材料在拌合、运输及压实过程中温度应保持在130℃,道路施工需在5 h内结束。

关键词：环氧沥青固化流变性

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