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THE EFFECT OF OCCUPANCY ON ELECTRICITY USE IN THREE CANADIAN SCHOOLS

Journal of Green Building 2018年第1期13卷 95-112页

作者： Mohamed Ouf Mohamed H.Issa Phil Merkel panos polyzois Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba15 Gillson StreetWinnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada Customer Engineering Department Manitoba Hydro

Through building performance simulations, previous studies showed the effect of occupants on buildings’ energy consumption. To further demonstrate this effect using empirical evidence, this study analyzed the effect of occupancy on real-time electricity consumption in three case-study schools in Manitoba. Within each school, one classroom as well as the gymnasium were sub-metered to collect real-time electricity consumption data at half-hourly intervals. The study focused on electricity consumption for lighting and plug loads, which make up 30% of energy consumption in Canadian commercial and institutional buildings. A comprehensive method was developed to investigate energy-related occupant behaviour in the sub-metered spaces using four different tools simultaneously: 1) gymnasium bookings after school hours over a four-month period, 2) half-hourly observations of lighting and equipment use in the sub-metered spaces in each school over a two-week period, 3) a daily survey administered to teachers in the sub-metered classrooms over a two-week period, and 4) occupancy and light sensors to evaluate actual recorded occupancy and light use durations over a four-month period. Results showed that recorded occupancy durations over a 4-month period only explained less than 10% of the variations in classrooms’ lighting electricity consumption, meaning that lights may have been used frequently while classrooms were unoccupied. Results also showed the differences in gymnasiums’ electricity consumption were still statistically significant between the three schools, even after school hours and when the gymnasiums were not used or booked for other activities. This study is the first to provide in-depth evaluation of the effect of occupancy on electricity consumption in Canadian schools.

关键词： Occupancy energy efficiency school buildings real-time electricity monitoring

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Rainfall erosivity in Italy:a national scale spatio-temporal assessment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第9期9卷 835-850页

作者： Pasquale Borrelli Nazzareno Diodato panos Panagos European Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute for Environment and SustainabilityIspraItaly Met European Research Observatory BeneventoItaly

Soil erosion by water is a serious threat for the Mediterranean *** impacts and consequent runoff generation are the main driving forces of this geomorphic process of soil *** potential ability for rainfall to cause soil loss is expressed as rainfall erosivity,a key parameter required by most soil loss prediction *** Italy,rainfall erosivity measurements are limited to few locations,preventing researchers from effectively assessing the geography and magnitude of soil loss across the *** objectives of this study were to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall erosivity in Italy and to develop a national-scale grid-based map of rainfall ***,annual rainfall erosivity values were measured and subsequently interpolated using a geostatistical *** series of pluviographic records(10-years)with high temporal resolution(mostly 30-min)for 386 meteorological stations were ***-kriging was used to interpolate rainfall erosivity values of the meteorological stations to an Italian rainfall erosivity map(500-m).A set of 23 environmental covariates was tested,of which seven covariates were selected based on a stepwise approach(mostly significant at the 0.01 level).The interpolation method showed a good performance for both the cross-validation data set(R^(2)_(cv)=0.777)and the fitting data set(R^(2)=0.779).

关键词： Earth observation GIS digital earth meteorology soil erosion

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Microstructural evolution of a heat-treated H23 tool steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第3期22卷 272-284页

作者： Meilinda Nurbanasari panos Tsakiropoulos Eric J.Palmiere Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Nasional Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Sheffield

The microstructure and the stability of carbides after heat treatments in an H23 tool steel were investigated. The heat treatments consisted of austenization at two different austenizing temperatures （1100℃ and 1250℃）, followed by water quenching and double-aging at 650℃, 750℃, and 800℃with air cooling between the first and second aging treatments. Martensite did not form in the as-quenched micro- structures, which consisted of a ferrite matrix, M6C, M7C3, and MC carbides. The double-aged microstructures consisted of a ferrite matrix and MC, M6C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. Secondary hardening as a consequence of secondary precipitation of fine M2C carbides did not occur. There was disagreement between the experimental microstructure and the results of thermodynamic calculations. The highest double-aged hardness of the H23 tool steel was 448 HV after austenization at 1250℃ and double-aging at 650℃, which suggested that this tool steel should be used at temperatures below 650℃.

关键词： tool steel microstruc^ral evolution heat treatment carbides stability hardness

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Modelling monthly soil losses and sediment yields in Cyprus

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第8期9卷 766-787页

作者： Christos G.Karydas panos Panagos School of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece European Commission Joint Research CentreInstitute of Environment and SustainabilityIspraVAItaly

The aim of this study was to map soil erosion on the Mediterranean island of *** G2 model,an empirical model for month-time step erosion assessments,was *** losses in Cyprus were mapped at a 100 m cell size,while sediment yields at a sub-basin scale of 0.62 km^(2) mean *** results indicated a mean annual erosion rate of 11.75 t ha^(−1)y−^(1),with October and November being the most erosive *** 34%of the island’s surface was found to exceed non-sustainable erosion rates(>10 t ha^(−1)y−^(1)),with sclerophyllous vegetation,coniferous forests,and non-irrigated arable land being the most extensive non-sustainable erosive land *** mean sediment delivery ratio(SDR)was found to be 0.26,while the mean annual specific sediment yield(SSY)value for Cyprus was found to be 3.32 t ha^(−1)y−^(1).The annual sediment yield of the entire island was found to be 2.746 Mt y−*** study was the first to provide complete and detailed erosion figures for Cyprus at a country *** geodatabase and all information records of the study are available at the European Soil Data Centre(ESDAC)of the Joint Research Centre(JRC).

关键词： Soil erosion G2 model USLE Gavrilovic digital earth

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A field parcel-oriented approach to evaluate the crop cover-management factor and time-distributed erosion risk in Europe

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 43-59页

作者： Francis Matthews Gert Verstraeten Pasquale Borrelli panos Panagos European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenBelgium Department of Science Roma Tre University00146RomeItaly

The crop cover-management(C-)factor in arable landscapes describes the soil erosion susceptibility associated with seasonally cultivated *** informatic and computational limitations have led many modelling studies to prescribe C-factor values and assume spatial and temporal ***,the multiple influencing factors ranging from parcel-scale crop cultivation and management to regional-scale rainfall regimes motivates new methods to capture this variation when identifying at-risk ***,we define a multi-component method to derive the C-factor by associating time series of canopy and residue surface cover from Sentinel-2 and climate-specific rainfall erosivity with Integrated Administration and Control System(IACS)field parcel data from European Union member states.A scalable and standardised method is emphasised to increase the future interoperability and inter-comparability of soil erosion modelling studies deploying the ***,field parcel simu-lation units with associated crop declarations provide a new reference scale to link predictions of soil erosion risk with specific management decisions and declarations by *** implementing the method on a homogenised subsample of 8600 field parcels covering available IACS regions,several key findings are outlined:1)time series information provides new opportunities to predict the time-criticality of erosion in specific crop cultivations,2)the varying(a-)synchronicity between seasonal crop canopy cover and heavy rainstorms means that spatial variability is inherent within the C-factor across Europe,and 3)the addition of agricultural management practices(*** practice de-scriptions)to open-access IACS repositories can facilitate more comprehensive evaluations of the C-factor and soil erosion risk.

关键词： C-factor Soil erosion Modelling Remote sensing Crop-phenology IACS data Soil conservation Europe

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Using the USLE: Chances, challenges and limitations of soil erosion modelling

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 203-225页

作者： Christine Alewell Pasquale Borrelli Katrin Meusburger panos Panagos Environmental Geosciences University of BaselSwitzerland Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland European Commission Joint Research CenterIspraItaly

To give soils and soil degradation,which are among the most crucial threats to ecosystem stability,social and political visibility,small and large scale modelling and mapping of soil erosion is *** most widely used approaches during an 80year history of erosion modelling are Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type based algorithms which have been applied in 109 *** soil erosion by water (excluding gully erosion and land sliding),we start this review with a statistical evaluation of nearly 2,000 publications).We discuss model developments which use USLE-type equations as basis or side modules,but we also address recent development of the single USLE parameters (R,K,LS,C,P).Importance,aim and limitations of model validation as well as a comparison of USLE-type models with other erosion assessment tools are *** comparisons demonstrate that the application of process-based physical models (e.g.,WEPP or PESERA) does not necessarily result in lower uncertainties compared to more simple structured empirical models such as USLE-type *** identified four key areas for future research:(i) overcoming the principally different nature of modelled (gross) versus measured (net) erosion rates,in coupling on-site erosion risk to runoff patterns,and depositional regime,(ii) using the recent increase in spatial resolution of remote sensing data to develop process based models for large scale applications,(iii) strengthen and extend measurement and monitoring programs to build up validation data sets,and (iv) rigorous uncertainty assessment and the application of objective evaluation criteria to soil erosion modelling.

关键词： Universal soil loss equation RUSLE CSLE Soil redistribution Soil degradation Water erosion Model Review

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European digital archive on soil maps (EuDASM): preserving important soil data for public free access

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2011年第5期4卷 434-443页

作者： panos Panagos Arwyn Jones Claudio Bosco PSSenthil Kumar Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Institute for Environment and SustainabilityIspra(VA)Italy Department of Soil Science&Agricultural Chemistry Faculty of AgricultureAnnamalai UniversityTamil NaduIndia

Historical soil survey paper maps are valuable resources that underpin strategies to support soil protection and promote sustainable land use practices,especially in developing countries where digital soil information is often ***,many of the soil maps,in particular those for developing countries,are held in traditional archives that are not easily accessible to potential ***,many of these documents are over 50 years old and are beginning to *** the need to conserve this information,the Joint Research Centre(JRC)and the ISRIC-World Soil Information foundation have created the European Digital Archive of Soil Maps(EuDASM),through which all archived paper maps of ISRIC has been made accessible to the public through the *** immediate objective is to transfer paper-based soil maps into a digital format with the maximum possible resolution and to ensure their preservation and easy *** than 6,000 maps from 135 countries have been captured and are freely available to users through a user-friendly web-based *** feedback has been very positive,especially from users in Africa,South America and Asia to whom archived soil maps were made available to local users,often for the first ***:http://***/library/maps/country_maps/list_***.

关键词： soil maps digital archive electronic restoration digital earth online catalogue

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Size effects in two-dimensional layered materials modeled by couple stress elasticity

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 425-443页

作者： Wipavee WONGVIBOONSIN panos AGOURGIOTIS Chung Nguyen VAN Suchart LIMKATANYU Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT Applied Mechanics and Structures Research Unit Department of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Engineeringhulalongkom UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Civil Engineering University of ThessalyPedion AreosVolos GR-38334Greece Faculty of Civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and EducationHo Chi Mirth 721400Vietnam Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringPrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90112Thailand

In the present study,the effect of material microstructure on the mechanical response of a two-dimensional elastic layer perfectly bonded to a substrate is examined under surface *** the current model,the substrate is treated as an elastic half plane as opposed to a rigid base,and this enables its applications in practical cases when the modulus of the layer(e.g.,the coating material)and substrate(e.g.,the coated surface)are *** material microstructure is modeled using the generalized continuum theory of couple stress *** boundary value problems are formulated in terms of the displacement field and solved in an analytical manner via the Fourier transform and stiffness matrix *** results demonstrate the capability of the present continuum theory to efficiently model the size-dependency of the response of the material when the external and internal length scales are ***,the results indicated that the material mismatch and substrate stiffness play a crucial role in the predicted elastic ***,the study also addresses significant discrepancy of the response for the case of a layer resting on a rigid substrate.

关键词： Cosserat layered materials size effects microstructure

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Kairomonal effect of sex pheromone components of two lepidopteran olive pests on Trichogramma wasps

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Insect Science 2009年第2期16卷 131-136页

作者： panos Milonas Basilios E. Mazomenos Maria A. Konstantopoulou Chemical Ecology and Natural Products Laboratory Institute of Biology National Centre of Scientific Research 'Demokritos' Attikis Greece

Egg parasitoids are known to use a wide range of chemicals, emitted by plants, host eggs or adults, for host selection. The effect of the sex pheromone components of the lepidopteran olive pests Prays oleae （Lepidoptera： Yponomeutidae） and Palpita unionalis （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） was studied under laboratory conditions, on the foraging behaviour of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma oleae （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）. The re- sponse of T. oleae wasps to （Z）-7-tetradecenal and （E）-1 l-hexadecenal, major sex phero- mone components ofP. oleae and P. unionalis respectively, depended on the dose of the pheromone used in a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. （E）-11-hexadecenal elicited maximum attraction （70%） at a dose of 1 pg, while a dose of 100 pg （Z）-7-tetradecenal attracted 80% of the tested wasps. （E）-11-hexadecenyl acetate, the second sex pheromone component of P. unionalis, and the binary blend of（E）-i 1-hexadecenyl acetate：（E）-11-hexadecenal （7：3） were not attractive at these doses. The results of this research are discussed in view that they may be considered as alternatives in the biological control of these pests.

关键词： egg parasitoids olive pest semiochemicals Y-tube olfactometer

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Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene,toluene and xylene under UV and visible irradiation over Mn-doped TiO_(2)nanoparticles

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第1期5卷 56-65页

作者： Vassilios Binas Vassilis Stefanopoulos George Kiriakidis panos Papagiannakopoulos Laboratory of Photochemistry and Kinetics Department of ChemistryUniversity of Crete71003HeraklionCreteGreece Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser(IESL) FORTHP.O.Box 1527Vasilika VoutonGR-71110HeraklionGreece Crete Center for Quantum Complexity and Nanotechnology Department of PhysicsUniversity of Crete71003HeraklionGreece

The photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene,toluene and xylene(BTX)over un-doped,0.1 and 1 wt%Mn-TiO_(2)nanoparticles under ultraviolet and visible irradiation was studied in atmosphere of synthetic air or inert *** photocatalytic decomposition efficiency and the oxidation products were determined using a Static Photochemical Reactor coupled with FTIR *** underwent efficient decomposition over Mn-TiO_(2)photocatalysts under UV irradiation,more with oxygen presence and less without *** important toluene and xylene went substantial decomposition over 0.1 mol%Mn-TiO_(2)under visible irradiation with oxygen *** main final oxidation products in the UV photocatalysis of BTX were CO_(2),CO and H2O,with CO_(2) and CO yields 4 and 2 *** conversion percentage of benzene,toluene,and xylene to CO_(2) were 63.6%,56.4%,51.8%,and to CO 29%,26.5%,23.2%,*** the visible photocatalysis of toluene and xylene the yields of CO were *** of carbon containing deposits on TiO_(2)surfaces was observed after extensive UV photocatalysis of toluene and xylene,and such by-products surface coverage may reduce the photocatalytic activity of TiO_(2)*** aspects of the photocatalytic mechanism were examined.

关键词： Mn-doped TiO_(2) Visible Light photocatalysis Photodegradation of benzene Toluene Xylene Indoors air pollution

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