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Analytical model for subthreshold current and subthreshold swing of short-channel double-material-gate MOSFETs with strained-silicon channel on silicon–germanium substrates

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第10期35卷 30-36页

作者： Pramod kumar tiwari Gopi Krishna Saramekala Sarvesh Dubey Anand kumar Mukhopadhyay National Institute of Technology Rourkela Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Electronics and Communication SRM University

The present work gives some insight into the subthreshold behaviour of short-channel double-material- gate strained-silicon on silicon-germanium MOSFETs in terms of subthreshold swing and off-current. The formu- lation of subthreshold current and, thereupon, the subthreshold swing have been done by exploiting the expression of potential distribution in the channel region of the device. The dependence of the subthreshold characteristics on the device parameters, such as Ge mole fraction, gate length ratio, work function of control gate metal and gate length, has been tested in detail. The analytical models have been validated by the numerical simulation results that were obtained from the device simulation software ATLASTM by Silvaco Inc.

关键词： strained-Si channel Si1-xGex substrate dual-metal gate subthreshold current subthreshold swing

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 in Trombay （Mumbai, India）, a coastal industrial area

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Particuology 2018年第2期16卷 143-153页

作者： Sandeep Police Sanjay kumar Sahu Mahesh tiwari Gauri Girish Pandit Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India

PM2.5 and PM2.5 lo concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area （Trombay, Mumbai） were investigated in 2010 and *** PM2.s and PM2.s lo concentra- tions were 13.50-71.60 and 22.40-127.78 p^g/m3, respectively. The daily PM25 concentrations exceeded the Indian Central Pollution Control Board limit （60 μg/m3） several days in winter. Of the elements analyzed, Si then Al had the highest concentrations in PM2.5- 10, but black carbon then Si had the highest concentrations in PM2.s. The element concentrations varied widely by season. Al, Ca, Fe, Si, and Ti con- centrations were highest in summer, Cl, Mg, and Na concentrations were highest in the monsoon season, and the other trace metal concentrations in both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were highest in winter. The PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 sources were apportioned by positive matrix factorization. PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 had six dominant sources, crustal material （8.7% and 25.3%, respectively）, sea salt spray （6.1% and 15.0%, respectively）, coal/biomass combustion （25.5% and 13.8%, respectively）, fuel oil combustion （19.0% and 11.2%, respectively）, road traffic （ 17.7% and 12.6%, respectively）, and the metal industry （ 10.6% and 7.0%, respectively）. Anthropogenic sources clearly contributed most to PM2.5 but natural sources contributed most to PM2.5-10.

关键词： Trombay PM2.5 PM2.5-10 Black carbon Metals Positive matrix factorization

On-current modeling of short-channel double-gate(DG) MOSFETs with a vertical Gaussian-like doping profile

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第5期34卷 46-53页

作者： Sarvesh Dubey Pramod kumar tiwari S.Jit Department of Electronics Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi-221005India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008India

An analytic drain current model is presented for doped short-channel double-gate MOSFETs with a Gaussian-like doping profile in the vertical direction of the channel. The present model is valid in linear and satura- tion regions of device operation. The drain current variation with various device parameters has been demonstrated. The model is made more physical by incorporating the channel length modulation effect. Parameters like transcon- ductance and drain conductance that are important in assessing the analog performance of the device have also been formulated. The model results are validated by numerical simulation results obtained by using the commercially available ATLAS^TM, a two dimensional device simulator from SILVACO.

关键词： drain current DG MOSFET transconductance drain conductance

Appraisal of pollution and health risks associated with coal mine contaminated soil using multimodal statistical and Fuzzy-TOPSIS approaches

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 101-115页

作者： Sumit kumar Sonali Banerjee Saibal Ghosh Santanu Majumder Jajati Mandal pankaj kumar Roy Pradip Bhattacharyya Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit Indian Statistical InstituteGiridih815301India Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University(Talbot Campus)Fern BarrowPooleBH12 5BBUK School of Sciences Engineering & EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordSalfordM5 4QJUK School of Water Resource Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India School of Environmental Studies Jadavpur UniversityKolkata700032India

The present study assesses the concentration,probabilistic risk,source classification,and dietary risk arising from heavy metal(HMs)pollution in agricultural soils affected by coal mining in eastern part of *** of soil and rice plant indicated significantly elevated levels of HMs beyond the permissible limit in the contaminated zones(zone 1:PbSoil:108.24±72.97,CuSoil:57.26±23.91,CdSoil:8.44±2.76,CrSoil:180.05±46.90,NiSoil:70.79±25.06 mg/kg;PbGrain:0.96±0.8,CuGrain:8.6±5.1,CdGrain:0.65±0.42,CrGrain:4.78±1.89,NiGrain:11.74±4.38 mg/*** 2:PbSoil:139.56±69.46,CuSoil:69.89±19.86,CdSoil:8.95±2.57,CrSoil:245.46±70.66,NiSoil:95.46±22.89 mg/kg;PbGrain:1.27±0.84,CuGrain:7.9±4.57,CdGrain:0.76±0.43,CrGrain:8.6±1.58,NiGrain:11.50±2.46 mg/kg)compared to the uncontaminated zone(zone 3).Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were computed based on the HMs concentration in the soil and rice grain,with Pb,Cr,and Ni identified as posing a high risk to human *** Carlo simulation,the solubility-free ion activity model(FIAM),and severity adjusted margin of exposure(SAMOE)were employed to predict health *** hazard quotient(HQ)values for Ni,Cr,Cd,and Pb were>1,indicating a significant non-carcinogenic ***(risk thermometer)results for contaminated zones ranged from low to moderate risk(CrSAMOE:0.05,and NiSAMOE:0.03).Fuzzy-TOPSIS and variable importance plots(from random forest)showed that Ni and Cr were mostly responsible for the toxicity in the rice plant,respectively.A self-organizing map for source classification revealed common origin for the studied HMs with zone 2 exhibiting the highest *** positive matrix factorization model for the source apportionment identified coal mining and transportation as the predominant sources of *** distribution analysis indicated higher contamination near mining sites as compared to distant sampling ***,this study will aid environmental scientists and policymakers controllin

关键词： Coal mine Free ion activity model Monto Carlo Simulation Pollution and Health risk Fuzzy-TOPSIS

Trapezoidal fuzzy model to optimize transportation problem

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第3期7卷 285-292页

作者： Nirbhay Mathur pankaj kumar Srivastava Ajit Paul Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Allahabad Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida

The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy *** present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and transportation cost as trapezoidal fuzzy *** algorithm is found quicker in terms of runtime as comparison to fuzzy VAM discussed in[Kaur A.,kumar A.,A new method for solving fuzzy transportation problem using ranking function,***.35:5652–5661,2011;Ismail Mohideen S.,Senthil kumar P.,A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment,***.2:151–158,2010].On the other hand this technique gives much better results than some classical methods like north-west corner and least cost *** benefit of this algorithm is that for certain transportation problems it directly gives optimal *** is one of the simplest methods to apply and *** usefulness of the new method over other existing methods is demonstrated with two numerical examples.

关键词： Fuzzy transportation problems trapezoidal fuzzy numbers minimum demand-supply optimal solution

Hydro-uvarovite from Mantle Peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite: A Mineral Tracer for Neo-Tethyan Mantle Wedge Metasomatism

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 867-877页

作者： Anisha VERENCAR Abhishek SAHA Nilanjana SORCAR Sohini GANGULY pankaj kumar Atul kumar SINGH CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa 403004India School of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesGoa UniversityTaleigao PlateauGoa 403206India National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Inter University Accelerator Centre(IUAC) New Delhi 110067India North-Eastern Hill University ShillongMeghalaya 793022India

Hydrous Cr-bearing uvarovite garnets are rare in natural occurrences and belong to the ugrandite series and exist in binary solid solutions with grossular and andradite garnets. Here, we report the occurrence of hydrous uvarovite garnet having Cr_(2)O_(3) upto 19.66 wt% and CaO of 32.12–35.14 wt% in the serpentinized mantle peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite(NHO), India. They occur in association with low-Cr diopsides. They are enriched in LILE(Ba, Sr), LREEs, with fractionating LREE-MREE [avg.(La/Sm)_(N) = 2.16] with flat MREE/HREE patterns [avg.(Sm/Yb)_(N) = 0.95]. Raman spectra indicate the presence of hydroxyl(OH^(–)) peaks from 3500 to 3700 cm^(-1). Relative abundances in fluid mobile elements and their close association with clinopyroxenes are suggestive of the formation of uvarovite garnets through low temperature metasomatic alteration of low-Cr diopsides by hydrothermal slab fluids. The high LREE concentration and absence of Eu anomaly in the garnet further attest to alkaline nature of the transporting slab dehydrated fluid rather the involvement of low-p H solution. The chemical characteristics of the hydroxyl bearing uvarovite hosted by the mantle peridotite of NHO deviate from the classical features of uvarovite garnet, and their origin is attributed to the fluid-induced metasomatism of the sub arc mantle wedge in a suprasubduction zone regime.

关键词： uvarovite hydroxyl metasomatic alteration low-Cr diopsides serpentinization mantle peridotite

A prospective analysis of risk factors for pediatric burn mortality at a tertiary burn center in North India

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 199-208页

作者： Amol Dhopte Rahul Bamal Vinay kumar tiwari Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Maxillofacial surgery Government Medical College and Hospital Nagpur 440003 India Department of Burns Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery VMMC&Safdarjung Hospital New Delhi India Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery PGIMER&RML Hospital New Delhi India

Background:None of the available mortality predicting models in pediatric burns precisely predicts outcomes in every population. Mortality rates as well as their risk factors vary with regions and among different centers within the regions. The aim of this study was to identify socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for mortality in pediatric burns in an effort to decrease the mortality in these patients. Methods:A prospective analytical study was conducted in patients up to the age of 18 years admitted for burn injuries in a tertiary care burn center in India from January to December 2014. Clinical and demographic data was col ected through questionnaire-interview and patient fol ow-up during their stay in the hospital. Univariate and multivariate firth logistic regression was used to identify various risk factors for mortality in pediatric burns. Results:A total of 475 patients were admitted during the study period. Overal mortality was 31.3%(n=149) in this study. Mean age of the patients who died was 8.68 years. Of the 149 deaths, 74 were males and 75 were females (male to female ratio=0.98). Mean total body surface area (TBSA) involved of the patients who expired was 62%. Inhalational injury was seen in 15.5%(n=74) of pediatric burn admissions. Mortality was significantly higher (74.3%) in patients with inhalation injury. Mortality was highest in patients with isolates of Acinetobacter + Klebsiella (58.3%), followed by Pseudomonas + Klebsiella (53.3%), Acinetobacter (31.5%), and Pseudomonas (26.3%) (p < 0.0005). Factors found to be significant on univariate firth analysis were older age, female gender, suicidal burns, higher TBSA, presence of inhalation injury, increased depth of burn, and positive microbial cultures. On multivariate analysis, higher TBSA was identified as an independent risk factor for mortality. The adjusted odds ratios for TBSA involvement was 21.706 (25.1-50%), 136.195 (50.1-75%), and 1019.436 (75.1-100%), respectively. Conclusion: TBSA

关键词： Pediatric burns Mortality Risk factors Microbiological cultures India

On the nonclassical dynamics of cavity-assisted four-channel nonlinear coupler

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第11期27卷 498-505页

作者： Rafael Julius Abdel-Baset M A Ibrahim pankaj kumar Choudhury Hichem Eleuch Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Perak Tapah Campus Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences Abu Dhabi University Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station

The non-classical properties of light propagating in four-channel Kerr waveguides, confined in an optical cavity, are studied. The solution to the Hamiltonian of field operators is obtained semi-analytically by using symmetrically ordered phase-space representation. Full quantum analysis of the input coherent fields displays a strong transition of photon property between the super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian statistics. It is found that the cavity-assisted multichannel system exhibits enhanced squeezing both in single-and compound-mode. This multichannel system may be utilized as an efficient quantumlight generator.

关键词： squeezed states Kerr effects Langevin equation

Dengue:epidemiology,prevention and pressing need for vaccine development

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第12期3卷 997-1000页

作者： Kuldeep kumar pankaj kumar Singh Juhi Tomar Swati Baijal UCL Centre for International Health and Development Institute of Child Health 30 Guilford StreetLondon WC1N 1EHUK Department of Medical Physics and Neurosurgery Royal Hallamshire hospitalSheffieldUK Medical Education Centre Northern General HospitalSheffieldUK Cambridge School SriniwaspuriNew DelhiIndia 110065

Dengue fever is a mosquito born viral infection,and the complicated form of dengue is dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF).In the recent decades incidence and distribution of dengue has increased *** viruses belong to family flaviviridae with four serotypes and are transmitted mainly by mosquito Aedes *** almost two-fifth of world’s population (2.5 million) is at risk of dengue and no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available against *** population growth in Africa and South East Asia has increased number of susceptible hosts in urban and semi urban *** 40%of world population resides in the high risk area for dengue *** to latest estimates by WHO,yearly 50 to 100 million infections occur globally,this includes around 500 000 DHF and 22 000 deaths,mostly among *** symptomatic treatment in the form of analgesic,antipyretics and body fluid management is provided to the *** strategies mainly focus on two approaches, firsdy on activities to control vector and secondly on activities to protect human from mosquito bite but there is always concerns regarding their sustainably and *** development of an effective dengue vaccine is feasible and production of an effective and affordable vaccine could be a viable option to save humans from this dreadful disease. Conceptually vaccine production is possible,but it has to be tetravalent,providing immunity against all *** candidate vaccines are in advance stage of their development:however international cooperation is needed to make these vaccines available on cheaper rates to the poor and vulnerable *** of this review is to discuss various aspects related to dengue,its epidemiology,available preventive methods,need for vaccine and challenges in its development.

关键词： Dengue Epidemiology Prevention Vaccine