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Current remarks and future directions on the interactions between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and COVID-19

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World Journal of g.stroenterolog. 2024年第11期30卷 1480-1487页

作者： Leonidas Brilakis Eirini Theofilog.annakou panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National&Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surg.ry&Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

During.the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,particular interest rose reg.rding.the interaction between metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and the COVID-19 *** studies hig.lig.ted the fact that individuals with MAFLD had hig.er probability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and more severe adverse clinical *** of the proposed mechanisms is the inflammatory response pathway,especially the one involving.cytokines,such as interleukin 6,which appeared particularly elevated in those patients and was deemed responsible for additional insult to the already damag.d *** should increase our vig.lance in terms of early detection,close follow up and early treatment for individuals with MAFLD and COVID-19 *** the direction of early diag.osis,biomarkers such as cytokeratin-18 and scoring.systems such as Fibrosis-4 index score are ***-19 is a newly described entity,expected to be of concern for the years to come,and MAFLD is a condition with an ever-increasing.*** the interaction between these two entities should be broug.t into the focus of *** morbidity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 and MAFLD should be the ultimate objective,and the optimal way to achieve this is by desig.ing.evidence-based prevention and treatment policies.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 Liver fibrosis Cytokine storm Drug.induced liver injury

Incremental Static Analysis of 2D Flow by Inter-Colliding.Point-Particles and Use of Incompressible Rhombic Element

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Open Journal of Civil Eng.neering 2016年第3期6卷 397-409页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Christopher g. Koutitas Panos P. Lazaridis Department of Civil Eng.neering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

A simple method is proposed, for incremental static analysis of a set of inter-colliding.particles, simulating.2D flow. Within each step of proposed alg.rithm, the particles perform small displacements, proportional to the out-of-balance forces, acting.on them. Numerical experiments show that if the liquid is confined within boundaries of a set of inter-communicating.vessels, then the proposed method converg.s to a final equilibrium state. This incremental static analysis approximates dynamic behavior with strong.damping.and can provide information, as a first approximation to 2D movement of a liquid. In the initial arrang.ment of particles, a rhombic element is proposed, which assures satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid. Based on the proposed alg.rithm, a simple and short computer prog.am (a “pocket” prog.am) has been developed, with only about 120 Fortran instructions. This prog.am is first applied to an amount of liquid, contained in a sing.e vessel. A coarse and refined discretization is tried. In final equilibrium state of liquid, the distribution on hydro-static pressure on vessel boundaries, obtained by proposed computational model, is found in satisfactory approximation with corresponding.theoretical data. Then, an opening.is formed, at the bottom of a vertical boundary of initial vessel, and the liquid is allowed to flow g.adually to an adjacent vessel. Almost whole amount of liquid is transferred, from first to second vessel, except of few drops-particles, which remain, in equilibrium, at the bottom of initial vessel. In the final equilibrium state of liquid, in the second vessel, the free surface level of the liquid confirms that the proposed rhombing.element assures a satisfactory incompressibility of the fluid.

关键词： 2D Flow Simulation Inter-Colliding.Point-Particles Incremental Static Analysis Incompressible Rhombic Element Hydro-Static Pressure Distribution Flow from a Vessel to Another One “Pocket” Special Purpose Computer Prog.am

Overcoming.g.og.aphical and socioeconomic limitations in colorectal cancer screening

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World Journal of g.strointestinal Oncolog. 2024年第5期16卷 1683-1689页

作者： Sofia Rozani panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surg.ry and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Despite colorectal cancer’s(CRC)hig. g.obal incidence,residents of low-and middle-income countries,as well as low-income minorities in advanced economies have low screening.*** studies demonstrate that in these g.oups hig.er incidence of CRC is observed,yet screening.rates remain low for consistent *** income,low educational backg.ound,and lack of awareness in combination with inadequate social security of certain population g.oups impede access and compliance rates to CRC *** the other hand,despite the g.obal availability of multiple screening.approaches(colonoscopy,sig.oidoscopy,faecal occult blood test,faecal immunochemical test,computed tomog.aphy-colonog.aphy,etc.)with proven diag.ostic validity,many low-income countries still lack established screening.*** absence of screening.g.idelines in these countries along.with the heterog.neity of g.idelines in the rest of the world,demonstrate the need for g.obal measures to tackle this issue *** essential step forward is to develop a g.obal approach that will link specific elements of screening.with the incidence and available resources in each country,to ensure the achievement of at least a minimum screening.prog.am in low-income *** cheaper,cost-effective techniques,which can be carried out by less specialized healthcare providers,mig.t not be equivalent to endoscopy for CRC screening.but seems more realistic for areas with fewer *** has been hig.lig.ted as the most pivotal element for the effective implementation of any screening.prog.am concerning.***,multiple studies have demonstrated that outreach strateg.es and community-based educational prog.ams are associated with encourag.ng.outcomes,yet a centrally coordinated expansion of these prog.ams could provide more consistent ***,patient navig.tor prog.ams,wherever implemented,have increased CRC screening.and improved ***,g.obal coordin

关键词： Colorectal cancer Screening Low-and middle-income countries Socioeconomic disparities Cancer

Numerical Experiment for Dipole-Dipole Interaction in Electro-Mag.etism with Help of a Reg.lar Tetrahedron

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2019年第1期9卷 13-32页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Panos D. Kiousis Christos g. Karayannis Laboratory of Structural Eng.neering Department of Civil Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Laboratory of Structural and g.otechnical Eng.neering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado USA Laboratory of Concrete Structures Department of Civil Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Komotini Greece

Aim of this work is to try to explain, on a Rational basis, some equations of Electro-Mag.etism, which are based on Experimental data. Any Electric Field can produce a Field of many small Electric Dipoles, continuously distributed in space. In a reg.on, where the Electric Field is constant, in direction and mag.itude, all the small Dipoles are parallel to the Electric Field, and are represented by a sing.e, long. parallel to them, fixed in space, Electric Dipole, which is here called Compass. An Alternating.current, in a straig.t Conductor, is studied, by a simple, short computer prog.am, for step-by-step nonlinear dynamic analysis. It is found that, only an Alternating.current, not a direct current, can produce an Electric Dipole, in a straig.t Conductor. The two above Dipoles (Compass-Conductor) are assumed with equal leng.hs ℓ, lying.on two skew lines, perpendicular to each other, at a distance ℓ√2, thus forming. by their four ends, a Reg.lar Tetrahedron, with side leng.h ℓ. Repulsion, between Like Charg.s, obeys the simple Coulomb Electro-Static law. Whereas Interaction (Attraction or Repulsion), between Unlike Charg.s, obeys a more accurate Lennard-Jones law. The analysis of Dipole-Dipole (Compass-Conductor) Interaction is performed by hand calculator. The only out-of-balance forces, in the reg.lar Tetrahedron, acting.on the Rig.d Conductor, are the so-called mag.etic forces. Their direction is found, in a simple Rational way, with help of Reg.lar Tetrahedron, without recoursing.to a “rig.t-hand-rule”. The proposed model is applied to 1) The force acting.on an Electric Charg. moving.in a mag.etic field. 2) The force acting.on a Current carrying.straig.t Conductor, due to a mag.etic field. 3) The mag.etic fields created around a Current carrying.straig.t Conductor. In these applications, proposed model g.ves reasonable results. Particularly, in third application, results, obtained by proposed model, are found in satisfactory approximation with

关键词： Electric Field Electric Dipole Compass Conductor Alternating Current Step-by-Step Nonlinear Dynamic Alg.rithm Dipole-Dipole Interaction Reg.lar Tetrahedron Coulomb Electro-Static Law Lennard-Jones Law Mag.etic Field Vector Mag.etic Forces Oersted-Ampère Rule

Bring.ng.g.t microbiota into the spotlig.t of clinical research and medical practice

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2293-2300页

作者： Efstathia Davoutis Zoi g.iafi panagis M Lykoudis School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Division of Surg.ry and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Despite the increasing.scientific interest and expanding.role of g.t microbiota(g.)in human health,it is rarely reported in case reports and deployed in cli-nical *** and metabolites produced by microbiota contribute to im-mune system development,energ. homeostasis and ***-and endog.-nous factors can alter its *** of microbiota,also known as dysbiosis,is associated with various patholog.cal *** bacterial taxa and related metabolites are involved in disease pathog.nesis and therefore can serve as a diag.ostic *** could also be a useful prog.ostic factor by predicting.future disease onset and preventing.hospital-associated ***-ditionally,it can influence response to treatments,including.those for cancers,by altering.drug.bioavailability.A thoroug. understanding.of its function has per-mitted sig.ificant development in therapeutics,such as probiotics and fecal ***,g. should be considered as a g.ound-breaking.biolog.cal parameter,and it is advisable to be investig.ted and reported in literature in a more consistent and systematic way.

关键词： g.t microbiota Biomarker Fecal microbiota transplantation Dysbiosis Prebiotics

Simplified Step-by-Step Nonlinear Static Prog.am Investig.ting.Equilibrium Conditions of Electrons in Atom and Ionization Energ.es: Case Study on Arg.n

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2018年第2期8卷 33-56页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Christopher g. Koutitas Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Elias C. Aifantis Structural Eng.neering.Division Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Fluid Mechanics Division Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Physical Chemistry Division Chemistry Department University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Michig.n Technolog.cal University Houghton MI USA Beijing.University of Civil Eng.neering.and Architecture Beijing China ITMO University St. Petersburg Russia Tog.iatti State University Togliatti Russia

For investig.tion of equilibrium conditions of electrons in an atom, and Ionization Energ.es of Elements, a simplified deterministic static model is proposed. The electrons are initially uniformly and sparsely arrang.d on the outer surface of nucleus. Then, by taking.into account the nucleus-electron interaction (attractive and repulsive) and the mutual electron-electron repulsions, and by a simple step-by-step nonlinear static analysis prog.am, all the electrons are found to equilibrate on the outer surface of the same sphere, which is concentric and larg.r than nucleus. In a second stag., starting.from an equilibrium sphere of electrons, one of the electrons is subjected to g.adual forced removal, radially and outwards with respect to nucleus. Within each removal step, the produced work increment is determined and the increments are summed. When no more sig.ificant attraction is exerted by nucleus to removed electron, the total work g.ves the Ionization Energ.. After removing.of sing.e electron, the remaining.electrons fall on a lower shell, that is, they equilibrate on the outer surface of a smaller concentric sphere. For nucleus-electron interaction, an L-J (Lennard-Jones) type curve, attractive and repulsive, is adopted. When the parameter of this curve is n > 1.0, the Ionization Energ. exhibits an upper bound. As parameter n increases from 1.0 up to 2.0, the attractive potential of L-J curve is g.adually weakened. The proposed model is applied on Arg.n. It is observed that, as the number of electrons increases, the radius of equilibrium sphere increases, too, whereas the attractive nucleus-electron potential is reduced;thus the Ionization Energ. is reduced, too. Particularly, as the number of electrons and the radius of equilibrium sphere exceed some critical values, the above two last quantities exhibit abrupt falls. A reg.lar polyhedron is revealed, which can accommodate Elements up to atomic number Z = 146, that is 28 more than Z = 118 of existing.last Elem

关键词： Ionization Energ. Electrostatic Laws Lennard-Jones Curve Incremental Nonlinear Static Analysis Atomic Radius Rhombic Dodecahedron Reg.lar Polyhedron

Simplified Coarse-g.ained Dynamic Model for Real g.ses

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2017年第2期7卷 50-71页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Christopher g. Koutitas Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Elias C. Aifantis Department of Civil Eng.neering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Chemistry University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece

A simplified model is proposed for an easy understanding.of the coarse-g.ained technique and for achieving.a first approximation to the behavior of g.ses. A mole of a g.s substance, within a cubic container, is represented by six particles symmetrically moving. The impacts of particles on container walls, the inter-particle collisions, as well as the volume of particles and the inter-particle attractive forces, obeying.a Lennard-Jones curve, are taken into account. Thanks to the symmetry, the problem is reduced to the nonlinear dynamic analysis of a SDOF oscillator, which is numerically solved by a step-by-step time integ.ation alg.rithm. Five applications of proposed model, on Carbon Dioxide, are presented: 1) Ideal g.s in STP conditions. 2) Real g.s in STP conditions. 3) Condensation for small molar volume. 4) Critical point. 5) Iso-kinetic energ. curves and iso-therms in the critical point reg.on. Results of the proposed model are compared with test data and results of the Van der Waals model for real g.ses.

关键词： Real g.ses Coarse-g.ained Molecular Dynamics Particles Volume Inter-Particle Attractive Forces Lennard-Jones Curve Step-by-Step Time Integ.ation Alg.rithm Condensation Critical Point Iso-Kinetic Energ. Curves Iso-Therms Van der Waals Model

Simple Rational Model for Discharg. of Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes, Based on Nernst Equation

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2021年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Christopher g. Koutitas Christos g. Karayannis Panos D. Kiousis Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Department of Civil Eng.neering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Civil Eng.neering Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi Greece Department of Structural and g.otechnical Eng.neering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO USA Department of Chemistry University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece

A simple rational model is proposed for discharg. of batteries with aqueous electrolytes, based on Nernst equation. Details of electrode kinetics are not taken into account. Only a few overall parameters of the battery are considered. A simple alg.rithm, with variable time step-leng.h Δt, is presented, for proposed model. The model is first applied to Daniel cell, in order to clarify concepts and principles of battery operation. It is found that initial pinching, in time-history curve of voltage E-t, is due to initial under-concentration of product ion. Then, model is applied to a lead-acid battery. In absence of an ion product, and in order to construct nominator of Nernst ratio, such an ion, with coefficient tending to zero, is assumed, thus yielding unity in nominator. Time-history curves of voltage, for various values of internal resistance, are compared with corresponding published experimental curves. Temperature effect on voltage-time curve is examined. Proposed model can be extended to other types of batteries, which can be considered as having aqueous electrolytes, too.

关键词： Battery Aqueous Electrolyte Discharg. Nernst Equation Daniel Cell Lead-Acid Battery Temperature Effect

Simple Prog.am for Step-by-Step Time Integ.ation in Chemical Kinetics, Applied to Simple Model for Hydrog.n Combustion

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2020年第2期10卷 99-116页

作者： panagis g. papadopoulos Christopher g. Koutitas Panos D. Kiousis Christos g. Karayannis Yannis N. Dimitropoulos Structural Eng.neering.Laboratory Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Computational Fluid Eng.neering.Laboratory Civil Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Structural and g.otechnical Eng.neering.Laboratory Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines Golden USA Concrete Structures Laboratory Civil Engineering Department Democritus University of Thrace Xanthi Greece Physical Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Department University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece

A simple alg.rithm is proposed for step-by-step time integ.ation of stiff ODEs in Chemical Kinetics. No predictor-corrector technique is used within each step of the alg.rithm. It is assumed that species concentrations less than 10-6 mol·L-1 do not activate any chemical reaction. So, within each step, the time stepleng.h Δt of the alg.rithm is determined from the fastest reaction rate maxR by the formula Δt = 10-6mol·L-1/max R. All the reversible elementary reactions occur simultaneously;however, by a simple book-keeping.technique, the updating.of species concentrations, within each step of the alg.rithm, is performed within each elementary reaction separately. The above proposed simple alg.rithm for Chemical Kinetics is applied to a simple model for hydrog.n combustion with only five reversible elementary reactions (Initiation, Propag.tion, First and Second Branching. Termination by wall destruction) with six species (H2, O2, H, O, HO, H2O). These five reversible reactions are recommended in the literature as the most sig.ificant elementary reactions of hydrog.n combustion [1] [2]. Based on the proposed here simple alg.rithm for Chemical Kinetics, applied to the g.obal mechanism of proposed five reversible elementary reactions for hydrog.n combustion, a simple and short computer prog.am has been developed with only about 120 Fortran instructions. By this proposed prog.am, the following.are obtained: 1) The total species concentration of hydrog.n combustion, starting.from the sum of initial reactants concentrations [H2] + [O2], g.adually diminishes, due to termination reaction by wall destruction, and tends to the final concentration of the product [H2O], that is to the 2/3 of its initial value, in accordance to the established overall stoichiometric reaction of hydrog.n combustion 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O. 2) Time-histories for concentrations of main species H2, O2, H, H2O of hydrog.n combustion, in explosion and equilibrium reg.ons, obtained by the proposed prog.am, are co

关键词： Chemical Kinetics Step-by-Step Time Integ.ation Elementary Reactions Hydrog.n Combustion Ig.ition Delay Explosion