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Viral hepatitis update: Progress and perspectives

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第26期27卷 4018-4044页

作者： María B Pisano Cecilia G Giadans Diego M Flichman Viviana E Ré María V Preciado pamela valva Virology Institute CONICETSchool of Medical SciencesNational University of CórdobaCordoba X5016Argentina Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies(IMIPP)CONICET-GCBA Laboratory of Molecular BiologyPathology DivisionRicardo Gutiérrez Children’s HospitalCABA C1425Buenos AiresArgentina Institute of Biomedical Investigations in Retrovirus and AIDS(INBIRS) School of MedicineUniversity of Buenos AiresCONICETCABA C1121ABGBuenos AiresArgentina

Viral hepatitis,secondary to infection with hepatitis A,B,C,D,and E viruses,are a major public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and *** the huge medical advances achieved in recent years,there are still points of conflict concerning the pathogenesis,immune response,development of new and more effective vaccines,therapies,and *** review focuses on the most important research topics that deal with issues that are currently being solved,those that remain to be solved,and future research *** hepatitis A virus we will address epidemiology,molecular surveillance,new susceptible populations as well as environmental and food *** the case of hepatitis B virus,we will discuss host factors related to disease,diagnosis,therapy,and vaccine *** hepatitis C virus,we will focus on pathogenesis,immune response,direct action antivirals treatment in the context of solid organ transplantation,issues related to hepatocellular carcinoma development,direct action antivirals resistance due to selection of resistanceassociated variants,and *** hepatitis D virus,we describe diagnostic methodology,pathogenesis,and ***,for hepatitis E virus,we will address epidemiology(including new emerging species),diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment,the development of a vaccine,and environmental surveillance.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis D virus Hepatitis E virus

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Chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Serum biomarkers inpredicting liver damage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1367-1381页

作者： pamela valva Daniela A Ríos Elena De Matteo Maria V Preciado Laboratory of Molecular Biology Pathology DivisionHospital de Niños Ricardo GutiérrezBuenos Aires C1425EFDArgentina

Currently, a major clinical challenge in the management of the increasing number of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected patients is determining the best means for evaluating liver impairment. Prognosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C(CHC) are partly dependent on the assessment of histological activity, namely cell necrosis and inflammation, and the degree of liver fibrosis. These parameters can be provided by liver biopsy; however, in addition to the risks related to an invasive procedure, liver biopsy has been associated with sampling error mostly due to suboptimal biopsy size. To avoid these pitfalls, several markers have been proposed as non-invasive alternatives for the diagnosis of liver damage. Distinct approaches among the currently available non-invasive methods are(1) the physical ones based on imaging techniques; and(2) the biological ones based on serum biomarkers. In this review, we discuss these approaches with special focus on currently available non-invasive serum markers. We will discuss:(1) class?Ⅰ?serum biomarkers individually and as combined panels, particularly those that mirror the metabolism of liver extracellular matrix turnover and/or fibrogenic cell changes;(2) class Ⅱ biomarkers that are indirect serum markers and are based on the evaluation of common functional alterations in the liver; and(3) biomarkers of liver cell death, since hepatocyte apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. We highlight in this review the evidence behind the use of these markers and assess the diagnostic accuracy as well as advantages, limitations, and application in clinical practice of each test for predicting liver damage in CHC.

关键词： Serum biomarkers Chronic hepatitis C Liver damage Non-invasive Direct serum markers Indirect serum markers Apoptosis markers

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Hepatitis C virus molecular evolution:Transmission,disease progression and antiviral therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 15992-16013页

作者： Maria Victoria Preciado pamela valva Alejandro Escobar-Gutierrez Paula Rahal Karina Ruiz-Tovar Lilian Yamasaki Carlos Vazquez-Chacon Armando Martinez-Guarneros Juan Carlos Carpio-Pedroza Salvador Fonseca-Coronado Mayra Cruz-Rivera Laboratorio de Biología Molecular División PatologíaHospital de Ni?os "Ricardo Gutiérrez"Buenos Aires C1425EFDArgentina Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos Mexico 01480Mexico Department of Biology Institute of BioscienceLanguage and Exact ScienceS?o Paulo State UniversityS?o José do Rio PretoSP 13560-970Brazil Laboratorio de Inmunobiología de Enfermedades Infecciosas Unidad de Investigación MultidisciplinariaFacultad de Estudios Superiores CuautitlánUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuautitlán IzcalliEstado de México 54714Mexico Departmento de Microbiología y Parasitología Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico City 04510Mexico

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection represents an important public health problem *** of HCV morbidity and mortality is a current challenge owned to several viral and host *** molecular evolution plays an important role in HCV transmission,disease progression and therapy *** high degree of genetic heterogeneity characteristic of HCV is a key element for the rapid adaptation of the intrahost viral population to different selection pressures(e.g.,host immune responses and antiviral therapy).HCV molecular evolution is shaped by different mechanisms including a high mutation rate,genetic bottlenecks,genetic drift,recombination,temporal variations and *** evolutionary processes constantly rearrange the composition of the HCV intrahost population in a staging *** advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling HCV replication have facilitated the development of a plethora of direct-acting antiviral agents against *** a result,superior sustained viral responses have been *** rapidly evolving field of anti-HCV therapy is expected to broad its landscape even further with newer,more potent antivirals,bringing us one step closer to the interferon-free era.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Evolution Phylogenetics Drug resistance Clinical outcome

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