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Porph.romonas gingivalis Resistance to Polymyxin B Is Determined by th. Lipid A 4’-Ph.sph.tase, PGN_0524

International Journal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 126-135页

作者： Steph.n R. Coats Th.o T. To Sumita Jain pamela h. braham Rich.rd P. Darveau Department of Periodontics School of Dentistry University of Washington Seattle USA

Aim To elucidate th. genetic basis for th. pronounced resistance th.t th. oral path.gen, Porph.romonas gingivalis （P. gingivalis）, exh.bits towards th. cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B. Meth.dology A genetic screen of P. gingivalis clones generated by a Tn4400-based random insertion mutagenesis strategy was performed to identify bacteria h.rboring novel genetic mutations th.t render P. gingivalis susceptible to killing by th. cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B （PMB, 50μg·mL^-1）. Results P. gingivalis （ATCC 33277） is unusually resistant to th. cationic antimicrobial peptide, PMB at relatively h.gh.concentrations （200μg·mL^-1）. Approximately 2,700 independent Tn4400 ＇-derived mutants ofP. gingivalis were examined for increased sensitivity to PMB killing at a relatively low dose （50 μg·mL^-1）. A single PMB-sensitive mutant was obtained in th.s ph.notypic screen. We determined th.t th. Tn4400＇ transposon was integrated into th. gene encoding th. lipid A 4＇-ph.sph.tase, PGN 0524, demonstrating th.t th.s insertion event was responsible for its increased susceptibility of th.s clone to PMB-dependent killing. Th. resulting mutant strain, designated 0524-Tn4400＇, was h.gh.y sensitive to PMB killing relative to wild-type P. gingivalis, and exh.bited th. same sensitivity as th. previously ch.racterized strain, 0524KO, wh.ch.bears a genetically engineered deletion in th. PGN_0524 locus. Positive ion mass spectrometric structural （MALDI-TOF MS） analyses revealed th.t lipid A isolates from 0524-Tn4400＂ and 0524KO strains displayed strikingly similar MALDI-TOF MS spectra th.t were substantially different from th. wildtype P gingivalis lipid A spectrum. Finally, intact 0524- Tn4400＇ and 0524KO mutant bacteria, as well as th.ir corresponding LPS isolates, were significantly more potent in stimulating Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）-dependent E-selectin expression in h.man endoth.lial cells relative to intact wild-type P.. gingivalis or its corresponding LPS isolate.

关键词： P. gingivalis antimicrobial peptide lipid A ph.sph.tase polymyxin B transposon lipopolysacch.ride

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Impacts of brood parasitism by sh.ny cowbird Moloth.us bonariensis on th. breeding success of a small h.st, th. black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： Lorena Vanesa Sovrano Evelina Jesica Leon Rodrigo Ezequiel Lorenzón pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo h.ctor Beltzer Alejandro Raúl Giraudo Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de Tetrapodos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina Departamento de Biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

Th. sh.ny cowbird Moloth.us bonariensis parasitizes many species with.different life-h.story traits and h.s a detrimental effect on th. survival of th. progeny of th. *** response,h.sts h.ve developed numerous antiparasitic ***,we examined th. effects of brood parasitism by sh.ny cowbird on th. clutch.and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small h.st,th. black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola *** also studied wh.th.r th. death.of parasite nestlings was related to th. care of th. foster parents and wh.th.r th. h.st h.d any antiparasitic defense against th. sh.ny *** results indicate th.t brood parasitism significantly decreased th. h.st h.tch.ng and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and th. intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized *** th. total h.st eggs,54%were *** th. incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by sh.ny cowbirds *** two parasitic fledglings were recorded,wh.le th. remaining nestlings eith.r died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstrate th.t th. sh.ny cowbird h.s very low rates of fledging success wh.n parasitizing black-backed water ***,parasitism h.d a h.gh.reproductive cost in th. black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of th. parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood parasitism h.st defenses nest desertion sh.ny cowbird small h.st.

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Optimization of Stealth.atch.Network Security System for th. Detection and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Smart Grid System

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cofie Joh. h. Fuller Cajetan M. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin F. Foreman pamela h. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Th. Smart Grid is an enh.ncement of th. traditional grid system and employs new tech.ologies and soph.sticated communication tech.iques for electrical power transmission and distribution. Th. Smart Grid’s communication network sh.res information about status of its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). h.wever, th. IEDs connected th.ough.ut th. Smart Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with.th. communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. Th.s development h.s introduced new cyber-security ch.llenges for th. Smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of emerging cyber-th.eats and security incidents th.t h.ve occurred recently all over th. world. Th. purpose of th.s research.is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service [DDoS] with.application to th. Electrical Smart Grid System by deploying an optimized Stealth.atch.Secure Network analytics tool. In th.s paper, th. DDoS attack in th. Smart Grid communication networks was modeled using Stealth.atch.tool. Th. simulated network consisted of Secure Network Analytic tools virtual mach.nes (VMs), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and Target VMs. Finally, th. experiments and simulations were performed, and th. research.results sh.wed th.t Stealth.atch.analytic tool is very effective in detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in th. Smart Grid System with.ut causing any blackout or sh.tdown of any internal systems as compared to oth.r tools such.as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST Framework, OMNeT++, INET Framework, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, M5 Simulator, OPNET, PLC & TIA Portal management Software wh.ch.do not h.ve th. capability to do so. Also, using Stealth.atch.tool to create a security baseline for Smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security h.giene.

关键词： Smart Grid System Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems Detection Mitigation and Stealth.atch

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Modeling th. Drying Kinetics of Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh.

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第6期14卷 1425-1436页

作者： Nadia pamela Gladys Pambou-Tobi Arnaud Wenceslas Geoffroy Tamba Sompila Mich.l Elenga Reyes h.rdenn Gampoula Gloire h.riane Louya Banzouzi Sylvia Petronille Ntsossani National Institute for Research.in Engineering Sciences Innovation and Technology Brazzaville Congo National Polytech.ic Sch.ol Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Pole of Excellence in Food and Nutrition Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

We set out to model th. oven-drying kinetics of a legume known as pigeon pea, h.rvested in th. Bouenza department in th. south.west of th. Republic of Congo. Th. drying kinetics of pigeon peas was carried out in an oven under experimental conditions using temperatures of: 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. Seven math.matical models were used to describe pigeon pea drying. During drying, water loss was faster and sh.rter at 70°C [10.446 g/25 g wet weigh. (wwb) for 320 min (5.3 h.] compared to 50°C [10.996 g/25 g wet weigh. (wwb) for 520 min (8.6 h.] and 60°C [10.616 g/25 g wet weigh. (wwb) for 420 min (7.0 h.] wh.re it was slower and longer. With.regard to modeling, and based on th. principle of ch.osing th. righ. model focusing on th. h.gh.value of R2 and low values of χ2 and RMSE, two models were selected, th. Midili model for temperatures of 50°C and 60°C and th. h.nderson and Pabis model modified for temperature of 70°C sh.wed better results. Th. R2, χ2 and RMSE values calculated for pigeon pea are 0.99985, 3.93404E-5 and 0.00627;0.9997, 9.245E-5 and 0.00962;0.99996, 1.56332E-5 and 0.00395 respectively at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C.

关键词： Cajanus cajan Legume Kinetic Models Drying

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Multimodal imaging in Purtsch.r-like retinopath. associated with.sarcoidosis:a case report

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International Journal of Oph.h.lmology(English.edition) 2022年第5期15卷 845-847页

作者： h.la Kaoual Inés h.ch.ch. Ilh.m Mili Boussen Imène Zh.oua-braham Mejdi Boukari Raja Zh.oua Department of Oph.h.lmology Charles Nicolle University HospitalTunis 1007Tunisia Faculty of Medicine of Tunis University of Tunis-El ManarTunis 1006Tunisia

Dear Editor,We report a case of Purtsch.r-like retinopath.(PLR)in th. presence of acute pancreatitis secondary to *** our knowledge,th.s is th. first case report of a PLR in a patient with.sarcoidosis.

关键词： acute sarcoidosis Purtsch.r

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Research.on Bank’s Efficiency and Productivity in Central Africa During th. Recent Years

Research on Bank’s Efficiency and Productivity in Central A...

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作者： BOGOLE BETEL BERO SOSTh.NE braham（毕哥）湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

CEMAC区位于非洲中部,属于中非地区,该地区有六个国家,分别是喀麦隆,中非共和国,加蓬,刚果,赤道几内亚和乍得,面积为3 020 144平方公里,人口共5080万。中非国家和世界上任何其他国家一样,银行机构在经济发展中起了重要作用。银行的筹款... 详细信息

CEMAC区位于非洲中部,属于中非地区,该地区有六个国家,分别是喀麦隆,中非共和国,加蓬,刚果,赤道几内亚和乍得,面积为3 020 144平方公里,人口共5080万。中非国家和世界上任何其他国家一样,银行机构在经济发展中起了重要作用。银行的筹款活动主要是领取储蓄和发放信贷的方式,通过其从公众筹集资金等活动为经济注入了活力。因此,银行的活动主要是针对短期,中期和长期业务和个人的贷款业务,然后再进行清算业务,并向客户支付存款或取款。作为宏观层面资源分配的原始参与者,银行是贷款资本。其奖励在特定时期内向任何规模的企业提供奖励或经济援助,并按借出的金额按比例支付利息,银行服务也成为社会繁荣的前景。在中非地区,筹款活动出现在那些希望卷入国家和次区域经济复苏的银行中。国家银行系统是强大国家的保障,其中也涉及到与其他国家的合作。受中非银行法管辖区域经济和货币联盟（CAEMU）,CEMAC的银行业主要包括五十二家银行:十四家在喀麦隆,四家在中非共和国,十一家在刚果共和国,十家在加蓬共和国,八家在共和国乍得,五家在赤道几内亚共和国。此外,还有许多小额信贷机构。商业银行通过确保需要资金的生产部门能够从拥有最多资金的人那里获得资金,在稳定国民经济方面发挥着非常重要的作用.根据不断完善的银行和金融环境,本研究旨在衡量CEMAC商业银行从2010年至2016年这七年的生产率变化。在这项研究中,通过Malmquist生产率指数（MPI）研究了效率和生产率变化的性质。Malmquist生产力指数具有用于绩效测量的组件;如技术效率的变化,技术变革的变化,纯技术效率的变化,规模效率的变化以及全要素生产率的变化因此,我们根据P II指数开发了一个新的综合Malmquist指数来估算全要素生产率增长及其组成部分。实证结果表明,与效率的变化相比,全要素生产率（TFP）显着增加了行业,并且变化被证明是CEMAC子区域商业银行更重要的生产率增长来源。在这方面,有人指出,自由化的财政资源并没有提高CEMAC区商业银行的技术效率。论文的结构如下:本论文由五个章节组成。第一章介绍了论文的总体介绍,论文的结构和主要研究目的。第一章回顾了以前关于Malmquist生产力指数及其分解的文献,数据包络分析,实证分析和方法论。第三章介绍了CEMAC子区域的银行业,不同数据的表示,数据的选择,根据DEA或Malmquist生产指数对数据的分析。第四章介绍了分析然后讨论结果。第五章提供了总结,结论和建议。这篇论文围绕的主要研究问题是:生产力是多少?效率如何?根据Malmquist指数,银行的效率和生产率是多少?CEMAC的商业银行是否高效且富有成效?我们如何衡量其效率和生产水平?我们将集中反思这些不同的问题。根据英语词典柯林斯,一个假设是一个想法,被建议作为特定情况或条件的可能解释,但尚未被证明是正确的。在研究中,假设可以被定义为对研究问题的初步解释,研究的可能结果,或对研究结果的有根据的猜测（Sarantakos,1993:1991）。这是一个特定的,可测试的预测,我们期望在研究中发生什么。就本主题而言,我们的研究将设立四个假设:h.:CEMAC的商业银行效率高,生产效率高。h.:CEMAC的商业银行效率高,生产率低。h.:CEMAC的商业银行效率很高,但效率不高。h.:CEMAC的商业银行生产率高但效率低。本文将通过银行业的观察,样本和案例研究中非商业银行的效率和生产率增长,并试图找到一个合适的模型,以避免他们面临的财务困难。值得注意的是,银行的财务业绩是投资者或债权人,公司借款人和政府最为关注的部分。通过对其陈述的严格评估,他们不断尝试评估这些银行的财务成功以及他们在市场中长期生存的可能性。应该指出的是,过去三十年的财务失败主要是由经济周期,放松管制和技术创新驱动的,在某些情况下是财务管理不善和欺诈。因此,为了衡量中非银行的有效性,我们将使用Malmquist基于“P指数II”的综合数据处理,以估算全要素生产率增长及其组成部分和评估方法以及实证分析。衡量生产力变化是处理金融机构效率和绩效时需要考虑的一个重要方面。预计银行和金融机构将随着金融部门放松管制创新的结果而显示生产率变化,因此应正确衡量技术效率和技术效率。DEA的另一个方面是Malmquist生产率指数（MPI）,尤其是在关注非参数方法的低效率方面时。Malmquist全要素生产率假设生产者在投入方面的竞争行为。Malmquist全要素生产率指数是评估生产率变化的最常用方法之一。该指数首先由Malmquist（1953）开发,并衡量总产出相对于投入的变化。Berg,Forsund和Jansen（1992）将Malmquist指数作为衡量银行业生产率变化的指标。在1980-1989放松管制期间,他们关注挪威的银行系统。他们的结果

关键词：数据包络分析(DEA) CEMAC银行反有效边界综合Malmquist指数评估表现

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Kitch.n waste valorization th.ough.a mildtemperature pretreatment to enh.nce biogas production and fermentability:Kinetics study in mesoph.lic and th.rmoph.lic regimen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 167-179页

作者： Agata Gallipoli Camilla MBraguglia Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecch.o pamela Pagliaccia Water Research.Institute IRSA-CNR Area Della Ricerca RM100015 MonterotondoRomaItaly

Biowaste valorization th.ough.anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to ach.eve both.climate protection goals and renewable energy *** th.s paper,a complete set of batch.trials was carried out on kitch.n waste to investigate th. effects of mild th.rmal pretreatment,temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum *** pretreatment was effective in th. solubilisation of macromolecular fractions,particularly *** ability of th. th.oretical meth.dologies in estimating h.drogen and meth.ne yields of complex substrates was evaluated by comparing th. experimental results with.th. th.oretical *** th. single batch.configuration,a significant initial h.drogen production was observed,prior to meth.ne *** pretreatment effect was th. gain in h.drogen production;th. extent was h.gh.y variable according to th. oth.r parameters *** h.drogen yields,up to 113 mL h./g VSfed,were related to th. prompt transformation of soluble *** regimen resulted,as expected,in faster digestions(up to 78 mL Ch./gVS/day) and sorted out ph.*** relatively low meth.ne yields(342-398 mL Ch./g VSfed) were th. result of th. consistent lignocellulosic content and low lipid *** pretreatment proved to be a promising option for th. enh.ncement of h.drogen production in food waste dark fermentation.

关键词： Kitch.n waste h.drogen Meth.ne Th.rmal pretreatment Kinetics Th.rmoph.lic regimen

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Ph.lippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Oph.h.lmology(English.edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph.D.Tan Gary Joh. V.Mercado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita pamela P.Astudillo Rolando Enrique D.Domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Ch.rmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo Mich.el Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez Joh. Alfred h.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rach.l M.Ng Kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto Department of Oph.h.lmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Department of Oph.h.lmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a compreh.nsive and more representative national data on th. disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with.delay in consultation,staging and ***:Coh.rt study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in th. th.ee major areas of th. Ph.lippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and Mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with.71%h.ving unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with.unilateral disease(Ph.se from th. Visayas(Ph. International Retinoblastoma Staging System,only 35%of patients h.d Stage 1 wh.le 47%already h.d extraocular *** was th. most common treatment received by 484 patients wh.le intravenous ch.moth.rapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with.no ***:Th.s study presents th. largest coh.rt of retinoblastoma patients in th. Ph.lippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geograph.cal location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more compreh.nsive data on th. treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in th. country,th. delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in th. Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant th.t overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Ph.lippines clinical profile

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Rapid Prototype with.Field Gate (A Design and Implementation of Stepper Motor Using FPGA)

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第8期7卷 1392-1403页

作者： Warsame h. Ali Emmanuel S. Kolawole pamela Obiomon Joh. h. Fuller Sh.kri Ali Penrose Cofie Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA

Th.s paper presents th. design and implementation of a Stepper Motor using Nexys2 circuit board based on a Xilinx Spartan 3E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device with.Vh.L code. Th. algorith. implemented on FPGA allows a substantial decrease of th. equivalent processing time developed by different velocity controllers. Th. Stepper Speed control is ach.eved using Vh.L code, and th. h.rdware digital circuit is designed for a programmable rotational stepper motor using Vh.L as a tool and FPGA as a target tech.ology. Th. 50 Mh. provided by th. starter kit is divided to obtain th. necessary delay time between th. motor ph.ses th.t ranges between 2 - 10 m seconds. Th.ugh.output selections, th. direction of rotation of th. stepper motor besides th. magnitude of th. angle of movement and th. rotation speed can be controlled. Th. major advantage of using reconfigurable h.rdware (FPGA) in implementing th. Stepper Motor instead of a discrete digital component is th.t it makes modifications to th. design easy and quick and also, th. total design h.nce represents an embedded system (works with.ut computer). Th. total programmable h.rdware design th.t controlled on th. stepper motor movement, occupied an area th.t did not exceed 12% of th. ch.p resources.

关键词： Stepper Motor Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA Xilinx ISE Tools User I/O LEDS PMOD Motion Control Vh.L PLANAh.AD

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Targeting h.F-1α and h.F-2α to Overcome Treatment Resistance Mediated by Oncogenic KRAS in Colorectal Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Th.rapy 2013年第6期4卷 1132-1139页

作者： Eva Gupta Napoleon Santos Yanxia Liu pamela h.vre Nam h. Dang h.ndrik Luesch.Long h. Dang Department of Medicinal Ch.mistry University of Florida Gainesville USA Division of h.matology/Oncology Department of Internal Medicine University of Florida Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Gainesville USA Mayo Clinic Florida Jacksonville USA

Epidermal growth.factor receptor inh.bitors h.ve sh.wn promise in th. treatment of colorectal cancers. h.wever, activating KRAS mutations cause primary resistance to th.se agents and contribute to cancer progression. Downstream signaling of oncogenic KRAS induces activation of h.F-1α and h.F-2α wh.ch.in turn activate genes th.t promote cell proliferation, obstruct cell death. and induce angiogenesis and metabolic adaptation. We will discuss clinical trial results with.EGFR inh.bitors, mech.nism of resistance mediated by oncogenic KRAS, and strategies under clinical development to overcome KRAS-mediated resistance.

关键词： Colon Cancer EGFR KRAS h.F-1α h.F-2

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