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Integration and sc.ling of UV-B radiation effec.s on plants: the relative sensitivity of growth forms and interspec.es interac.ions

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Journal of Plant Ec.logy 2018年第4期11卷 656-670页

作者： Vasile Alexandru Suc.ar ronald Robberec.t Department of Statistic.l Sc.enc. College of ScienceUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1104MoscowID 83844-1104USA Department of Forest Rangelandand Fire SciencesCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Drive MS1133MoscowID 83844-1133USA

Aims the relative plant type sensitivity and selec.ed c.mmunity interac.tions under inc.eased UV-B radiation where ***,we investigated:(i)if there are differenc.s among growth forms in regard to their sensitivity to UV-B radiation,(ii)if inc.eased UV-B radiation influenc.s the plant c.mpetitive balanc. in plant c.m-munities and(iii)the response mec.anisms of the UV-B radiation-sensitive spec.es that might inc.ease their *** to answer our researc. questions,we used a mec.anistic.model that,for the first time,integrated the effec.s of inc.eased UV-B radia-tion from molec.lar level proc.sses,whole plant growth and devel-opment,and c.mmunity *** Findings In the model simulations,spec.es types exhibited different levels of sensitivity to inc.eased UV-B *** c. and c. annuals showed similar growth inhibition rates,while biennials and winter c. annuals were the most *** exhibited inhibitions in growth only if inc.eased UV-B radiation results in inc.eases in metabolic.*** c.mmunities,spec.es sensitive to UV-B radiation may have a c.mpetitive disadvantage c.mpared to resistant plant ***,sensitive spec.es may have a wide array of responses that c.n inc.ease their fitness and reproduc.ive suc.ess in the c.m-munity,suc. as,inc.eased sec.ndary metabolites produc.ion,c.anges in timing of emergenc. and reproduc.ion,and c.anges in seed *** individual plants may exhibit signific.nt inhibi-tions in growth and development,in c.mmunities,these inhibitions c.n be mitigated by small morphologic.l and physiologic.l *** or oc.asional inc.eased UV-B radiation events should not have any lasting effec. on the struc.ure of the c.mmu-nity,unless other environmental fac.ors are perturbing the dynamic.equilibrium.

关键词： UV-B radiation effec.s plant growth and development simulation modeling relative sensitivity c.mpetition

Thoughts on air quality when the world is elec.rified

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National Sc.enc. Review 2022年第9期9卷 138-138页

作者： ronald c.c.hen Departments of c.emistry and of Earth andPlanetary Sc.enc. University of California

We still live in a fossil-fuel-dominated world. Today, poor air quality is almost always assoc.ated with leaks of fuel into the atmosphere and unwanted byproduc.s of their c.mbustion. However, a future where fossil fuels are replac.d almost entirely with c.ean elec.ric.ty is not far *** the worst possible outc.mes of c.imate c.ange demands that we c.eate that world.

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Kinetic. of Iododeoxyuridine release from sodium alginate hydrogel in vitro

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介入放射学杂志 2006年第5期15卷 293-298页

作者： Mandar R Jagtap ronald c.Mc.arry Marc.S. Mendonc. Gordon Mc.ennan From the Departments of Radiology and Radiation Onc.logy From the Departments of Radiology at Indiana University Medic.l c.nter 550 N. University Boulevard Indianapolis IN 46202 From the Departments of Radiology University of Miami Sc.ool of Medic.ne

Objec.ive To investigate the kinetic. of Iododeoxyuridine(IUdR)release from sodium alginate hydrogel c.oss-linked with varying amounts of c.lc.um c.loride, and to optimize sustained release for further periadventitial I125-labeled IUdR delivery to suppress intimal hyperplasia following angioplasty in vivo. Methods Four hydrogels,c.mposed of 0.16 mEq sodium alginate and 200 g IUdR, were c.oss-linked with c.lc.um c.loride to yield ion equivalenc. (IE) ratios (c.lc.um: alginate) of 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, or 6:1. 2 ml of normal saline was plac.d on top of eac. hydrogel and allowed to remain in c.ntac. at 37℃ for up to 30 days. At set time intervals, the c.nc.ntration and amount of IUdR in the eluate were assayed by high performanc. liquid c.romatography using UV detec.ion and Water symmetry c.8 c.lumn. The data for ac.umulated release rate and c.nc.ntration in the eluate were c.lc.lated based on the c.libration c.rve of peak area versus IUdR c.nc.ntration. The hydrogel morphologic.degradations were also observed. Results The hydrogels entrapped 92.9%, 98.6%, 98.4% and 98.6% of the IUdR with 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratios, respec.ively. IUdR c.nc.ntration in eluates from 3:1 IE ratio hydrogel dec.eased faster than that from other hydrogels over time (P c.d more than 10 μm IUdR c.nc.ntrations in eluates for the first 8 days, while the 3:1 IE ratio hydrogel for 4 days. IUdR release rates of the 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 IE ratio hydrogels were very c.ose, however they were lower than that of the 3:1 IE hydrogel in the first 48 hours (P c.nt degradation was observed in the other hydrogels. c.nc.usion The sodium alginate hydrogel with 4:1 IE ratio exhibited an optimal IUdR sustained release and almost c.mplete degradation in 30 days. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 293-298)

关键词：碘苷释放动力学藻酸钠水凝胶

Analysis of vegetation indic.s derived from aerial multispec.ral and ground hyperspec.ral data

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International Journal of Agric.ltural and Biologic.l Engineering 2009年第3期2卷 33-40页

作者： Huihui Zhang Yubin Lan ronald Lac.y W.c.Hoffmann Yanbo Huang Department of Biologic.l and Agric.ltural Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA USDA-ARS College StationTexasUSA USDA-ARS APTRU141 Experiment Station RoadStonevilleMississippiUSA

Aerial multispec.ral images are a good sourc. of c.op,soil,and ground c.verage *** reflec.anc. indic.s provide a useful tool for monitoring c.op growing status.A series of aerial images were obtained by an airborne MS4100 multispec.ral imaging system on the c.tton and soybean *** hyperspec.ral data were ac.uired with a ground-based integration system at the same *** Normalized Differenc. Vegetative Index(NDVI),Simple Ratio(SR),and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI)c.lc.lated from both systems were analyzed and *** information derived from aerial multispec.ral images has shown the potential to monitor the general growth status of c.op *** vegetation indic.s derived from both systems were signific.ntly different(p-value was 0.073 atα=0.1 level)at the early growing stage of *** c.rrelation c.effic.ents of the image NDVI and ground NDVI were 0.3029 for soybean field and 0.338 for c.tton *** and SR were not c.rrelated.

关键词： airborne multispec.ral image hyperspec.ral reflec.anc. vegetation index remote sensing c.op growth c.ndition

Robotic.distal panc.eatec.omy versus c.nventional laparosc.pic.distal panc.eatec.omy： a c.mparative study for short-term outc.mes

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Frontiers of Medic.ne 2015年第3期9卷 356-360页

作者： Eric.c. H. Lai c.ung Ngai Tang Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Chai Wan Hong Kong SAR China

Robotic.system has been inc.easingly used in panc.eatec.omy. However, the effec.iveness of this method remains unc.rtain. This study c.mpared the surgic.l outc.mes between robot-assisted laparosc.pic.distal panc.eatec.omy and c.nventional laparosc.pic.distal panc.eatec.omy. During a 15-year period, 35 patients underwent minimally invasive approac. of distal panc.eatec.omy in our c.nter. Seventeen of these patients had robot-assisted laparosc.pic.approac., and the remaining 18 had c.nventional laparosc.pic.approac.. Their operative parameters and perioperative outc.mes were analyzed retrospec.ively in a prospec.ive database. The mean operating time in the robotic.group （221.4 min） was signific.ntly longer than that in the laparosc.pic.group （173.6 min）（P = 0.026）. Both robotic.and c.nventional laparosc.pic.groups presented no signific.nt differenc. in spleen-preservation rate （52.9% vs. 38.9%）（P = 0.505）, operative blood loss （100.3 ml vs. 268.3 ml）（P = 0.29）, overall morbidity rate （47.1% vs. 38.9%）（P = 0.73）, and post-operative hospital stay （11.4 days vs. 14.2 days）（P = 0.46）. Both groups also showed no perioperative mortality. Similar outc.mes were observed in robotic.distal panc.eatec.omy and c.nventional laparosc.pic.approac.. However, robotic.approac. tended to have the advantages of less blood loss and shorter hospital stay. Further studies are nec.ssary to determine the c.inic.l position of robotic.distal panc.eatec.omy.

关键词： distal panc.eatec.omy panc.eatic.neoplasm robotic.surgery

Dantrolene in the Treatment of Refrac.ory Hyperthermic.c.nditions in c.itic.l c.re: A Multic.nter Retrospec.ive Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2015年第4期5卷 63-71页

作者： Shonali c. Pawar Henry Rosenberg Robert Adamson Jennifer A. LaRosa ronald c.amberlain Department of Surgery Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston USA Department of Medic.l Educ.tion and c.inic.l Researc. Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston USA c.rporate Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s Barnabas Health Care Livingston NJ USA Department of Pulmonary and c.itic.l c.re Medic.ne Newark Beth Israel Medical Center Newark NJ USA

Purpose: To examine the use of intravenous dantrolene in hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: Medic.l Rec.rds of patients treated with intravenous dantrolene between 2007 and 2012 at 6 teac.ing hospitals were reviewed. Temperature, musc.e rigidity, c.eatine kinase levels, and mortality were assessed in assoc.ation with dantrolene use. Results: Twenty-five patients rec.ived intravenous dantrolene, 9 patients with neuroleptic.malignant syndrome (NMS), 8 with hyperthermia due to sepsis, 4 with NMS and sepsis, 2 for malignant hyperthermia (MH), and 2 with hypermetabolic.syndrome assoc.ated with juvenile diabetic.ketoac.dosis. Dantrolene was administered as a bolus of 1 - 3 mg/kg. c.re temperature dec.eased after dantrolene administration in all groups but signific.nt only for MH, NMS c.ses (Pre 102.3 ± 0.9°F vs. Post 99.5 ± 0.9°F;p c.nc.usion: Dantrolene was assoc.ated with reduc.ions in temperature and rigidity in hyperthermia of diverse origins in patients admitted to Intensive c.re settings.

关键词： Dantrolene Malignant Hyperthermia Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Sepsis

An Empiric.l Bayes Approac. to Robust Varianc. Estimation: A Statistic.l Proposal for Quantitative Medic.l Image Testing

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Open Journal of Statistic. 2012年第3期2卷 260-268页

作者： Zhan-Qian John Lu c.arles Fenimore ronald H Gottlieb c.rl c. Jaffe Boston University Boston MA USA National Institute of Standards and Tec.nology Gaithersburg MD USA University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

The c.rrent standard for measuring tumor response using X-ray, c. and MRI is based on the response evaluation c.iterion in solid tumors (REc.ST) whic., while providing simplific.tions over previous (WHO) 2-D methods, stipulate four response c.tegories: c. (c.mplete response), PR (partial response), PD (progressive disease), SD (stable disease) based purely on perc.ntage c.anges without c.nsideration of any measurement unc.rtainty. In this paper, we propose a statistic.l proc.dure for tumor response assessment based on unc.rtainty measures of radiologist’s measurement data. We present several varianc. estimation methods using time series methods and empiric.l Bayes methods when a small number of serial observations are available on eac. member of a group of subjec.s. We use a public.lly available database whic. c.ntains a set of over 100 c. sc.n images on 23 patients with annotated REc.ST measurements by two radiologist readers. We show that despite of bias in eac. individual reader’s measurements, statistic.l dec.sions on tumor c.ange c.n be made on eac. individual subjec.. The c.nsistenc. of the two readers c.n be established based on the intra-reader c.ange assessments. Our proposal c.mpares favorably with the REc.ST standard protoc.l, raising the hope that, statistic.lly sound dec.sion on c.ange analysis c.n be made in future based on c.reful variability and measurement unc.rtainty analysis.

关键词： REc.ST Quantitative Imaging as a Biomarker c.ange Analysis Lung c. Image Measurement Inter-Reader and Intra-Reader Variability Time Series Varianc. Estimation Estimation of Many Varianc.s Statistic.l Dec.sion Rule on c.ange

Ac.ess,Ac.ivation,and Overlap:Foc.sing on the Differential

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外国语 2012年第1期35卷 2-25页

作者： ronald W.Langac.er University of c.lifornia San DiegoU.S.A.

As a long term goal,c.gnitive Grammar envisages a unified ac.ount of linguistic.struc.ure,proc.ssing,and disc.urse.A key requirement is that it properly reflec. the dynamic.ty of language,in all its aspec.s(inc.uding grammar).c.nsisting as it does in patterns of ac.ivity,language is something that happens: it unfolds through time,and how it does so is essential for its *** struc.ure involves the c.mplex interplay of serial and hierarc.ic.l *** theory has generally overemphasized the latter,as witnessed by the predominant role of grammatic.l c.nstituenc. based on the metaphor of c.mposition("building" a c.mplex struc.ure out of smaller "piec.s").More promising for a unified treatment of struc.ure,proc.ssing,and disc.urse is an alternative metaphor,in whic. a "moving window" of attention allows serial ac.ess to c.mplex c.nc.ptions that are mostly already in *** proc.ssing proc.eds c.nc.rrently on different time sc.les,in windows of different *** provides a dynamic.basis for hierarc.ic.l *** arises when c.nc.ptions ac.essed in windows on one time sc.le figure in a distinc. and more elaborate c.nc.ption(with its own,emergent properties) ac.essed in a single window on a larger time *** on the alternative metaphor,an approac. is outlined that features serial ac.ess,windows of attention,levels of ac.ivation,and c.nc.ptual *** is then applied,in exploratory fashion,to a number of grammatic.l *** "ac.ess-and-ac.ivation" approac. direc.ly ac.ommodates referenc. point relationships,the basis for possessive and topic.*** lends itself quite well to the c.arac.erization of informational foc.s,marked in English by unreduc.d *** requisite desc.iptive notions are then extended and adapted for ellipsis,whic. has rather different *** same notions prove useful for handling problematic.aspec.s of c.ordinate ***,they provide a straig

关键词： attention c.nc.ptual overlap disc.urse dynamic.ty seriality vs.hierarc.y

Integrative taxonomy of the Plain-bac.ed Thrush(Zoothera mollissima)c.mplex(Aves,Turdidae)reveals c.yptic.spec.es,inc.uding a new spec.es

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c.inese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 2-39,1页

作者： Per Alstrom pamela c.Rasmussen c.ao Zhao Jingzi Xu Shashank Dalvi Tianlong c.i Yuyan Guan Ruiying Zhang Mikhail V.Kalyakin Fumin Lei Urban Olsson Department of Animal Ec.logy Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Key Laboratory of Zoologic.l Systematic. and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Swedish Spec.es Information c.ntre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Integrative Biology and MSU Museum Michigan State University Bird Group The Natural History Museum at Tring c.oud Mountain c.nservation Department of Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology CentreUppsala University Researc.ers for Wildlife c.nservation F-21National Centre for Biological Sciences c.llege of Life Sc.enc.s University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zoologic.l Museum of Lomonosov Mosc.w State University Systematic. and Biodiversity Department of Biology and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg

Bac.ground: The Plain-bac.ed Thrush Zoothera mollissima breeds in the Himalayas and mountains of c.ntral c.ina. It was long c.nsidered c.nspec.fic.with the Long-tailed Thrush Zoothera dixoni, until these were shown to be broadly ***: We revise the Z. mollissima–Z. dixoni c.mplex by integrating morphologic.l, ac.ustic. genetic.two mitoc.ondrial and two nuc.ear markers), ec.logic.l and distributional ***: In earlier field observations, we noted two very different song types of "Plain-bac.ed" Thrush segregated by breeding habitat and elevation. Further integrative analyses c.ngruently identify three groups: an alpine breeder in the Himalayas and Sic.uan, c.ina("Alpine Thrush"); a forest breeder in the eastern Himalayas and northwest Yunnan(at least), c.ina("Himalayan Forest Thrush"); and a forest breeder in c.ntral Sic.uan("Sic.uan Forest Thrush"). Alpine and Himalayan Forest Thrushes are broadly sympatric. but segregated by habitat and altitude, and the same is probably true also for Alpine and Sic.uan Forest Thrushes. These three groups differ markedly in morphology and songs. In addition, DNA sequenc. data from three non-breeding spec.mens from Yunnan indic.te that yet another lineage exists("Yunnan Thrush"). However, we find no c.nsistent morphologic.l differenc.s from Alpine Thrush, and its breeding range is unknown. Molec.lar phylogenetic.analyses suggest that all four groups diverged at least a few million years ago, and identify Alpine Thrush and the putative "Yunnan Thrush" as sisters, and the two forest taxa as sisters. c.toc.rome b divergenc.s among the four Z. mollissima sensu lato(s.l.) c.ades are similar to those between any of them and Z. dixoni, and exc.ed that between the two c.ngeneric.outgroup spec.es. We lec.otypify the name Oreoc.nc.a rostrata Hodgson, 1845 with the Z. mollissima sensu stric.o(s.s.) spec.men long c.nsidered its type. No available name unambiguously pertains to the Himalayan Forest ***: The

关键词： Systematic. Morphology Bioac.ustic. Altitudinal distributions Genetic.distanc.s Undesc.ibed taxa Zoothera dixoni Lec.otypific.tion Holotype