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Diagnostics of Epistomatal Wax of Californian Pine Needles, and Their Association with Ozone-Caused Chlorotic Mottle

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第12期5卷 1733-1744页

作者： Satu Huttunen Andrzej Bytnerowicz Michael J.Arbaugh Katriina Bent Marketta Karhu paivi Tuohimaa Department of Biology University of OuluOuluFinland USDA Forest ServicePacific Southwest Research StationRiversideUSA Environment Office of Oulu OuluFinland

Tropospheric ozone is a worldwide phenomenon causing injuries to forest trees. Californian ponderosa and Jeffrey pines are well known for their sensitivity to ozone, while other pine species have varied in their susceptibility. Sensitive pine species are known for their chlorotic mottle and tip burn symptoms, caused by ozone air pollution. Epistomatal wax plugs and filamentous waxes around stomata are typical for pine needle surfaces. In this study, we investigated epistomatal and epicuticular needle waxes in eight species of field-grown pines in 1985, 1986 and 2006. The epistomatal wax plugs were present in asymptomatic needles without chlorotic mottle (23% of needles). A lack of wax plugs in needles with chlorotic mottle and tip burn symptoms was common (76% of needles). More abundant existence of mottling associated with stomata without wax plugs in two-year-old needles, compared with one-year-old needles (43% and 33%, respectively), indicated chronic injury development over time.

关键词： Pinus coulteri P.jeffreyi P.ponderosa Epistomatal Wax Plugs Scanning Microscopy(SEM)

Is There an Association between Temperament and Apolipoprotein E? A Replication of a 1993 Young Finns Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第2期3卷 194-199页

作者： Aino M.Pitkanen paivi Merjonen Liisa Keltikangas-Jarvinen Ilkka Seppala Terho Lehtimaki Jorma Viikari Olli TRaitakari Mirka Hintsanen Institute of Behavioural Sciences University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab LaboratoriesSchool of MedicineUniversity of TampereTampere University HospitalTampereFinland Department of Medicine University of TurkuTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Background: An association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism and temperament has been found in the Young Finns cohort. Motor activity in childhood and mental vitality, sociability and positive emotionality in adolescence were associated with apoE. Two research groups have attempted to replicate these findings but no associations have been found. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to confirm the original findings with new and more reliable genotyping from a larger sample derived from the same Young Finns Study as the original ***: The study included 2808 participants aged 3 - 18 years in 1980. The same methods in assessing temperament were used as in the original study. Temperament was operationalized as motor activity, cooperativeness, negative emotionality, mental vitality, sociability and positive emotionality. Temperament was assessed by participants’ mothers in 1980 and 1983 and self-rated in 1983 by adolescent participants. Results: Motor activity was not associated with apoE polymerphisms. All other previous results were replicated. Adolescents’ positive emotionality, mental vitality and sociability were associated with apoE. Conclusions: The results indicated that there is an association between temperament and apoE. The previous absence of association between temperament and apoE in the replication studies may be due to the fact that researchers used different dimensions of temperament and thus probably studied different phenomena. Cultural differences in personality assessment might also explain the contradictory findings.

关键词： Temperament Personality Behavioral Genetics Biological Psychology apoE

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诺亚方舟芬兰堡C54

建筑技艺 2013年第6期19卷 152-157页

作者： Merja Nieminen paivi Pennanen Arno de la Chapelle Kari Jarvinen和Merja Nieminen建筑师事务所

一个了解情况、有见识的客户总是能做出不小的贡献。一个项目想要成功,应该让客户与建筑师具有相同的志向和审美观,这一点至关重要。每一个选址和项目的局限性都提供了很有趣的出发点,使建筑师集中关注最基本的元索,,场址的重要性和特... 详细信息

一个了解情况、有见识的客户总是能做出不小的贡献。一个项目想要成功,应该让客户与建筑师具有相同的志向和审美观,这一点至关重要。每一个选址和项目的局限性都提供了很有趣的出发点,使建筑师集中关注最基本的元索,,场址的重要性和特点是极其重要的,而且一个能够历久的、超越时间的作品一直是我们奋斗的目标。

关键词：诺亚方舟建筑师审美观基本的芬兰重要性局限性出发点客户项目

Spatial Distribution of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Induced Hemlock Mortality in the Southern Appalachians

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第5期4卷 492-506页

作者： Tuula Kantola paivi Lyytikainen-Saarenmaa Robert N.Coulson Sheryl Strauch Maria D.Tchakerian Markus Holopainen Hannu Saarenmaa Douglas A.Streett Knowledge Engineering Laboratory Department of EntomologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland SIB Labs School of ComputingUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland Alexandria Forestry Center USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationPinevilleLAUSA

Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges Tsugae Annand, HWA) outbreaks are posing a major threat to eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L. Carr.) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.) forest landscapes in the eastern USA. As foundation species, hemlocks play a variety of functional roles in forest landscapes. These species usually occur as isolated canopies and mixed species in landscapes where variation in topography is extreme. Spatially explicit inventory information on HWA induced hemlock mortality at landscape scale does not exist. High resolution aerial imageries enable landscape scale assessment even at the individual tree level. Accordingly, our goal was to investigate spatial pattern and distribution of HWA induced hemlock mortality using a high resolution aerial image mosaic in the Linville River Gorge, Southern Appalachians, western North Carolina. Our study objectives were: 1) to detect dead trees within the Lower Linville River watershed;2) to estimate the area occupied by dead trees in the forest canopy surface;3) to investigate the relationship of dead hemlocks and topography;and 4) to define the spatial pattern of the dead trees. We found ca. 10,000 dead trees within the study area, occupying over 7 ha of the canopy surface with an average area of 36 m2 per dead tree. The density of the dead trees was higher in proximity to the Linville River, at higher elevations, and on northern and northwestern aspects. Spatial pattern of the dead trees was generally clustered at all spatial scales. We suggest that although the reduction in plant biomass resulting from herbivory within the landscapes is modest, impact of the clustered distribution of hemlock mortality, especially in the riparian zones, is noteworthy. Our analysis of the pattern of hemlock decline provides new means for projecting future impacts of HWA on the range of hemlock distribution in eastern North America.

关键词： Adelges Tsugae Eastern Hemlock Southern Appalachians Spatial pattern Topography Tree Mortality Tsuga

Collaborative Consumption as a Source of Market Disruption

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Management Studies 2019年第1期7卷 33-41页

作者： Petteri Repo paivi Timonen University of Helsinki HelsinkiFinland

The concept of collaborative consumption has been developed in consumer studies to define new consumption opportunities which are facilitated by information ***,novel services such as the ridesharing service Uber,for transport,and the hospitality-brokering service Airbnb,for accommodation,successfully employ collaboration in consumption and provide consumers with novel types of access to *** while the identification of this new characteristic of consumption is of great merit,less attention has been paid in consumer studies to how it challenges existing market *** is against this background that this article examines collaborative consumption as a source of market *** article applies the concept to the empirical case of a pilot scheme in collaborative public transport(Kutsuplus),which essentially consisted of a taxi-like bus service in Helsinki,*** argues that collaborative consumption may tend to contribute premium rather than standard quality in public services,which is apt to disrupt both public and private service *** analysis further affirms that the concept of collaborative consumption is well suited to the assessment of novel services and their disruptive characteristics.

关键词： collaborative consumption consumer studies market disruption public and private services transport

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教育,仍是参与全球竞争的关键词

21世纪商业评论 2005年第10期 132-132页

作者：席柏薇（paivi Hiltunen-Toivio）孙海燕（采访整理）芬兰驻沪总领事不详

芬兰之所以能够创造出良好的整体经济环境,保持持续的竞争力,很大一部分归功于对教育系统的完善和对创新的支持。

关键词：芬兰教育制度核心竞争力经济发展工业设计