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Altered leukocyte gene expression after traumatic spinal cord injury:clinical implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1524-1529页

作者： paige e.Herman Ona Bloom The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Northwell Health Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Molecular MedicineDonald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell

In addition to changes in motor and sensory function, individuals with spinal cord injury （SCI） experience immunological changes. These changes are clinically significant, as infections are the leading cause of death for this population. Along with increased infections, inflammation is commonly observed in persons with SCI, where it may promote many common medical consequences. These include elevated risk of cardio- vascular disease, impaired wound healing, diabetes and neuropathic pain. It has also been proposed that chronic inflammation dampens neurological recovery. In order to identify therapeutic strategies to im- prove immune function, we need a greater understanding of the molecular changes that occur in immune cells after SCI. The purpose of this mini-review is to discuss two recent studies that used functional genom- ics to investigate gene expression in circulating leukocytes isolated from persons with SCI. In the future, the molecular pathways that are altered after SCI may be targeted to improve immunological function, as well as overall health and functional recovery, after SCI.

关键词： traumatic spinal cord injury inflammation immune cells functional genomics gene expression autoimmunity microarray chronic spinal cord injury

effects of cereal fiber on bowel function: A systematic review of intervention trials

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第29期21卷 8952-8963页

作者： Jan de Vries paige e Miller Kristin Verbeke De Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc. Center for epidemiology Biostatistics and Computational Biology Exponent Inc. Nutrition and Food Service Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine KU Leuven

AIM: To comprehensively review and quantitatively summarize results from intervention studies that examined the effects of intact cereal dietary fiber on parameters of bowel function. MeTHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using Pub Med and eMBASe. Supplementary literature searches included screening reference lists from relevant studies and reviews. eligible outcomes were stool wet and dry weight, percentage water in stools, stool frequency and consistency, and total transit time. Weighted regression analyses generated mean change(± SD) in these measures per g/d of dietary fiber. ReSULTS: Sixty-five intervention studies among generally healthy populations were identified. A quantitative examination of the effects of non-wheat sources of intact cereal dietary fibers was not possible due to an insufficient number of studies. Weighted regression analyses demonstrated that each extra g/d of wheat fiber increased total stool weight by 3.7 ± 0.09 g/d(P eight by 0.75 ± 0.03 g/d(P equency by 0.004 ± 0.002 times/d(P = 0.0346; 95%CI: 0.0003-0.0078). Transittime decreased by 0.78 ± 0.13 h per additional g/d(P eat fiber among those with an initial transit time greater than 48 ***: Wheat dietary fiber, and predominately wheat bran dietary fiber, improves measures of bowel function.

关键词： Comprehensive review Dietary fiber Wheat bran Cereal Bowel function

Seasonal metabolic flexibility is correlated with microclimate variation in horned larks and house sparrows

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 199-210页

作者： paige OBOIKOVITZ David L.SWANSON Department of Biology University of South DakotaVermillionSD 57069USA

Maximum and minimum metabolic rates in birds are flexible traits and such flexibility can be advantageous in variable *** climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)posits that more variable climates should result in greater metabolic flexibility for geographically distinct *** the CVH applies to sympatric species occupying microclimates differing in variability is *** of open habitats are likely more variable than those of sheltered *** the CVH extends to microclimates,we expect birds from open habitats to show greater flexibility than those from sheltered *** test this extension of the CVH,we compared seasonal variation in microclimates and metabolic rates for sympatric horned larks eremophila alpestris,which occupy open habitats,and house sparrows Passer domesticus,which occupy sheltered *** measured operative temperature(T_(e′) an integrative measure of the thermal environment),summit metabolic rate(M_(sum′) maximal cold-induced metabolic rate),and basal metabolic rate(BMR,minimal maintenance metabolic rate)in summer and *** both winter and summer,daily minimum Te was similar between open and sheltered habitats but maximum Te was higher for open *** microclimates,however,were colder for open than for sheltered habitats after accounting for convective *** species increased M_(sum) in winter,but seasonal M_(sum) flexibility was greater for larks(43%)than for sparrows(31%).Winter increases in BMR were 92.5% and 11% for larks and sparrows,respectively,with only the former attaining statistical ***,species*season interactions in general linear models for whole-organism metabolic rates were significant for BMR and showed a similar,although not significant,pattern for M_(sum),with greater seasonal metabolic flexibility in horned larks than in house *** results suggest that extending the CVH to sympatric bird species occupying different microclimates

关键词： climatic variability hypothesis eremophila alpestris metabolic flexibility metabolic rates microclimates Passer domesticus

Nigral dopaminergic neuron replenishment in adult mice through Ve-cadherin-expressing neural progenitor cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1865-1869页

作者： Abir A.Rahman Nathan K.Lai Joshua e.Albright paige e.Urquhart Abby R.Webb Brad e.Morrison Department of Biological Sciences Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Biomolecular Ph.D.Program Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Department of Biological Sciences Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

The function of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is of central importance to the coordination of movement by the brain＇s basal ganglia circuitry. This is evidenced by the loss of these neurons, resulting in the cardinal motor deficits associated with Parkinson＇s disease. In order to fully understand the physiology of these key neurons and develop potential therapies for their loss, it is essential to determine if and how dopaminergic neurons are replenished in the adult brain. Recent work has presented evidence for adult neurogenesis of these neurons by Nestin＋/Sox2 neural progenitor cells. We sought to further validate this finding and explore a potential atypical origin for these progenitor cells. Since neural progenitor cells have a proximal association with the vasculature of the brain and subsets of endothelial cells are Nestin＋, we hypothesized that dopaminergic neural progenitors might share a common cell lineage. Therefore, we employed a Ve-cadherin promoter-driven CReeRT2：TIlox/Tlox transgenic mouse line to ablate the tyrosine hydroxylase gene from endothelial cells in adult animals. After 26 weeks, but not 13 weeks, following the genetic blockade of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in Ve-cadherin＋ cells, we observed a significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase＋ neurons in the substantia nigra. The results from this genetic lineage tracing study suggest that dopaminergic neurons are replenished in adult mice by a Ve-cadherin＋ progenitor cell population potentially arising from an endothelial lineage.

关键词： nerve regeneration neural progenitor cells adult neurogenesis endothelial cells substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons Parkinson's disease mouse model

Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第3期12卷 89-89页

作者： paige Van de Vuurst Luis e.escobar Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia

Background Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the *** recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease *** of these publications focus on simulations based on in silico data,shadowing empirical research based on feld and laboratory data.A synthesis work of empirical climate change and infectious disease research is still *** We conducted a systemic review of research from 2015 to 2020 period on climate change and infectious diseases to identify major trends and current gaps of *** was sourced from Web of Science and PubMed literary repositories using a key word search,and was reviewed using a delineated inclusion criteria by a team of *** Our review revealed that both taxonomic and geographic biases are present in climate and infectious disease research,specifcally with regard to types of disease transmission and localities *** investigations on vector-borne diseases associated with mosquitoes comprised the majority of research on the climate change and infectious disease ***,demographic trends in the institutions and individuals published revealed research bias towards research conducted across temperate,high-income *** also identifed key trends in funding sources for most resent literature and a discrepancy in the gender identities of publishing authors which may refect current systemic inequities in the scientifc *** Future research lines on climate change and infectious diseases should considered diseases of direct transmission(non-vector-borne)and more research efort in the *** of local research in low-and middle-income countries was generally *** on climate change and infectious disease has failed to be socially inclusive,geographically balanced,and broad in terms of the disease systems studied,limiting our cap

关键词： Climate change Infectious disease Research trend Systematic review

Probing the subcellular nanostructure of engineered human cardiomyocytes in 3D tissue

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 133-140页

作者： Josh Javor Jourdan K.ewoldt paige e.Cloonan Anant Chopra Rebeccah J.Luu Guillaume Freychet Mikhail Zhernenkov Karl Ludwig Jonathan G.Seidman Christine e.Seidman Christopher S.Chen David J.Bishop Department of Mechanical engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Biomedical engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA SMI Beamline 12-ID Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Department of Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Division of Materials Science Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of electrical engineering Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

The structural and functional maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes(hiPSC-CMs)is essential for pharmaceutical testing,disease modeling,and ultimately therapeutic *** 3D-tissue platforms have improved the functional maturation of hiPSC-CMs,but probing cardiac contractile properties in a 3D environment remains challenging,especially at depth and in live *** small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)imaging,we show that hiPSC-CMs matured and examined in a 3D environment exhibit a periodic spatial arrangement of the myofilament lattice,which has not been previously detected in *** contractile force is found to correlate with both the scattering intensity(R^(2)=0.44)and lattice spacing(R^(2)=0.46).The scattering intensity also correlates with lattice spacing(R^(2)=0.81),suggestive of lower noise in our structural measurement than in the functional ***,we observed decreased myofilament ordering in tissues with a myofilament mutation known to lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Our results highlight the progress of human cardiac tissue engineering and enable unprecedented study of structural maturation in hiPSC-CMs.

关键词： cardiac cardiomyocytes spacing

3D convolutional selective autoencoder for instability detection in combustion systems

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energy and AI 2021年第2期4卷 80-90页

作者： Tryambak Gangopadhyay Vikram Ramanan Adedotun Akintayo paige K Boor Soumalya Sarkar Satyanarayanan R Chakravarthy Soumik Sarkar Department of Mechanical engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Indian Institute of Technology Madras ChennaiIndia Intel Corporation FolsomCAUSA Raytheon Technologies East HartfordCTUSA

While analytical solutions of critical(phase)transitions in dynamical systems are abundant for simple nonlinear systems,such analysis remains intractable for real-life dynamical systems.A key example is thermoacoustic insta-bility in combustion,where prediction or early detection of the onset of instability is a hard technical challenge,which needs to be addressed to build safer and more energy-efficient gas turbine engines powering aerospace and energy *** instabilities arising in combustion chambers of engines are mathematically too complex to *** address this issue in a data-driven manner instead,we propose a novel deep learning architecture called 3D convolutional selective autoencoder(3D-CSAe)to detect the evolution of self-excited oscillations using spatiotemporal data,i.e.,hi-speed videos taken from a swirl-stabilized combustor(laboratory surrogate of gas turbine engine combustor).3D-CSAe consists of filters to learn,in a hierarchical fashion,the complex visual and dynamic features related to combustion instability from the training videos(i.e.,two spatial dimensions for the image frames and the third dimension for time).We train the 3D-CSAe on frames of videos obtained from a limited set of operating *** select the 3D-CSAe hyper-parameters that are effective for characterizing hierarchical and multiscale instability structure evolution by utilizing the dynamic information available in the *** proposed model clearly shows performance improvement in detecting the precursors and the onset of *** machine learning-driven results are verified with physics-based off-line *** active control mechanisms can directly leverage the proposed online detection capability of 3D-CSAe to mitigate the adverse effects of combustion instabilities on the engine operating under various stringent requirements and conditions.

关键词： 3D deep learning Convolutional autoencoder Hi-speed video analytics Combustion instability Gas turbine engines early detection Instability precursors Physics-based validation

Reconstructing landscapes of ungulate parturition and predation using vegetation phenology

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Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 275-283页

作者： paige VAN De VUURST Seth A.MOORe edmund J.ISAAC Yvette CHeNAUX-IBRAHIM Tiffany M.WOLF Luis e.eSCOBAR Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of Biology and environment Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior ChippewaGrand PortageMN 55605USA Veterinary Population Medicine University of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

enhanced vegetation index(eVI)data can be used to identify and define the space in which ungulates practice parturition and encounter *** study explores the use of eVI data to identify landscapes linked to ungulate parturition and predation events across space,time,and environmental *** a case study,we used the moose population(Alces alces)of northern Minnesota in the *** remotely sensed eVI data rasters and global positioning system collar data,we quantified how vegetation phenology and moose movement shaped the births and predation of 52 moose calves from 2013 to 2020 on or adjacent to the Grand Portage Indian *** known sources of predation were American black bears(Ursus americanus,n=22)and gray wolves(Canis lupus,n=28).Satellite-derived data summarizing seasonal landscape features at the local level revealed that landscape heterogeneity use by moose can help to quantitatively identify landscapes of parturition and predation in space and time across large *** phenology proved to be differentiable between adult moose ranges,sites of cow parturition,and sites of calf *** characteristics of each moose group were consistent and tractable based on environment,suggesting that sites of parturition and predation of moose are predictable in space and *** is possible that moose selected specific landscapes for parturition despite risk of increased predation of their calves,which could be an example of an"ecological trap."This analytical framework can be employed to identify areas for future ungulate research on the impacts of landscape on parturition and predation dynamics.

关键词： bear eVI moose parturition predation prey vegetation phenology

Revealing the complexity of vampire bat rabies "spillover transmission"

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第1期12卷 102-110页

作者： Luis e.escobar Andres Velasco-Villa Panayampalli S.Satheshkumar Yoshinori Nakazawa paige Van de Vuurst Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Virginia Tech Graduate School Translational BiologyMedicineand Health ProgramBlacksburgVAUSA Global Change Center Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Center for emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod‑Borne Pathogens Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de La SalleBogotáColombia Poxvirus and Rabies Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1600 Clifton Rd.NEAtlantaGA 30333USA

Background The term virus'spillover’embodies a highly complex phenomenon and is often used to refer to viral transmission from a primary reservoir host to a new,naïve yet susceptible and permissive host *** transmission can result in a virus becoming pathogenic,causing disease and death to the new host if successful infection and transmission takes *** text The scientific literature across diverse disciplines has used the terms virus spillover,spillover transmission,cross-species transmission,and host shift almost indistinctly to imply the complex process of establishment of a virus from an original host(source/donor)to a naïve host(recipient),which have close or distant taxonomic or evolutionary *** transmission may result in unsuccessful onward transmission,if the virus dies off before ***,successful viral establishment in the new host can occur if subsequent secondary transmission among individuals of the same novel species and among other sympatric susceptible species *** such,virus spillover transmission is a common yet highly complex phenomenon that encompasses multiple subtle stages that can be deconstructed to be studied separately to better understand the drivers of disease *** virus(RABV)is a well-documented viral pathogen which still inflicts heavy impact on humans,companion animals,wildlife,and livestock throughout Latin America due substantial spatial temporal and ecological—natural and expansional—overlap with several virus reservoir ***,the rabies disease system represents a robust avenue through which the drivers and uncertainties surrounding spillover transmission can be unravel at its different subtle stages to better understand how they may be affected by coarse,medium,and fine scale *** The continued study of viral spillover transmission necessitates the elucidation of its complexities to better assess the cross-scale impacts of ecological force

关键词： Bat-borne diseases Rabies Spillover Transmission