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Seasonal metabolic flexibility is correlated with microclimate variation in horned larks and house sparrows

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 199-210页

作者： paige OBOIKOVITZ David l.SWANSON Department of Biology University of South DakotaVermillionSD 57069USA

Maximum and minimum metabolic rates in birds are flexible traits and such flexibility can be advantageous in variable *** climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)posits that more variable climates should result in greater metabolic flexibility for geographically distinct *** the CVH applies to sympatric species occupying microclimates differing in variability is *** of open habitats are likely more variable than those of sheltered *** the CVH extends to microclimates,we expect birds from open habitats to show greater flexibility than those from sheltered *** test this extension of the CVH,we compared seasonal variation in microclimates and metabolic rates for sympatric horned larks Eremophila alpestris,which occupy open habitats,and house sparrows Passer domesticus,which occupy sheltered *** measured operative temperature(T_(e′) an integrative measure of the thermal environment),summit metabolic rate(M_(sum′) maximal cold-induced metabolic rate),and basal metabolic rate(BMR,minimal maintenance metabolic rate)in summer and *** both winter and summer,daily minimum Te was similar between open and sheltered habitats but maximum Te was higher for open *** microclimates,however,were colder for open than for sheltered habitats after accounting for convective *** species increased M_(sum) in winter,but seasonal M_(sum) flexibility was greater for larks(43%)than for sparrows(31%).Winter increases in BMR were 92.5% and 11% for larks and sparrows,respectively,with only the former attaining statistical ***,species*season interactions in general linear models for whole-organism metabolic rates were significant for BMR and showed a similar,although not significant,pattern for M_(sum),with greater seasonal metabolic flexibility in horned larks than in house *** results suggest that extending the CVH to sympatric bird species occupying different microclimates

关键词： climatic variability hypothesis Eremophila alpestris metabolic flexibility metabolic rates microclimates Passer domesticus

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In Memoriam:*** ***

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第4期9卷 485-489页

作者： Dennis C.Flanagan Richard M.Cruse James l.Baker paige Chyu USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Agricultural&Biosystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation BeijingChina

The soil erosion research and soil and water conservation global community lost a treasured member on November 20,2020,when *** Matthew laflen(Fig.1)*** one with a friendly welcoming smile,John had hundreds of friends,both personally and professionally throughout the *** article includes many of his professional and scientific contributions,and impacts from his research and outreach activities.

关键词： soil hundreds professional

Combined Effect of Arsenic and Cadmium on the Transformation of Ferrihydrite into Crystalline Products

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第3期13卷 168-172,713页

作者： Tichang Sun C R paige W J Snodgrass(Resources Engineering School. University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China)(Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada l8S 4l7) Resources Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics McMaster University Hamilton Ont. L8S 4L7 Canada

Ferrihydrite, prepared in the presence of different amount of As and Cd in the solution, was used to study the combined effect of As and Cd coexisted in the same system on the transformation of ferrihydrite into crystalline products at pH & and pH 12. The data showed that there was apparent interaction between As and Cd in the transformation process. At pH 8, the transformation product was hematite with 1% As and different percent Cd (mole fraction, so as the follows), but the size of particles formed with different amount of Cd was different. At pH 12, the transformation products varied from sole hematite with 1% As and less than 2% Cd to a mixture of hematite and goethite with more than and equal to 2% Cd, and the percentage of goethite in the transformation products increased with the increasing level of Cd in the system. XRD (X-ray diffraction) and chemical analysis data showed that almost all As and part of Cd initially present in the system were retained in the crystalline products. The presence of As increased the amount of Cd retained in the structure of iron oxide. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) examination showed that the presence of As and Cd also altered the morphology of cry stalline products.

关键词： ferrihydrite arsenic cadmium transformation crystallization

The Comparative Performance of Plug Preparation Using Different Fertilizer Sources and Concentrations

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1193-1205页

作者： George Paul Buss paige Ann Carroll Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John l. Griffis Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Plugs are crucial for initiating crop production in greenhouses, soil, and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Vegetable, fruiting, ornamental, and other horticultural crops that utilize plugs for production have demonstrated superior transplant establishment rate, plant health, and total yield. The APS laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University investigated the quality of plugs grown based on different concentrations and fertigation sources using synthetic and organic sources. We carried out the growth of “Rex Butterhead” lettuce (latuca sativa) plugs with five different fertigation treatments, 1) full-strength synthetic starter fertilizer solution;2) half-strength synthetic starter fertilizer solution;3) full-strength organic starter fertilizer solution;4) half-strength organic starter fertilizer solution, and 5) no fertilizer for control. Fertilizer treatments were formulated following manufacturer recommendations. The seeds were sown in Oasis® Horticubes and saturated every day with the different fertilizer treatments. The plugs were cultivated for 15 days in a controlled environment until two leaves after the cotyledons had developed. After 15 days, we collected data which included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2). In addition, we derived data including the leaf Area Index (lAI, cm2/cm2) and Specific leaf Area (SlA, cm2/g). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the biomass data. A Tukey’s HSD test was carried out to understand the differences between the fertilizer sources. We determined there was a statistically significant difference (P = 7.34E−29) in the measured plug growth parameters due to the various fertigation sources. We found that all fertilizer treatments produced viable plugs except for the control treatment. Of all the treatments, we concluded the half-strength organic treatment produced the mo

关键词： Controlled Environments Fertigation lettuce Plugs Urban Agriculture

The Comparative Performance of Nutrient-Film Technique and Deep-Water Culture Method of Hydroponics for GREENBOX Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1108-1120页

作者： Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith George Paul Buss paige Ann Carroll Xiusheng Yang John l. Griffis Jr. Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

With the rising pressures on food security, GREENBOX technology was developed as an avenue for fresh leafy vegetable crop production in urban settings. GREENBOX units were designed to be thermally insulated and climate controlled, with an artificial lighting source that utilized soilless cultivation techniques. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technology used the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT);however, various hydroponic methods exist, such as the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method being the most used. The APS laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the crop growth performance between DWC and NFT systems using GREENBOX technology. The following study monitored environmental conditions and compared productivity and biomass data of Rex Butterhead lettuce crops between DWC and NFT systems. We assembled two GREENBOX units using commercially available materials and the standard nutrient solution for fertigation. The crops grown in DWC and NFT were in a 4 × 6 configuration. The DWC and NFT systems were used to grow lettuce lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” over 30 days to full bloom from prepared plugs grown for 14 days. We collected environmental data including Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, μmol/m2∙s), Daily light Integral (DlI, mol/ m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD, kPa). We collected lettuce crop growth data, which included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). We derived data, including the Specific leaf Area (SlA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2), from previously collected data. We used descriptive statistics to present the collected data. A paired t-test was performed to understand the differences in biomass and productivity parameters between the DWC and NFT-grown lettuce crops. Both the DWC and NFT-grown crops could grow lettuce crops to harve

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics lettuce

The Assessment of Growth Performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘li Ren Choi’, Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Brassica rapa var. japonica Using GREENBOX Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1222-1237页

作者： George Paul Buss paige Ann Carroll Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John l. Griffis Jr. Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Obtaining nutritious food is becoming increasingly difficult due to the growing urban population and the degradation of soil, water, and air from mechanized and industrialized agricultural techniques. More than half the global population resides in urban areas, with not enough surrounding agricultural land to meet food requirements. Food traveling long distances, an average of 1020 miles, has resulted in increased food miles for the average food item in the United States of America, representing wasted resources. The novel GREENBOX technology was invented in response to increasing pressures on food security. Previous studies conducted on GREENBOX technology assessed the technical feasibility of utilizing lettuce lactuca sativa ‘Rex Butterhead’. We at the APS laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University assessed the technical feasibility of growing different leafy green vegetable crops. GREENBOX technology consists of thermally insulated climate-controlled enclosures, an artificial lighting source, a soilless cultivation method (hydroponics), and environmental control modules. We assembled two GREENBOX units to assess the environmental conditions and growth performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘li Ren Choi’, Spinach Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Arugula Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Mizuna Brassica Brassica rapa var. japonica. Plugs were cultivated and then transplanted in a randomized manner to the nutrient film technique (NFT) channels, subsequently grown for 30 days to full bloom and ready for harvest. Fertigation was carried out using a standard concentration nutrient solution. Crops were arranged in twelve blocks of four species each. We collected environmental data including daily light integral (DlI, mol/m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa). Collected biomass data included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2)

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity GREENBOX Hydroponics lettuce

The Comparative Performance of Soil-Based Systems with Hydroponics

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1087-1097页

作者： paige Ann Carroll George Paul Buss Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John l. Griffis Jr. Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Conventional soil-based agriculture is resource-intensive, utilizing large amounts of land and water, thereby placing a strain on Earth’s natural resources. Soil-based agricultural techniques create environmental issues such as soil degradation, deforestation, and groundwater pollution from the mass implementation of fertilizers and pesticides. Agricultural crop production using hydroponics has shown promise to be less resource intensive and provide a faster turnaround in crop production. Soilless cultivation using hydroponics promises to relieve some pressure on Earth’s ecosystems and resources by utilizing lesser land and water footprint. The APS laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the growth of lettuce lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” crop grown using soil and soilless methods to analyze the growth performance in each setting. Crops grown in the soil-based medium were raised in the FGCU Food Forest, used a mix of soil and potting mix, watered regularly, and followed standard Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Crops grown hydroponically were grown in a thermally insulated grow tent with an artificial lighting source, ventilation, environmental controls, and the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method. lettuce plugs were grown for 15 days in controlled environments until two leaves after the cotyledons had developed and were ready for transplant. Plugs were transplanted into a 4 × 6 matrix at the FGCU Food Forest and the DWC growth system. Crops were grown to full bloom and ready for harvest in the soil (60 days) and soilless (30 days) based setups. We collected crop growth data, including wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). From the collected data, we derived the Specific leaf Area (SlA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the collected and derived data. We investigated the

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Hydroponics lettuce Soilless Agriculture Urban Agriculture

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英语沙龙（初级版） 2010年第4期 23-23页

作者： paige l.Burtson M.Stanley Bubien 凯奇

“妈妈!”儿子大叫着跑进屋，“切丽舍说脏字了!”

关键词：英语学习学习方法阅读翻译

波士顿大都会区的情景规划:探索城市未来发展的环境和社会影响

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风景园林 2013年第6期20卷 96-102页

作者：劳勃·l.·莱恩佩格·S·瓦伦克雷格·妮可森郑景雯瑞秋·丹福德迈克尔·斯特巴赫孙帅马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校(美国)风景园林和区域规划学院马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校(美国)环境保护学院德国不伦瑞克生物多样性研究所北方工业大学建筑工程学院

波士顿大都市区城市长期生态研究区(BMA-UlTRA-EX)项目是一个跨学科的项目,正在研究对城市生态系统有影响的社会经济和生物物理领域。波士顿地区正在经历着的城乡结合部的低密度城市扩张(郊区化)对自然资源和环境产生了一定的影响。与... 详细信息

波士顿大都市区城市长期生态研究区(BMA-UlTRA-EX)项目是一个跨学科的项目,正在研究对城市生态系统有影响的社会经济和生物物理领域。波士顿地区正在经历着的城乡结合部的低密度城市扩张(郊区化)对自然资源和环境产生了一定的影响。与此同时,像波士顿这样的中心城市,伴随着商业中心和交通枢纽附近的有限的加密开发(致密),一些低收入社区正在面临着经济的衰落。这些社会经济力量竞争过程中的郊区化、致密化和撤资也对城市生态环境系统产生影响。通过景观规划措施来解决这些问题,需要一个积极主动的做法,将目前建成的土地集中发展,而在边缘郊区保护自然资源,同时在当前高密度的城市核心区增加绿化并提高生态系统服务功能。通过这种景观规划方法,研究小组利用一个利益相关者驱动的过程,制定出一套4个情景规划方案来探索区域的未来。描述了这个利益相关者参与的规划过程,并进行初步分析,最后,为其他从事情景规划的景观规划师们总结了项目的经验。

关键词：景观规划城市生态情景规划